| Record Information |
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| Version | 2.0 |
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| Created at | 2022-09-09 13:36:41 UTC |
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| Updated at | 2022-09-09 13:36:41 UTC |
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| NP-MRD ID | NP0285439 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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| Natural Product Identification |
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| Common Name | (1r,5r,9s,10s,13r,15r)-15-(acetyloxy)-5,9-dimethyl-14-methylidenetetracyclo[11.2.1.0¹,¹⁰.0⁴,⁹]hexadecane-5-carboxylic acid |
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| Description | Xylopic acid, also known as xylopate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as kaurane diterpenoids. These are diterpene alkaloids with a structure that is based on the kaurane skeleton. Kaurane is a tetracyclic compound that arises by cyclisation of a pimarane precursor followed by rearrangement. It possesses a [3,2,1]-bicyclic ring system with C15-C16 bridge connected to C13, forming the five-membered ring D. (1r,5r,9s,10s,13r,15r)-15-(acetyloxy)-5,9-dimethyl-14-methylidenetetracyclo[11.2.1.0¹,¹⁰.0⁴,⁹]hexadecane-5-carboxylic acid is found in Xylopia frutescens. (1r,5r,9s,10s,13r,15r)-15-(acetyloxy)-5,9-dimethyl-14-methylidenetetracyclo[11.2.1.0¹,¹⁰.0⁴,⁹]hexadecane-5-carboxylic acid was first documented in 2015 (PMID: 26692735). Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on Xylopic acid (PMID: 33487063) (PMID: 35746979) (PMID: 35272600) (PMID: 35260973) (PMID: 35098133) (PMID: 34824739). |
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| Structure | CC(=O)O[C@@H]1C(=C)[C@H]2C[C@@]11CCC3[C@@](C)(CCC[C@@]3(C)C(O)=O)[C@@H]1CC2 InChI=1S/C22H32O4/c1-13-15-6-7-17-20(3)9-5-10-21(4,19(24)25)16(20)8-11-22(17,12-15)18(13)26-14(2)23/h15-18H,1,5-12H2,2-4H3,(H,24,25)/t15-,16?,17+,18-,20-,21-,22-/m1/s1 |
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| Synonyms | | Value | Source |
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| Xylopate | Generator | | 15-Acetoxykaur-16-en-18-Oic acid | MeSH |
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| Chemical Formula | C22H32O4 |
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| Average Mass | 360.4940 Da |
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| Monoisotopic Mass | 360.23006 Da |
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| IUPAC Name | (1R,5R,9S,10S,13R,15R)-15-(acetyloxy)-5,9-dimethyl-14-methylidenetetracyclo[11.2.1.0^{1,10}.0^{4,9}]hexadecane-5-carboxylic acid |
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| Traditional Name | (1R,5R,9S,10S,13R,15R)-15-(acetyloxy)-5,9-dimethyl-14-methylidenetetracyclo[11.2.1.0^{1,10}.0^{4,9}]hexadecane-5-carboxylic acid |
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| CAS Registry Number | Not Available |
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| SMILES | CC(=O)O[C@@H]1C(=C)[C@H]2C[C@@]11CCC3[C@@](C)(CCC[C@@]3(C)C(O)=O)[C@@H]1CC2 |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C22H32O4/c1-13-15-6-7-17-20(3)9-5-10-21(4,19(24)25)16(20)8-11-22(17,12-15)18(13)26-14(2)23/h15-18H,1,5-12H2,2-4H3,(H,24,25)/t15-,16?,17+,18-,20-,21-,22-/m1/s1 |
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| InChI Key | AQBQBBLJTDSVLC-GLVCVKOLSA-N |
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| Experimental Spectra |
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| Not Available | | Predicted Spectra |
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| | Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor ID | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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| 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 25 MHz, H2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, H2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 252 MHz, H2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, H2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 50 MHz, H2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, H2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 75 MHz, H2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, H2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 101 MHz, H2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 126 MHz, H2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 151 MHz, H2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 176 MHz, H2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 201 MHz, H2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, H2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 226 MHz, H2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, H2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| | Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Not Available | | Species |
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| Species of Origin | |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as kaurane diterpenoids. These are diterpene alkaloids with a structure that is based on the kaurane skeleton. Kaurane is a tetracyclic compound that arises by cyclisation of a pimarane precursor followed by rearrangement. It possesses a [3,2,1]-bicyclic ring system with C15-C16 bridge connected to C13, forming the five-membered ring D. |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Lipids and lipid-like molecules |
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| Class | Prenol lipids |
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| Sub Class | Diterpenoids |
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| Direct Parent | Kaurane diterpenoids |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Kaurane diterpenoid
- Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Carboxylic acid ester
