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Record Information
Version2.0
Created at2022-09-12 01:41:13 UTC
Updated at2022-09-12 01:41:13 UTC
NP-MRD IDNP0322739
Secondary Accession NumbersNone
Natural Product Identification
Common Name(2z)-4-[(1s,2s,13s,15r)-7-[(2e)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl]-6,8-dihydroxy-17,17-dimethyl-5-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-10,14-dioxo-3,16-dioxapentacyclo[11.4.1.0²,¹¹.0²,¹⁵.0⁴,⁹]octadeca-4,6,8,11-tetraen-15-yl]-2-methylbut-2-enoic acid
DescriptionGambogenic Acid, also known as neo-gambogic acid or gambogenate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as xanthones. These are polycyclic aromatic compounds containing a xanthene moiety conjugated to a ketone group at carbon 9. Xanthene is a tricyclic compound made up of two benzene rings linearly fused to each other through a pyran ring. (2z)-4-[(1s,2s,13s,15r)-7-[(2e)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl]-6,8-dihydroxy-17,17-dimethyl-5-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-10,14-dioxo-3,16-dioxapentacyclo[11.4.1.0²,¹¹.0²,¹⁵.0⁴,⁹]octadeca-4,6,8,11-tetraen-15-yl]-2-methylbut-2-enoic acid is found in Garcinia hanburyi. (2z)-4-[(1s,2s,13s,15r)-7-[(2e)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl]-6,8-dihydroxy-17,17-dimethyl-5-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-10,14-dioxo-3,16-dioxapentacyclo[11.4.1.0²,¹¹.0²,¹⁵.0⁴,⁹]octadeca-4,6,8,11-tetraen-15-yl]-2-methylbut-2-enoic acid was first documented in 2019 (PMID: 31377565). Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on Gambogenic Acid (PMID: 36086867) (PMID: 36081284) (PMID: 35994849) (PMID: 34980780) (PMID: 34692693) (PMID: 34331200).
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
GambogenateGenerator
Neo-gambogic acidMeSH
Neogambogic acidMeSH
Chemical FormulaC38H46O8
Average Mass630.7780 Da
Monoisotopic Mass630.31927 Da
IUPAC NameNot Available
Traditional NameNot Available
CAS Registry NumberNot Available
SMILES
CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C\CC1=C(O)C(CC=C(C)C)=C2O[C@@]34[C@H]5C[C@@H](C=C3C(=O)C2=C1O)C(=O)[C@]4(C\C=C(\C)C(O)=O)OC5(C)C
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C38H46O8/c1-20(2)10-9-11-22(5)13-15-25-30(39)26(14-12-21(3)4)33-29(31(25)40)32(41)27-18-24-19-28-36(7,8)46-37(34(24)42,38(27,28)45-33)17-16-23(6)35(43)44/h10,12-13,16,18,24,28,39-40H,9,11,14-15,17,19H2,1-8H3,(H,43,44)/b22-13+,23-16-/t24-,28+,37+,38-/m1/s1
InChI KeyRCWNBHCZYXWDOV-VSFMGBBVSA-N
Experimental Spectra
Not Available
Predicted Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionDepositor IDDepositor OrganizationDepositorDeposition DateView
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 25 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 252 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 50 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 75 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 101 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 126 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 151 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 176 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 201 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 226 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
Chemical Shift Submissions
Not Available
Species
Species of Origin
Species NameSourceReference
Garcinia hanburyiLOTUS Database
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as xanthones. These are polycyclic aromatic compounds containing a xanthene moiety conjugated to a ketone group at carbon 9. Xanthene is a tricyclic compound made up of two benzene rings linearly fused to each other through a pyran ring.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassBenzopyrans
