| Record Information |
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| Version | 2.0 |
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| Created at | 2024-09-10 18:53:47 UTC |
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| Updated at | 2024-09-10 18:53:47 UTC |
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| NP-MRD ID | NP0334558 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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| Natural Product Identification |
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| Common Name | L-Citrulline |
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| Description | Citrulline, also known as Cit or δ-ureidonorvaline, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as l-alpha-amino acids. These are alpha amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom. Citrulline is a drug which is used for nutritional supplementation, also for treating dietary shortage or imbalance. Citrulline exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. In humans, citrulline is involved in the metabolic disorder called the ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (otc deficiency) pathway. Citrulline is a secondary metabolite. Secondary metabolites are metabolically or physiologically non-essential metabolites that may serve a role as defense or signalling molecules. In some cases they are simply molecules that arise from the incomplete metabolism of other secondary metabolites. Citrulline, with regard to humans, has been found to be associated with several diseases such as periodontal disease, schizophrenia, tooth decay, and crohn's disease; citrulline has also been linked to the inborn metabolic disorder argininosuccinic aciduria. L-Citrulline was first documented in 2020 (PMID: 34589965). Based on a literature review a small amount of articles have been published on Citrulline (PMID: 34605437) (PMID: 34592055) (PMID: 34587540) (PMID: 34587493). |
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| Structure | N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=O)C(O)=O InChI=1S/C6H13N3O3/c7-4(5(10)11)2-1-3-9-6(8)12/h4H,1-3,7H2,(H,10,11)(H3,8,9,12)/t4-/m0/s1 |
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| Synonyms | | Value | Source |
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| (S)-2-Amino-5-ureidopentanoic acid | ChEBI | | 2-Amino-5-ureidovaleric acid | ChEBI | | alpha-Amino-delta-ureidovaleric acid | ChEBI | | Cit | ChEBI | | delta-Ureidonorvaline | ChEBI | | L-2-Amino-5-ureidovaleric acid | ChEBI | | N(5)-(Aminocarbonyl)-L-ornithine | ChEBI | | N5-(Aminocarbonyl)ornithine | ChEBI | | N5-Carbamoylornithine | ChEBI | | N(delta)-Carbamylornithine | ChEBI | | (S)-2-Amino-5-ureidopentanoate | Generator | | 2-Amino-5-ureidovalerate | Generator | | a-Amino-delta-ureidovalerate | Generator | | a-Amino-delta-ureidovaleric acid | Generator | | alpha-Amino-delta-ureidovalerate | Generator | | Α-amino-δ-ureidovalerate | Generator | | Α-amino-δ-ureidovaleric acid | Generator | | Δ-ureidonorvaline | Generator | | L-2-Amino-5-ureidovalerate | Generator | | N(Δ)-carbamylornithine | Generator | | a-Amino-δ-ureidovalerate | HMDB | | a-Amino-δ-ureidovaleric acid | HMDB | | (2S)-2-Amino-5-(carbamoylamino)pentanoate | HMDB | | (2S)-2-Amino-5-(carbamoylamino)pentanoic acid | HMDB | | (S)-2-Amino-5-(aminocarbonyl)aminopentanoate | HMDB | | (S)-2-Amino-5-(aminocarbonyl)aminopentanoic acid | HMDB | | 2-Amino-5-uredovalerate | HMDB | | 2-Amino-5-uredovaleric acid | HMDB | | a-Amino-D-ureidovalerate | HMDB | | a-Amino-D-ureidovaleric acid | HMDB | | alpha-Amino-gamma-ureidovalerate | HMDB | | alpha-Amino-gamma-ureidovaleric acid | HMDB | | Amino-ureidovalerate | HMDB | | Amino-ureidovaleric acid | HMDB | | CIR | HMDB | | Cytrulline | HMDB | | D-Ureidonorvaline | HMDB | | DL-Citrulline | HMDB | | Gammaureidonorvaline | HMDB | | H-Cit-OH | HMDB | | L(+)-2-Amino-5-ureidovalerate | HMDB | | L(+)-2-Amino-5-ureidovaleric acid | HMDB | | L(+)-Citrulline | HMDB | | L-2-Amino-5-ureido-valerate | HMDB | | L-2-Amino-5-ureido-valeric acid | HMDB | | L-Citrulline | HMDB | | L-Cytrulline | HMDB | | L-N5-Carbamoyl-ornithine | HMDB | | N()-Carbamylornithine | HMDB | | N(5)-(Aminocarbonyl)-DL-ornithine | HMDB | | N-Carbamylornithine | HMDB | | N5-(Aminocarbonyl)-L-ornithine | HMDB | | N5-(Aminocarbonyl)-ornithine | HMDB | | N5-Carbamoyl-L-ornithine | HMDB | | N5-Carbamylornithine | HMDB | | ND-Carbamylornithine | HMDB | | Ndelta-carbamy-ornithine | HMDB | | Ndelta-carbamylornithine | HMDB | | Ngamma-carbamylornithine | HMDB | | Sitrulline | HMDB | | Ureidonorvaline | HMDB | | Ureidovalerate | HMDB | | Ureidovaleric acid | HMDB |
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| Chemical Formula | C6H13N3O3 |
