| Record Information |
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| Version | 2.0 |
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| Created at | 2022-09-08 15:43:10 UTC |
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| Updated at | 2022-09-08 15:43:11 UTC |
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| NP-MRD ID | NP0270045 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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| Natural Product Identification |
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| Common Name | 4-methyl-3-{2,8,13-trihydroxy-13-[5-(1-hydroxytridecyl)oxolan-2-yl]tridecyl}-5h-furan-2-one |
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| Description | Annonacin, also known as howiicin a, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty alcohols. These are fatty alcohols that have an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbon atoms. The LD50 of annonacin is 0.018 μM to dopaminergic neurons, and it is the damage done to these neurons that results in the neurodegenerative effects of the toxin. Annonacin has been linked to the abnormally high incidence of progressive supranuclear palsy as well as atypical Parkinsonism in the Caribbean island of Guadeloupe where consumption of fruits such as the soursop (Annona muricata) is common. Use of annonacin products in Guadeloupe often lasts from early childhood through old age, and daily consumption is not uncommon.It was discovered in Guadeloupe that atypical Parkinsonism was predominant in elderly males, who regularly consume annonacin-containing herbal teas. Annonacin is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Outside of the human body, Annonacin has been detected, but not quantified in, fruits. This could make annonacin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Annonacin is a potentially lethal neurotoxin. Based on basic polyketide synthesis, the biosynthesis of annonacin is likely accomplished by a modular polyketide synthase (PKS). An average-sized soursop fruit contains 15 mg of annonacin, while a can of commercial nectar contains 36 mg and a cup of infusion, 140 μg. 4-methyl-3-{2,8,13-trihydroxy-13-[5-(1-hydroxytridecyl)oxolan-2-yl]tridecyl}-5h-furan-2-one is found in Annona muricata. These include the acyl carrier protein (ACP), acetyl transferase (AT), ketosynthase (KS), malonyl transferase (MT; which can come carrying a variety of functionalities), ketoreductase (KR), dehydratase (DH), and enoyl reductase (ER). |
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| Structure | CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)C1CCC(O1)C(O)CCCCC(O)CCCCCC(O)CC1=C(C)COC1=O InChI=1S/C35H64O7/c1-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-15-21-31(38)33-23-24-34(42-33)32(39)22-17-16-19-28(36)18-13-12-14-20-29(37)25-30-27(2)26-41-35(30)40/h28-29,31-34,36-39H,3-26H2,1-2H3 |
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| Synonyms | | Value | Source |
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| Annonacin 1 | HMDB | | Howiicin a | HMDB |
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| Chemical Formula | C35H64O7 |
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| Average Mass | 596.8785 Da |
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| Monoisotopic Mass | 596.46520 Da |
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| IUPAC Name | 4-methyl-3-{2,8,13-trihydroxy-13-[5-(1-hydroxytridecyl)oxolan-2-yl]tridecyl}-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one |
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| Traditional Name | 4-methyl-3-{2,8,13-trihydroxy-13-[5-(1-hydroxytridecyl)oxolan-2-yl]tridecyl}-5H-furan-2-one |
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| CAS Registry Number | Not Available |
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| SMILES | CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)C1CCC(O1)C(O)CCCCC(O)CCCCCC(O)CC1=C(C)COC1=O |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C35H64O7/c1-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-15-21-31(38)33-23-24-34(42-33)32(39)22-17-16-19-28(36)18-13-12-14-20-29(37)25-30-27(2)26-41-35(30)40/h28-29,31-34,36-39H,3-26H2,1-2H3 |
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| InChI Key | FZKCHWNHNWJHIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| Experimental Spectra |
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| Not Available | | Predicted Spectra |
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| | Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor ID | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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| 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 25 MHz, H2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, H2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 252 MHz, H2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, H2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 50 MHz, H2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, H2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 75 MHz, H2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, H2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 101 MHz, H2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 126 MHz, H2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 151 MHz, H2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 176 MHz, H2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 201 MHz, H2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, H2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 226 MHz, H2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, H2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| | Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Not Available | | Species |
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| Species of Origin | |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty alcohols. These are fatty alcohols that have an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbon atoms. |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Lipids and lipid-like molecules |
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| Class | Fatty Acyls |
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| Sub Class | Fatty alcohols |
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| Direct Parent | Long-chain fatty alcohols |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Long chain fatty alcohol
- 2-furanone
- Dihydrofuran
- Tetrahydrofuran
- Enoate ester
- Alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester
- Carboxylic acid ester
- Lactone
- Secondary alcohol
- Polyol
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Ether
- Dialkyl ether
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Oxacycle
- Organoheterocyclic compound
- Organooxygen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organic oxide
- Alcohol
- Carbonyl group
- Organic oxygen compound
- Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | Not Available |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Not Available |
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| Experimental Properties | | Property | Value | Reference |
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| Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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| Predicted Properties | |
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