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Record Information
Version2.0
Created at2022-09-09 00:46:59 UTC
Updated at2022-09-09 00:46:59 UTC
NP-MRD IDNP0276574
Secondary Accession NumbersNone
Natural Product Identification
Common Name1,8-dihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-10-[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]-10h-anthracen-9-one
DescriptionAloin belongs to the class of organic compounds known as anthracenes. These are organic compounds containing a system of three linearly fused benzene rings. 1,8-dihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-10-[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]-10h-anthracen-9-one is found in Aloe arborescens, Aloe excelsa and Aloe vera. 1,8-dihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-10-[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]-10h-anthracen-9-one was first documented in 2022 (PMID: 35185568). Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on aloin (PMID: 35975594) (PMID: 35739955) (PMID: 35890383) (PMID: 35408722) (PMID: 35335294) (PMID: 36076485).
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
Aloin bMeSH
AlloinMeSH
Aloin aMeSH
Chemical FormulaC21H22O9
Average Mass418.3980 Da
Monoisotopic Mass418.12638 Da
IUPAC Name1,8-dihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]-9,10-dihydroanthracen-9-one
Traditional Name1,8-dihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]-10H-anthracen-9-one
CAS Registry NumberNot Available
SMILES
OC[C@H]1O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O)C1C2=CC=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C2=C(O)C=C(CO)C=C12
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C21H22O9/c22-6-8-4-10-14(21-20(29)19(28)17(26)13(7-23)30-21)9-2-1-3-11(24)15(9)18(27)16(10)12(25)5-8/h1-5,13-14,17,19-26,28-29H,6-7H2/t13-,14?,17-,19-,20-,21+/m1/s1
InChI KeyAFHJQYHRLPMKHU-NQDHUJCSSA-N
Experimental Spectra
Not Available
Predicted Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionDepositor IDDepositor OrganizationDepositorDeposition DateView
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 25 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 252 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 50 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 75 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 101 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 126 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 151 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 176 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 201 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 226 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
Chemical Shift Submissions
Not Available
Species
Species of Origin
Species NameSourceReference
Aloe arborescensLOTUS Database
Aloe excelsaLOTUS Database
Aloe veraLOTUS Database
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as anthracenes. These are organic compounds containing a system of three linearly fused benzene rings.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassBenzenoids
ClassAnthracenes
Sub ClassNot Available
Direct ParentAnthracenes
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Anthracene
  • Hexose monosaccharide
  • Glycosyl compound
  • C-glycosyl compound
  • Aryl ketone
  • 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid
  • 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
  • Oxane
  • Monosaccharide
  • Vinylogous acid
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Ketone
  • Oxacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Polyol
  • Ether
  • Dialkyl ether
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Aromatic alcohol
  • Primary alcohol
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Alcohol
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP0.41ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Acidic)8.31ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-2.9ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count9ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count7ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area167.91 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count3ChemAxon
Refractivity103.79 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability40.89 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings4ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
HMDB IDNot Available
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FoodDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDC00002797
Chemspider ID65792883
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkAloin
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound129628814
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
General References
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  2. Kong XY, Chen TT, Zhang HW, Jia HM, Yu M, Zou ZM: Characterization of the metabolism of aloin A/B and aloesin in rats using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr. 2022 Dec;36(12):e5483. doi: 10.1002/bmc.5483. Epub 2022 Sep 9. [PubMed:35975594 ]
