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Record Information
Version2.0
Created at2022-09-10 14:07:41 UTC
Updated at2022-09-10 14:07:42 UTC
NP-MRD IDNP0301276
Secondary Accession NumbersNone
Natural Product Identification
Common Namedihydroavermectin b1a
Description22,23-Dihydroavermectin b1a, also known as avermectin H2b1a, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as milbemycins. These are a group of macrolides with a structure containing a 16-membered lactone ring fused to a 1,7-dioxaspiroundecane ring system and to either a benzofuran (or hydrogenated derivative thereof). In some cases (e.G. Milbemycin E), the tetrahydrofuranyl ring is missing. Milbemycins can be o-glycosylated at C13 to form Avermectins. Milbemycins are produced by Streptomyces species. 22,23-Dihydroavermectin b1a is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). 22,23-Dihydroavermectin b1a is a potentially toxic compound. Ivermectin may also impair normal intrauterine development of O. Volvulus microfilariae and may inhibit their release from the uteri of gravid female worms. While in development, it was assigned the code MK-933 by Merck. 22,23-Dihydroavermectin b1a is a component of Ivermectin, a broad-spectrum antiparasitic avermectin medicine. Avermectins cause irritation of skin and eyes, central nervous system depression (incoordination, tremors, lethargy, excitation, pupil dilation, coma), vomiting, convulsions and/or tremors, and respiratory failure at high doses. This binding causes an increase in the permeability of the cell membrane to chloride ions and results in hyperpolarization of the cell, leading to paralysis and death of the parasite. It has low solubility in water and extensive non-specific binding. It is sold under brand names Sklice and Stromectol in the United States, Ivomec in Europe by Merial Animal Health, Mectizan in Canada by Merck and Ivexterm in Mexico by Valeant Pharmaceuticals International. Adverse effects include muscle or joint pain, dizziness, fever, headache, skin rash, fast heartbeat. Ivermectin is mainly used in humans in the treatment of onchocerciasis, but is also effective against other worm infestations (such as strongyloidiasis, ascariasis, trichuriasis and enterobiasis). dihydroavermectin b1a is found in Streptomyces avermitilis. dihydroavermectin b1a was first documented in 1982 (PMID: 6125361). Route of Elimination: Ivermectin is metabolized in the liver, and ivermectin and/or its metabolites are excreted almost exclusively in the feces over an estimated 12 days, with less than 1% of the administered dose excreted in the urine (PMID: 2411323) (PMID: 6148214) (PMID: 6547280).
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
5-O-Demethyl-22,23-dihydroavermectin a1aChEBI
Avermectin H2b1aChEBI
Dihydroavermectin b1aChEBI
H2b1aChEBI
Ivermectin b1aChEBI
StromectolMeSH
Ivermectin merck brandMeSH
IvomecMeSH
MectizanMeSH
Merck brand OF ivermectinMeSH
EqvalanMeSH
Chemical FormulaC48H74O14
Average Mass875.0928 Da
Monoisotopic Mass874.50786 Da
IUPAC Name(1'R,2R,4'S,5S,6R,8'R,10'E,12'S,13'S,14'E,16'E,20'R,21'R,24'S)-6-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-21',24'-dihydroxy-12'-{[(2R,4S,5S,6S)-5-{[(2S,4S,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}-5,11',13',22'-tetramethyl-3',7',19'-trioxaspiro[oxane-2,6'-tetracyclo[15.6.1.1⁴,⁸.0²⁰,²⁴]pentacosane]-10',14',16',22'-tetraen-2'-one
Traditional Namedihydroavermectin B1a
CAS Registry NumberNot Available
SMILES
[H]\C1=C(C)/[C@@]([H])(O[C@@]2([H])C[C@]([H])(OC)[C@@]([H])(O[C@@]3([H])C[C@]([H])(OC)[C@@]([H])(O)[C@]([H])(C)O3)[C@]([H])(C)O2)[C@@]([H])(C)\C([H])=C(/[H])\C(\[H])=C2/CO[C@]3([H])[C@]([H])(O)C(C)=C[C@@]([H])(C(=O)O[C@@]4([H])C[C@@]([H])(C1)O[C@@]1(CC[C@]([H])(C)[C@]([H])(O1)[C@@]([H])(C)CC)C4)[C@]23O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C48H74O14/c1-11-25(2)43-28(5)17-18-47(62-43)23-34-20-33(61-47)16-15-27(4)42(26(3)13-12-14-32-24-55-45-40(49)29(6)19-35(46(51)58-34)48(32,45)52)59-39-22-37(54-10)44(31(8)57-39)60-38-21-36(53-9)41(50)30(7)56-38/h12-15,19,25-26,28,30-31,33-45,49-50,52H,11,16-18,20-24H2,1-10H3/b13-12+,27-15+,32-14+/t25-,26-,28-,30-,31-,33+,34-,35-,36-,37-,38-,39-,40+,41-,42-,43+,44-,45+,47+,48+/m0/s1
