| Description | Exo-Dehydrochalepin belongs to the class of organic compounds known as psoralens. These are organic compounds containing a psoralen moiety, which consists of a furan fused to a chromenone to for 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one. Exo-Dehydrochalepin is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Outside of the human body, exo-Dehydrochalepin has been detected, but not quantified in, herbs and spices. 2-{[1-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-9a,11a-dimethyl-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,6h,7h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-7-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol is found in Abies koreana, Vachellia pennatula, Acaena splendens, Acanthus ilicifolius, Acer mandshuricum, Achillea ageratum, Achillea millefolium, Achlys triphylla, Spilanthes paniculata, Aconitum japonicum, Aconitum karakolicum, Acorus calamus, Acritopappus longifolius, Actaea cimicifuga, Actinidia chinensis, Adenophora stricta, Adenophora triphylla, Justicia adhatoda, Aegle marmelos, Tagetes erecta, Aglaia elliptica, Aglaia foveolata, Aglaia odorata, Aglaia rubiginosa, Aglaomorpha quercifolia, Ailanthus altissima, Ailanthus triphysa, Ajania fruticulosa, Ajania nubigena, Ajuga taiwanensis, Alangium platanifolium, Alchornea laxiflora, Allagopappus dichotomus, Allagopappus viscosissimus, Allium cepa, Allium chinense, Allium fistulosum, Allium victorialis, Alnus japonica, Aloe vera, Alpinia pinnanensis, Alpinia roxburghii, Amaranthus spinosus, Amsonia tomentosa, Anaphalis lactea, Anastatica hierochuntica, Annona cherimola, Annona glabra, Annona montana, Annona purpurea, Arachis hypogaea, Arachniodes standishii, Aralia elata, Aralia leschenaultii, Arctostaphylos patula, Ardisia elliptica, Arenaria kansuensis, Aristolochia chamissonis, Aristolochia cucurbitifolia, Aristolochia elegans, Aristolochia heterophylla, Aristolochia kaempferi, Aristolochia liukiuensis, Aristolochia manshuriensis, Artemisia arborescens, Artemisia eriopoda, Artemisia feddei, Artemisia giraldii, Artemisia herba-alba, Artemisia igniaria, Artemisia keiskeana, Artemisia phaeolepis, Artemisia sieversiana, Artemisia vestita, Arum italicum, Arundo donax, Asimina parviflora, Asparagus adscendens, Asparagus officinalis, Asplenium indicum, Aster koraiensis, Asteriscus sericeus, Astilbe chinensis, Astilbe rubra, Astragalus coluteocarpus, Astragalus macropus, Astragalus mongholicus, Astragalus schahrudensis, Astragalus sieversianus, Astragalus tragacantha, Atropa acuminata, Azadirachta indica, Bacopa monnieri, Picradeniopsis pringlei, Bauhinia forficata, Bauhinia purpurea, Begonia malabarica, Begonia nantoensis, Berchemia pakistanica, Berchemia racemosa, Betula alnoides, Bidens bipinnata, Biebersteinia heterostemon, Bituminaria bituminosa, Boerhavia diffusa, Bombax ceiba, Borassus flabellifer, Boschniakia rossica, Brandisia hancei, Breynia fruticosa, Brosimum gaudichaudii, Bruguiera gymnorhiza, Bryonia alba, Bulbophyllum odoratissimum, Bursera graveolens, Bursera tonkinensis, Byrsonima crassifolia, Calophyllum polyanthum, Calycanthus chinensis, Calyptranthes pallens, Camellia japonica, Campylospermum flavum, Capparis spinosa, Caraipa densifolia, Carpesium longifolium, Carpesium macrocephalum, Carthamus mareoticus, Carthamus tinctorius, Caryopteris tangutica, Casearia membranacea, Cassia fistula, Cassytha filiformis, Castanopsis fissa, Cedrelopsis grevei, Cedrus deodara, Ceiba pentandra, Celastrus flagellaris, Celosia argentea, Centaurea arenaria, Centaurea aspera, Centaurea cadmea, Centaurea horrida, Centaurea jacea, Centaurea regia, Centella asiatica, Centrosema molle, Chaenomeles japonica, Chamaecyparis formosensis, Chenopodium