- Carboxylic acid
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organic oxide
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organooxygen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Aliphatic homopolycyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aliphatic homopolycyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | Not Available |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Not Available |
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| Experimental Properties | | Property | Value | Reference |
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| Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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| Predicted Properties | |
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| General References | - Soh D, Ernestine N, Tchana Satchet EM, Defokou UD, Schneider B, Giovanni V, Nyasse B: Antiproliferative activity of semisynthetic xylopic acid derivatives. Nat Prod Res. 2022 Mar;36(5):1288-1295. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1876045. Epub 2021 Jan 25. [PubMed:33487063 ]
- Koomson AE, Kukuia KKE, Amoateng P, Biney RP, Tagoe TA, Mensah JA, Ameyaw EO, Torbi J, Amponsah SK: Extract of Xylopia aethiopica and its kaurene diterpene, xylopic acid, improve learning and memory in mice. IBRO Neurosci Rep. 2022 Mar 29;12:249-259. doi: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.03.006. eCollection 2022 Jun. [PubMed:35746979 ]
- Osafo N, Antwi AO, Otu-Boakye S: Xylopic Acid Suppresses Adjuvant-induced Arthritis in Sprague Dawley Rats via Reduction in Serum Levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem. 2022;21(1):46-61. doi: 10.2174/1871523021666220310094218. [PubMed:35272600 ]
- Boakye YD, Osafo N, Oppong-Kyekyeku J, Abotsi WKM, Boakye-Gyasi E, Heiss E, Agyare C: Regulation of Nrf2 and NF-kappaB activities may contribute to the anti-inflammatory mechanism of xylopic acid. Inflammopharmacology. 2022 Oct;30(5):1835-1841. doi: 10.1007/s10787-022-00950-y. Epub 2022 Mar 8. [PubMed:35260973 ]
- Agbenyeku MA, Appiah-Opong R, Obese E, Biney RP, Adakudugu EA, Forkuo AD, Osei SA, Abeka MK, Ameyaw EO: In Vitro and In Vivo Effect of Xylopic Acid on Cytochrome P450 Enzymes. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci. 2022 Jan 21;2022:4524877. doi: 10.1155/2022/4524877. eCollection 2022. [PubMed:35098133 ]
- Oso BJ, Olaoye IF, Omeike SO: Molecular Docking and ADMET Prediction of Natural Compounds towards SARS Spike Glycoprotein-Human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 and SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease. Arch Razi Inst. 2021 Sep 1;76(3):453-459. doi: 10.22092/ari.2020.351202.1517. eCollection 2021 Summer. [PubMed:34824739 ]
- Biney RP, Benneh CK, Adongo DW, Ameyaw EO, Woode E: Evidence of an antidepressant-like effect of xylopic acid mediated by serotonergic mechanisms. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2021 Aug;238(8):2105-2120. doi: 10.1007/s00213-021-05835-6. Epub 2021 Apr 10. [PubMed:33837810 ]
- Osei SA, Biney RP, Obese E, Agbenyeku MA, Attah IY, Ameyaw EO, Boampong JN: Xylopic acid-amodiaquine and xylopic acid-artesunate combinations are effective in managing malaria in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Malar J. 2021 Feb 25;20(1):113. doi: 10.1186/s12936-021-03658-6. [PubMed:33632233 ]
- Alolga RN, Opoku-Damoah Y, Alagpulinsa DA, Huang FQ, Ma G, Chavez Leon MASC, Kudzai C, Yin X, Ding Y: Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of the anti-rheumatoid arthritis potential of xylopic acid in a bioinspired lipoprotein nanoformulation. Biomaterials. 2021 Jan;268:120482. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120482. Epub 2020 Nov 27. [PubMed:33307367 ]
- Kyekyeku JO, Asare-Nkansah S, Bekoe SO, Sezgin S, Adosraku RK, Spiteller M: MALDI-HRMS imaging and HPLC-HRESI-MS(n) characterisation of kaurane diterpenes in the fruits of Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich (Annonaceae). Phytochem Anal. 2020 May;31(3):349-354. doi: 10.1002/pca.2901. Epub 2019 Dec 24. [PubMed:31875345 ]
- Osafo N, Obiri DD, Danquah KO, Essel LB, Antwi AO: Potential effects of xylopic acid on acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2019 Aug;30(8):732-744. doi: 10.5152/tjg.2019.18389. [PubMed:31418418 ]
- Osafo N, Obiri DD, Antwi AO, Yeboah OK: The acute anti-inflammatory action of xylopic acid isolated from Xylopia aethiopica. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2018 Nov 27;29(6):659-669. doi: 10.1515/jbcpp-2018-0019. [PubMed:30052517 ]
- Ameyaw EO, Asmah KB, Biney RP, Henneh IT, Owusu-Agyei P, Prah J, Forkuo AD: Isobolographic analysis of co-administration of two plant-derived antiplasmodial drug candidates, cryptolepine and xylopic acid, in Plasmodium berghei. Malar J. 2018 Apr 4;17(1):153. doi: 10.1186/s12936-018-2283-8. [PubMed:29618354 ]
- Ekuadzi E, Biney RP, Benneh CK, Osei Amankwaa B, Jato J: Antiinflammatory properties of betulinic acid and xylopic acid in the carrageenan-induced pleurisy model of lung inflammation in mice. Phytother Res. 2018 Mar;32(3):480-487. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5993. Epub 2017 Dec 15. [PubMed:29243291 ]
- Woode E, Ameyaw EO, Boakye-Gyasi E, Abotsi WK, Oppong Kyekyeku J, Adosraku R, Biney RP: Effects of an ethanol extract and the diterpene, xylopic acid, of Xylopia aethiopica fruits in murine models of musculoskeletal pain. Pharm Biol. 2016 Dec;54(12):2978-2986. doi: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1199040. Epub 2016 Jul 18. [PubMed:27430751 ]
- Woode E, Ameyaw EO, Abotsi WK, Boakye-Gyasi E: An isobolographic analysis of the antinociceptive effect of xylopic acid in combination with morphine or diclofenac. J Basic Clin Pharm. 2015 Sep;6(4):103-8. doi: 10.4103/0976-0105.168055. [PubMed:26692735 ]
- LOTUS database [Link]
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