Sub Class1-benzopyrans
Direct ParentXanthones
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Xanthone
  • Chromone
  • Aromatic monoterpenoid
  • Monoterpenoid
  • Aryl ketone
  • Alkyl aryl ether
  • Phenol
  • Oxepane
  • Cyclohexenone
  • Benzenoid
  • Vinylogous acid
  • Oxolane
  • Ketone
  • Oxacycle
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Dialkyl ether
  • Ether
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Organic oxide
  • Carbonyl group
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
HMDB IDNot Available
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FoodDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDC00030342
Chemspider ID8969378
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound10794070
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
General References
  1. Pan LY, Wang YS, Liu XH, Wang N, Xu W, Xiu YF: Pharmacokinetic comparison of five xanthones in rat plasma after oral administration of crude and processed Garcinia hanburyi extracts. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2019 Sep 15;1126-1127:121737. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121737. Epub 2019 Jul 26. [PubMed:31377565 ]
  2. Wu J, Wang D, Zhou J, Li J, Xie R, Li Y, Huang J, Liu B, Qiu J: Gambogenic acid induces apoptosis and autophagy through ROS-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress via JNK pathway in prostate cancer cells. Phytother Res. 2023 Jan;37(1):310-328. doi: 10.1002/ptr.7614. Epub 2022 Sep 9. [PubMed:36086867 ]
  3. Wang M, Cheng H, Wu H, Liu C, Li S, Li B, Su J, Luo S, Li Q: Gambogenic acid antagonizes the expression and effects of long non-coding RNA NEAT1 and triggers autophagy and ferroptosis in melanoma. Biomed Pharmacother. 2022 Oct;154:113636. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113636. Epub 2022 Sep 5. [PubMed:36081284 ]
  4. Tao S, Yang L, Wu C, Hu Y, Guo F, Ren Q, Ma L, Fu P: Gambogenic acid alleviates kidney fibrosis via epigenetic inhibition of EZH2 to regulate Smad7-dependent mechanism. Phytomedicine. 2022 Nov;106:154390. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154390. Epub 2022 Aug 11. [PubMed:35994849 ]
  5. Wang M, Zhan F, Cheng H, Li Q: Gambogenic Acid Inhibits Basal Autophagy of Drug-Resistant Hepatoma Cells and Improves Its Sensitivity to Adriamycin. Biol Pharm Bull. 2022;45(1):63-70. doi: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00511. [PubMed:34980780 ]
  6. Liu C, Xu J, Guo C, Chen X, Qian C, Zhang X, Zhou P, Yang Y: Gambogenic Acid Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Colorectal Cancer via the Aurora A Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021 Oct 6;9:736350. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.736350. eCollection 2021. [PubMed:34692693 ]
  7. Pesonen L, Svartsjo S, Back V, de Thonel A, Mezger V, Saberan-Djoneidi D, Roos-Mattjus P: Gambogic acid and gambogenic acid induce a thiol-dependent heat shock response and disrupt the interaction between HSP90 and HSF1 or HSF2. Cell Stress Chaperones. 2021 Sep;26(5):819-833. doi: 10.1007/s12192-021-01222-4. Epub 2021 Jul 30. [PubMed:34331200 ]
  8. Ding Z, Li Y, Tang Z, Song X, Jing F, Wu H, Lu B: Role of gambogenic acid in regulating PI3K/Akt/NF-kbeta signaling pathways in rat model of acute hepatotoxicity. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2021 Feb 24;85(3):520-527. doi: 10.1093/bbb/zbaa039. [PubMed:33624779 ]