ficifolium, Chenopodium vulvaria, Chione venosa, Chromolaena odorata, Chrysosplenium flagelliferum, Cinnamomum camphora, Cinnamomum kotoense, Cinnamomum subavenium, Cirsium palustre, Cistanche salsa, Citrullus colocynthis, Citrus hystrix, Citrus japonica, Clausena excavata, Clerodendrum colebrookianum, Clusia nemorosa, Coelogyne ovalis, Coniogramme japonica, Conyza bonariensis, Corchorus capsularis, Corchorus depressus, Cordia oncocalyx, Cordia trichotoma, Cornus capitata, Corymbia citriodora, Crataegus flava, Crateva religiosa, Cratoxylum cochinchinense, Cremanthodium discoideum, Cremastra appendiculata, Crepis capillaris, Crinum asiaticum, Croton cajucara, Croton glabellus, Croton laevigatus, Croton lechleri, Croton urucurana, Cryptolepis obtusa, Cucumis sativus, Cullen corylifolium, Cuphea wrightii, Curculigo orchioides, Cyathula officinalis, Cyclospermum leptophyllum, Cydonia oblonga, Cymbopogon martinii, Cynanchum bungei, Cynara humilis, Cynomorium songaricum, Dalbergia lanceolaria, Datisca glomerata, Decaneuropsis cumingiana, Delphinium venulosum, Dendrobium cariniferum, Dendrobium catenatum, Dendrobium chryseum, Dendrobium longicornu, Dendrobium thyrsiflorum, Desmostachya bipinnata, Deutzia corymbosa, Dialium excelsum, Dianthus chinensis, Dimocarpus fumatus, Dioscorea bulbifera, Dioscorea membranacea, Dioscorea oppositifolia, Dioscorea spongiosa, Dischidia formosana, Dodonaea viscosa, Dorstenia barteri, Dorstenia brasiliensis, Dorstenia elliptica, Dorstenia mannii, Dorstenia prorepens, Dorstenia psilurus, Dracaena cochinchinensis, Duhaldea cappa, Duranta erecta, Eleusine indica, Eleutherococcus brachypus, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus, Elliottia paniculata, Elsholtzia ciliata, Embelia ribes, Enkianthus campanulatus, Enkianthus cernuus, Eremurus chinensis, Erigeron canadensis, Eriogonum umbellatum, Tabernaemontana divaricata, Erythrina sigmoidea, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus saligna, Euchresta formosana, Tetradium glabrifolium, Tetradium daniellii, Euphorbia aleppica, Euphorbia altotibetica, Euphorbia boetica, Euphorbia dendroides, Euphorbia ebracteolata, Euphorbia kansui, Euphorbia macroclada, Euphorbia petiolata, Euptelea polyandra, Eurycoma longifolia, Evolvulus nummularius, Eysenhardtia platycarpa, Fatsia japonica, Fibraurea tinctoria, Ficus conraui, Ficus glumosa, Ficus lyrata, Ficus microcarpa, Ficus mucuso, Ficus pandurata, Ficus polita, Ficus pumila, Ficus sagittata, Flacourtia indica, Flemingia stricta, Flueggea tinctoria, Flueggea virosa, Foeniculum vulgare, Forsythia suspensa, Fraxinus malacophylla, Fraxinus ornus, Fritillaria verticillata, Galega officinalis, Galphimia glauca, Ganoderma applanatum, Garcinia griffithii, Gastrodia elata, Gentiana algida, Gentiana lutea, Gentiana macrophylla, Gentiana scabra, Gentiana siphonantha, Gentiana tibetica, Glochidion zeylanicum, Gnetum montanum, Gnetum pendulum, Goniothalamus sesquipedalis, Gonocaryum calleryanum, Tanacetum ferulaceum, Grewia bicolor, Guaiacum officinale, Guapira graciliflora, Guilandina bonduc, Gymnopetalum integrifolium, Gynura japonica, Halenia elliptica, Halimodendron halodendron, Halocharis hispida, Harrisonia perforata, Hebanthe eriantha, Hedera nepalensis, Hedera rhombea, Hedychium coronarium, Helianthus radula, Helichrysum arenarium, Helichrysum stoechas, Helwingia chinensis, Schefflera venulosa, Hibiscus moscheutos, Hibiscus taiwanensis, Hoodia gordonii, Houttuynia cordata, Humulus lupulus, Hydrangea chinensis, Hydrastis canadensis, Hymenaea martiana, Hymenidium davidii, Hymenodictyon floribundum, Hyoscyamus niger, Hypericum erectum, Hypericum geminiflorum, Hypericum monogynum, Hyptis brevipes, Mesosphaerum suaveolens, Icacina