InChI KeyAZSNMRSAGSSBNP-XPNPUAGNSA-N
Experimental Spectra
Not Available
Predicted Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionDepositor IDDepositor OrganizationDepositorDeposition DateView
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 25 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 252 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 50 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 75 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 101 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 126 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 151 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 176 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 201 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 226 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
Chemical Shift Submissions
Not Available
Species
Species of Origin
Species NameSourceReference
Streptomyces avermitilisLOTUS Database
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as milbemycins. These are a group of macrolides with a structure containing a 16-membered lactone ring fused to a 1,7-dioxaspiroundecane ring system and to either a benzofuran (or hydrogenated derivative thereof). In some cases (e.G. Milbemycin E), the tetrahydrofuranyl ring is missing. Milbemycins can be o-glycosylated at C13 to form Avermectins. Milbemycins are produced by Streptomyces species.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassPhenylpropanoids and polyketides
ClassMacrolides and analogues
Sub ClassMilbemycins
Direct ParentMilbemycins
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Milbemycin
  • Disaccharide
  • Glycosyl compound
  • O-glycosyl compound
  • Ketal
  • Oxane
  • Tetrahydrofuran
  • Tertiary alcohol
  • Carboxylic acid ester
  • Lactone
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Acetal
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Dialkyl ether
  • Ether
  • Oxacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Organic oxide
  • Carbonyl group
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Alcohol
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP4.37ALOGPS
logP5.83ChemAxon
logS-5.2ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)12.47ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-3.4ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count13ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count3ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area170.06 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count8ChemAxon
Refractivity230.33 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability98.2 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings7ChemAxon
BioavailabilityNoChemAxon
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
HMDB IDNot Available
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FoodDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider IDNot Available
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound6321424
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID63941
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
General References
  1. Duce IR, Scott RH: Actions of dihydroavermectin B1a on insect muscle. Br J Pharmacol. 1985 Jun;85(2):395-401. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1985.tb08874.x. [PubMed:2411323 ]
  2. Miwa GT, Walsh JS, VandenHeuvel WJ, Arison B, Sestokas E, Buhs R, Rosegay A, Avermitilis S, Lu AY, Walsh MA, Walker RW, Taub R, Jacob TA: The metabolism of avermectins B1a, H2B1a, and H2B1b by liver microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos. 1982 May-Jun;10(3):268-74. [PubMed:6125361 ]
  3. Chiu SH, Sestokas E, Taub R, Smith JL, Arison B, Lu AY: The metabolism of avermectin-H2B1a and -H2B1b by pig liver microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos. 1984 Jul-Aug;12(4):464-9. [PubMed:6148214 ]
  4. Todd KS Jr, Mansfield ME, DiPietro JA: Anthelmintic efficacy of avermectin B1a and dihydroavermectin B1a against ovine gastrointestinal nematodes in 1977. Am J Vet Res. 1984 May;45(5):976-7. [PubMed:6547280 ]
  5. LOTUS database [Link]