  9. Wang B, Yuan T, Zha L, Liu Y, Chen W, Zhang C, Bao Y, Dong Q: Oral Delivery of Gambogenic Acid by Functional Polydopamine Nanoparticles for Targeted Tumor Therapy. Mol Pharm. 2021 Mar 1;18(3):1470-1479. doi: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00030. Epub 2021 Feb 14. [PubMed:33586444 ]
  10. Jun-Zeng, Huang TY, Wang ZZ, Gong YF, Liu XC, Zhang XM, Huang XY: Scar-reducing effects of gambogenic acid on skin wounds in rabbit ears. Int Immunopharmacol. 2021 Jan;90:107200. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107200. Epub 2020 Nov 24. [PubMed:33246825 ]
  11. Zhao Q, Zhong J, Bi Y, Liu Y, Liu Y, Guo J, Pan L, Tan Y, Yu X: Gambogenic acid induces Noxa-mediated apoptosis in colorectal cancer through ROS-dependent activation of IRE1alpha/JNK. Phytomedicine. 2020 Nov;78:153306. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153306. Epub 2020 Aug 18. [PubMed:32854039 ]
  12. Zha L, Qian J, Wang B, Liu H, Zhang C, Dong Q, Chen W, Hong L: In vitro/in vivo evaluation of pH-sensitive Gambogenic acid loaded Zein nanoparticles with polydopamine coating. Int J Pharm. 2020 Sep 25;587:119665. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119665. Epub 2020 Jul 21. [PubMed:32702449 ]
  13. Wang M, Li S, Wang Y, Cheng H, Su J, Li Q: Gambogenic acid induces ferroptosis in melanoma cells undergoing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2020 Aug 15;401:115110. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115110. Epub 2020 Jun 10. [PubMed:32533954 ]
  14. Zhou S, Zhao N, Wang J: Gambogenic acid suppresses bladder cancer cells growth and metastasis by regulating NF-kappaB signaling. Chem Biol Drug Des. 2020 Nov;96(5):1272-1279. doi: 10.1111/cbdd.13737. Epub 2020 Jul 26. [PubMed:32491272 ]
  15. Lin TY, Chang JL, Xun Y, Zhao Y, Peng W, Yang W, Ding BJ, Chen WD: Folic acid-modified nonionic surfactant vesicles for gambogenic acid targeting: Preparation, characterization, and in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2020 May;36(5):344-353. doi: 10.1002/kjm2.12162. Epub 2020 Apr 15. [PubMed:32293112 ]
  16. Shen D, Wang Y, Niu H, Liu C: Gambogenic acid exerts anticancer effects in cisplatin‑resistant non‑small cell lung cancer cells. Mol Med Rep. 2020 Mar;21(3):1267-1275. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2020.10909. Epub 2020 Jan 3. [PubMed:31922223 ]
  17. Cheng W, Wang B, Zhang C, Dong Q, Qian J, Zha L, Chen W, Hong L: Preparation and preliminary pharmacokinetics study of GNA-loaded zein nanoparticles. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2019 Nov;71(11):1626-1634. doi: 10.1111/jphp.13151. Epub 2019 Aug 29. [PubMed:31468524 ]
  18. Lin TY, Zhu TT, Xun Y, Tao YS, Yang YQ, Xie JL, Zhang XM, Chen SX, Ding BJ, Chen WD: A novel drug delivery system of mixed micelles based on poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactide) and poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(varepsilon-caprolactone) for gambogenic acid. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2019 Dec;35(12):757-764. doi: 10.1002/kjm2.12110. Epub 2019 Aug 21. [PubMed:31433556 ]
  19. Wang B, Cheng W, Zhang C, Bao Y, Zha L, Qian J, Hong L, Chen W: Self-assembled micelles based on gambogenic acid-phospholipid complex for sustained-release drug delivery. J Microencapsul. 2019 Sep;36(6):566-575. doi: 10.1080/02652048.2019.1656294. Epub 2019 Sep 4. [PubMed:31411510 ]
  20. Liu H, Chen H, Cao F, Peng D, Chen W, Zhang C: Amphiphilic Block Copolymer Poly (Acrylic Acid)-B-Polycaprolactone as a Novel pH-sensitive Nanocarrier for Anti-Cancer Drugs Delivery: In-vitro and In-vivo Evaluation. Polymers (Basel). 2019 May 7;11(5):820. doi: 10.3390/polym11050820. [PubMed:31067730 ]
  21. LOTUS database [Link]