oliviformis, Incarvillea delavayi, Inula grantioides, Inula japonica, Iostephane heterophylla, Iphiona scabra, Ipomoea nil, Iresine diffusa, Iris domestica, Isodon angustifolius, Isodon japonicus, Isodon phyllostachys, Isodon rubescens, Isodon umbrosus, Ixora coccinea, Jatropha maheshwarii, Juncus effusus, Juniperus formosana, Himalaiella deltoidea, Justicia flava, Kadsura coccinea, Kadsura heteroclita, Kaempferia angustifolia, Khaya anthotheca, Khaya senegalensis, Koenigia coriaria, Krameria bicolor, Lactuca sativa, Lagerstroemia speciosa, Lagotis yunnanensis, Lantana camara, Lantana strigocamara, Laportea ovalifolia, Lavandula canariensis, Lawsonia inermis, Leontopodium nanum, Lepechinia caulescens, Leptopus chinensis, Leucas inflata, Leucosceptrum stellipilum, Levisticum officinale, Liatris aspera, Licania pyrifolia, Licaria triandra, Ligularia atroviolacea, Ligularia dolichobotrys, Ligularia hodgsonii, Ligularia intermedia, Ligularia sagitta, Ligularia tongolensis, Ligusticum porteri, Ligustrum obtusifolium, Limonium axillare, Lindera communis, Lindera glauca, Liriope spicata, Lonicera hypoleuca, Lotus creticus, Lupinus pubescens, Lysimachia japonica, Dolichandra unguis-cati, Machilus zuihoensis, Macrococculus pomiferus, Maesopsis eminii, Magnolia grandiflora, Magnolia odora, Magnolia sieboldii, Mallotus apelta, Mallotus repandus, Mandevilla hirsuta, Mandevilla martiana, Mandragora officinarum, Mangifera indica, Manilkara hexandra, Maquira coriacea, Marrubium anisodon, Matricaria chamomilla, Gymnosporia diversifolia, Melia azedarach, Melicope micrococca, Melochia tomentosa, Mimosa tenuiflora, Mimusops elengi, Mirabilis himalaica, Fleroya stipulosa, Molineria capitulata, Glinus oppositifolius, Monochaetum vulcanicum, Morinda citrifolia, Morus insignis, Mosla dianthera, Mosla soochowensis, Musa paradisiaca, Mutisia acerosa, Myrianthus arboreus, Nardostachys jatamansi, Nauclea orientalis, Nealchornea yapurensis, Nelumbo nucifera, Neolitsea hiiranensis, Nepeta tuberosa, Newbouldia laevis, Nicotiana glauca, Nothapodytes nimmoniana, Hansenia forbesii, Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, Nymphaea elegans, Ochna afzelii, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Oenothera biennis, Oldenlandia corymbosa, Oldenlandia herbacea, Onychium japonicum, Ophiopogon intermedius, Ophiopogon japonicus, Ophiopogon planiscapus, Ophiorrhiza kuroiwae, Ophiorrhiza liukiuensis, Ophiorrhiza pumila, Dactylorhiza hatagirea, Oreocnide frutescens, Osbeckia chinensis, Osmanthus fortunei, Osmanthus heterophyllus, Otanthus maritimus, Ouratea castaneifolia, Oxyanthus pallidus, Paeonia suffruticosa, Paliurus hemsleyanus, Panax ginseng, Panax japonicus, Panax pseudoginseng, Panax vietnamensis, Pancovia laurentii, Paris polyphylla, Parthenium hysterophorus, Paspalum scrobiculatum, Passiflora oerstedii, Patrinia rupestris, Paullinia pinnata, Pedalium murex, Pellionia repens, Peltophorum dubium, Penianthus zenkeri, Peperomia blanda, Perilla frutescens, Periploca sepium, Peristrophe japonica, Persicaria lapathifolia, Petasites formosanus, Peucedanum praeruptorum, Phlomoides hamosa, Phlomoides tuberosa, Phoradendron reichenbachianum, Phyllanthus emblica, Phyllanthus oligospermus, Physalis sordida, Picea neoveitchii, Picramnia antidesma, Picramnia latifolia, Pinellia ternata, Pinus sylvestris, Piper methysticum, Piper nigrum, Piper pedicellatum, Piper schmidtii, Piper umbellatum, Pitavia punctata, Platycladus orientalis, Platycodon grandiflorus, Pluchea lanceolata, Plumbago zeylanica, Plumeria rubra, Poa huecu, Polyalthia suberosa, Polygonatum kingianum, Persicaria nepalensis, Polyscias fulva, Pongamia pinnata, Poraqueiba guianensis, Prangos pabularia, Primula macrophylla, Prinsepia