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| Average Mass | 175.1857 Da |
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| Monoisotopic Mass | 175.09569 Da |
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| IUPAC Name | (2S)-2-amino-5-(carbamoylamino)pentanoic acid |
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| Traditional Name | L-citrulline |
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| CAS Registry Number | Not Available |
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| SMILES | N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=O)C(O)=O |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C6H13N3O3/c7-4(5(10)11)2-1-3-9-6(8)12/h4H,1-3,7H2,(H,10,11)(H3,8,9,12)/t4-/m0/s1 |
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| InChI Key | RHGKLRLOHDJJDR-BYPYZUCNSA-N |
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| Experimental Spectra |
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| | Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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| 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| | Predicted Spectra |
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| Not Available | | Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Not Available | | Species |
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| Species of Origin | Not Available |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as l-alpha-amino acids. These are alpha amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom. |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Organic acids and derivatives |
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| Class | Carboxylic acids and derivatives |
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| Sub Class | Amino acids, peptides, and analogues |
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| Direct Parent | L-alpha-amino acids |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - L-alpha-amino acid
- Fatty acid
- Isourea
- Amino acid
- Carboximidic acid derivative
- Carboxylic acid
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Carboximidamide
- Amine
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Primary amine
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Organic oxide
- Primary aliphatic amine
- Organopnictogen compound
- Imine
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Aliphatic acyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Not Available |
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| Experimental Properties | | Property | Value | Reference |
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| Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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| Predicted Properties | |
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| General References | - Rechiche O, Lee TV, Lott JS: Structural characterization of human peptidyl-arginine deiminase type III by X-ray crystallography. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun. 2021 Oct 1;77(Pt 10):334-340. doi: 10.1107/S2053230X21009195. Epub 2021 Sep 21. [PubMed:34605437 ]
- Ren W, Wang T, Hu X, Li Y, Ji Z, Guo H, Cao H, Huang J: Development and application of sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra data acquisition modes on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography triple-quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry for metabolic profiling of amino acids in human plasma. J Sep Sci. 2021 Dec;44(23):4209-4221. doi: 10.1002/jssc.202100573. Epub 2021 Oct 13. [PubMed:34592055 ]
- Szlosarek PW, Phillips MM, Pavlyk I, Steele J, Shamash J, Spicer J, Kumar S, Pacey S, Feng X, Johnston A, Bomalaski J, Moir G, Lau K, Ellis S, Sheaff M: Expansion Phase 1 Study of Pegargiminase Plus Pemetrexed and Cisplatin in Patients With Argininosuccinate Synthetase 1-Deficient Mesothelioma: Safety, Efficacy, and Resistance Mechanisms. JTO Clin Res Rep. 2020 Sep 3;1(4):100093. doi: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2020.100093. eCollection 2020 Nov. [PubMed:34589965 ]
- Ho SW, El-Nezami H, Corke H, Ho CS, Shah NP: L-citrulline enriched fermented milk with Lactobacillus helveticus attenuates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis in mice. J Nutr Biochem. 2022 Jan;99:108858. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108858. Epub 2021 Sep 26. [PubMed:34587540 ]
- Peters KS, Rivera E, Warden C, Harlow PA, Mitchell SL, Calcutt MW, Samuels DC, Brantley MA Jr: Plasma Arginine and Citrulline are Elevated in Diabetic Retinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 2022 Mar;235:154-162. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.09.021. Epub 2021 Sep 26. [PubMed:34587493 ]
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