  3. Solaberrieta I, Jimenez A, Garrigos MC: Valorization of Aloe vera Skin By-Products to Obtain Bioactive Compounds by Microwave-Assisted Extraction: Antioxidant Activity and Chemical Composition. Antioxidants (Basel). 2022 May 26;11(6):1058. doi: 10.3390/antiox11061058. [PubMed:35739955 ]
  4. Pawlowicz K, Paczkowska-Walendowska M, Osmalek T, Cielecka-Piontek J: Towards the Preparation of a Hydrogel from Lyophilisates of the Aloe arborescens Aqueous Extract. Pharmaceutics. 2022 Jul 18;14(7):1489. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071489. [PubMed:35890383 ]
  5. Pawlowicz K, Sip S, Plech T, Kapron B, Kobus-Cisowska J, Cielecka-Piontek J: Aloe arborescens: In Vitro Screening of Genotoxicity, Effective Inhibition of Enzyme Characteristics for Disease Etiology, and Microbiological Activity. Molecules. 2022 Apr 3;27(7):2323. doi: 10.3390/molecules27072323. [PubMed:35408722 ]
  6. Loschi F, Faggian M, Sut S, Ferrarese I, Maccari E, Peron G, Dall'Acqua S: Development of an LC-DAD-MS-Based Method for the Analysis of Hydroxyanthracene Derivatives in Food Supplements and Plant Materials. Molecules. 2022 Mar 16;27(6):1932. doi: 10.3390/molecules27061932. [PubMed:35335294 ]
  7. Yang Y, Wu JJ, Xia J, Wan Y, Xu JF, Zhang L, Liu D, Chen L, Tang F, Ao H, Peng C: Can aloin develop to medicines or healthcare products? Biomed Pharmacother. 2022 Sep;153:113421. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113421. Epub 2022 Aug 6. [PubMed:36076485 ]
  8. Jiang H, Shi GF, Fang YX, Liu YQ, Wang Q, Zheng X, Zhang DJ, Zhang J, Yin ZQ: Aloin A prevents ulcerative colitis in mice by enhancing the intestinal barrier function via suppressing the Notch signaling pathway. Phytomedicine. 2022 Nov;106:154403. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154403. Epub 2022 Aug 19. [PubMed:36075180 ]
  9. Xiao D, Wang J, Zhong Y, Sun H, Wang M, Wang X, Ding Y, Li Y, Wang Y: Study on HPLC Fingerprint, Network Pharmacology, and Antifungal Activity of Rumex japonicus Houtt. J AOAC Int. 2022 Oct 26;105(6):1741-1754. doi: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsac079. [PubMed:35876857 ]
  10. Berti FV, Porto LM: Building Mathematical Models for Vascular Growth and Inhibition. Methods Mol Biol. 2022;2514:163-176. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2403-6_16. [PubMed:35771428 ]
  11. Gao J, Yang S, Xie G, Pan J, Zhu F: Integrating Network Pharmacology and Experimental Verification to Explore the Pharmacological Mechanisms of Aloin Against Gastric Cancer. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2022 Jun 20;16:1947-1961. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S360790. eCollection 2022. [PubMed:35757520 ]
  12. Sadiq U, Gill H, Chandrapala J: Temperature and pH Stability of Anthraquinones from Native Aloe vera Gel, Spray-Dried and Freeze-Dried Aloe vera Powders during Storage. Foods. 2022 May 30;11(11):1613. doi: 10.3390/foods11111613. [PubMed:35681363 ]
  13. Sharma R, Burang G, Kumar S, Sharma YP, Kumar V: Optimization of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) blended Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis M.) based low-calorie beverage functionally enriched with aonla juice (Phyllanthus emblica L.). J Food Sci Technol. 2022 May;59(5):2013-2024. doi: 10.1007/s13197-021-05216-z. Epub 2021 Aug 1. [PubMed:35531412 ]
  14. Cuvas-Limon RB, Ferreira-Santos P, Cruz M, Teixeira JA, Belmares R, Nobre C: Novel Bio-Functional Aloe vera Beverages Fermented by Probiotic Enterococcus faecium and Lactobacillus lactis. Molecules. 2022 Apr 12;27(8):2473. doi: 10.3390/molecules27082473. [PubMed:35458671 ]
  15. Meena VK, Kumar V, Karalia S, Dangi RS, Sundd M: Structural and mechanistic insights into modulation of alpha-Synuclein fibril formation by aloin and emodin. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj. 2022 Jul;1866(7):130151. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130151. Epub 2022 Apr 11. [PubMed:35421539 ]
  16. Lopez Z, Salazar Zuniga MN, Femenia A, Acevedo-Hernandez GJ, Godinez Flores JA, Cano ME, Knauth P: Dry but Not Humid Thermal Processing of Aloe vera Gel Promotes Cytotoxicity on Human Intestinal Cells HT-29. Foods. 2022 Mar 3;11(5):745. doi: 10.3390/foods11050745. [PubMed:35267378 ]
  17. Lewis DSM, Ho J, Wills S, Kawall A, Sharma A, Chavada K, Ebert MCCJC, Evoli S, Singh A, Rayalam S, Mody V, Taval S: Aloin isoforms (A and B) selectively inhibits proteolytic and deubiquitinating activity of papain like protease (PLpro) of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Sci Rep. 2022 Feb 9;12(1):2145. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-06104-y. [PubMed:35140265 ]
  18. Jangra A, Sharma G, Sihag S, Chhokar V: The dark side of miracle plant-Aloe vera: a review. Mol Biol Rep. 2022 Jun;49(6):5029-5040. doi: 10.1007/s11033-022-07176-9. Epub 2022 Jan 29. [PubMed:35092563 ]
  19. Westermann M, Adomako-Bonsu AG, Thiele S, Cicek SS, Martin HJ, Maser E: Inhibition of human carbonyl reducing enzymes by plant anthrone and anthraquinone derivatives. Chem Biol Interact. 2022 Feb 25;354:109823. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109823. Epub 2022 Jan 21. [PubMed:35065925 ]
  20. LOTUS database [Link]