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Record Information
Version2.0
Created at2022-09-08 15:43:10 UTC
Updated at2022-09-08 15:43:11 UTC
NP-MRD IDNP0270045
Secondary Accession NumbersNone
Natural Product Identification
Common Name4-methyl-3-{2,8,13-trihydroxy-13-[5-(1-hydroxytridecyl)oxolan-2-yl]tridecyl}-5h-furan-2-one
DescriptionAnnonacin, also known as howiicin a, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty alcohols. These are fatty alcohols that have an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbon atoms. The LD50 of annonacin is 0.018 μM to dopaminergic neurons, and it is the damage done to these neurons that results in the neurodegenerative effects of the toxin. Annonacin has been linked to the abnormally high incidence of progressive supranuclear palsy as well as atypical Parkinsonism in the Caribbean island of Guadeloupe where consumption of fruits such as the soursop (Annona muricata) is common. Use of annonacin products in Guadeloupe often lasts from early childhood through old age, and daily consumption is not uncommon.It was discovered in Guadeloupe that atypical Parkinsonism was predominant in elderly males, who regularly consume annonacin-containing herbal teas. Annonacin is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Outside of the human body, Annonacin has been detected, but not quantified in, fruits. This could make annonacin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Annonacin is a potentially lethal neurotoxin. Based on basic polyketide synthesis, the biosynthesis of annonacin is likely accomplished by a modular polyketide synthase (PKS). An average-sized soursop fruit contains 15 mg of annonacin, while a can of commercial nectar contains 36 mg and a cup of infusion, 140 μg. 4-methyl-3-{2,8,13-trihydroxy-13-[5-(1-hydroxytridecyl)oxolan-2-yl]tridecyl}-5h-furan-2-one is found in Annona muricata. These include the acyl carrier protein (ACP), acetyl transferase (AT), ketosynthase (KS), malonyl transferase (MT; which can come carrying a variety of functionalities), ketoreductase (KR), dehydratase (DH), and enoyl reductase (ER).
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
Annonacin 1HMDB
Howiicin aHMDB
Chemical FormulaC35H64O7
Average Mass596.8785 Da
Monoisotopic Mass596.46520 Da
IUPAC Name4-methyl-3-{2,8,13-trihydroxy-13-[5-(1-hydroxytridecyl)oxolan-2-yl]tridecyl}-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one
Traditional Name4-methyl-3-{2,8,13-trihydroxy-13-[5-(1-hydroxytridecyl)oxolan-2-yl]tridecyl}-5H-furan-2-one
CAS Registry NumberNot Available
SMILES
CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)C1CCC(O1)C(O)CCCCC(O)CCCCCC(O)CC1=C(C)COC1=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C35H64O7/c1-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-15-21-31(38)33-23-24-34(42-33)32(39)22-17-16-19-28(36)18-13-12-14-20-29(37)25-30-27(2)26-41-35(30)40/h28-29,31-34,36-39H,3-26H2,1-2H3
InChI KeyFZKCHWNHNWJHIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Experimental Spectra
Not Available
Predicted Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionDepositor IDDepositor OrganizationDepositorDeposition DateView
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 25 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 252 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 50 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 75 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 101 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 126 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 151 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 176 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 201 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 226 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
Chemical Shift Submissions
Not Available
Species
Species of Origin
Species NameSourceReference
Annona muricataLOTUS Database
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty alcohols. These are fatty alcohols that have an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbon atoms.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassFatty Acyls
Sub ClassFatty alcohols
Direct ParentLong-chain fatty alcohols
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Long chain fatty alcohol
  • 2-furanone
  • Dihydrofuran
  • Tetrahydrofuran
  • Enoate ester
  • Alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester
  • Carboxylic acid ester
  • Lactone
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Polyol
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Ether
  • Dialkyl ether
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Oxacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Alcohol
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP5.99ALOGPS
logP7.53ChemAxon
logS-5.5ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)13.85ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-1.3ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count6ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count4ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area116.45 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count26ChemAxon
Refractivity169.21 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability74.47 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings2ChemAxon
BioavailabilityNoChemAxon
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
HMDB IDHMDB0033327
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FoodDB IDFDB021500
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider IDNot Available
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkAnnonacin
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound131751411
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
General References
  1. LOTUS database [Link]