utilis, Protium heptaphyllum, Prunella vulgaris, Prunus africana, Prunus armeniaca, Prunus cornuta, Prunus davidiana, Prunus dulcis, Prunus zippeliana, Psacalium megaphyllum, Psidium cattleyanum, Psidium guajava, Psittacanthus cucullaris, Psychotria correae, Pteris ensiformis, Pteris multifida, Pterospermum xylocarpum, Ptilostemon chamaepeuce, Pulicaria incisa, Pulicaria laciniata, Punica granatum, Pycnanthus angolensis, Pyrus pashia, Ranunculus laetus, Reissantia buchananii, Reseda suffruticosa, Retrophyllum rospigliosii, Rhamnus wightii, Rhinacanthus nasutus, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizopus oryzae, Rhodiola kirilowii, Rhodiola rosea, Rhododendron barbatum, Rhododendron latoucheae, Robinsonecio gerberifolius, Rohdea chinensis, Roldana angulifolia, Roldana lobata, Rorippa indica, Rosa laevigata, Rosa taiwanensis, Rosa transmorrisonensis, Rourea minor, Rubia argyi, Rubia yunnanensis, Rubus coreanus, Rubus pungens, Ruellia patula, Ruellia tuberosa, Ruscus aculeatus, Sagittaria sagittifolia, Sagittaria trifolia, Salsola collina, Salvadora persica, Salvia aegyptiaca, Salvia bucharica, Salvia caespitosa, Salvia deserta, Salvia eriophora, Salvia macrosiphon, Salvia moorcroftiana, Salvia palaestina, Salvia sahendica, Salvia staminea, Salvia tomentosa, Salvia trijuga, Salvia verticillata, Sambucus nigra, Sanguisorba alpina, Sanguisorba officinalis, Santolina chamaecyparissus, Sapium haematospermum, Sargentodoxa cuneata, Satureja montana, Sauromatum giganteum, Saussurea controversa, Saussurea costus, Saussurea involucrata, Saussurea medusa, Saussurea parviflora, Scaphium affine, Scorzonera cretica, Scorzonera hispanica, Scrophularia ningpoensis, Scutellaria amoena, Scutellaria lateriflora, Semialarium mexicanum, Senecio bonariensis, Senna auriculata, Senna didymobotrya, Serenoa repens, Sida spinosa, Sigesbeckia orientalis, Sigesbeckia pubescens, Simaba orinocensis, Sinapis arvensis, Sinopodophyllum hexandrum, Siphoneugena densiflora, Smallanthus maculatus, Smilax china, Smilax lebrunii, Solanum aethiopicum, Solanum anguivi, Solanum chrysotrichum, Solanum crispum, Solanum sisymbriifolium, Solanum virginianum, Soroseris hookeriana, Sparganium stoloniferum, Sporobolus cynosuroides, Spathelia excelsa, Spathodea campanulata, Sphaerophysa salsula, Spiraea formosana, Stellaria media, Stenochlaena palustris, Strobilanthes yunnanensis, Symplocos racemosa, Syringa reticulata, Syzygium sandwicense, Tabernaemontana laeta, Tadehagi triquetrum, Tanacetum vulgare, Taraxacum mongolicum, Taraxacum officinale, Taxus mairei, Taxus wallichiana, Tecoma stans, Tectona grandis, Tephrosia candida, Terminalia arjuna, Terminalia glabrescens, Tetracentron sinense, Tetraena coccinea, Tetrapanax papyrifer, Thalictrum aquilegiifolium, Thalictrum atriplex, Thalictrum simplex, Thulinella chrysantha, Tinospora sinensis, Tithonia longiradiata, Tolpis webbii, Toona ciliata, Toona sinensis, Trachelospermum asiaticum, Triadica sebifera, Trianthema portulacastrum, Tribulus terrestris, Trichilia claussenii, Trichilia elegans, Trichilia emetica, Tridax procumbens, Trifolium resupinatum, Triplostegia grandiflora, Triumfetta cordifolia, Trollius chinensis, Typha angustifolia, Uncaria hirsuta, Uncaria tomentosa, Urceola rosea, Urtica dioica, Vaccinium macrocarpon, Valeriana officinalis, Verbascum songaricum, Verbena brasiliensis, Verbena officinalis, Viburnum cylindricum, Viburnum dilatatum, Viburnum furcatum, Viburnum jucundum, Viburnum suspensum, Vigna unguiculata, Viguiera decurrens, Virola michelii, Viscum album, Viscum coloratum, Vitex negundo, Vitex quinata, Vochysia ferruginea, Warburgia stuhlmannii, Wisteria floribunda, Withania coagulans, Withania somnifera, Xanthium strumarium, Xylocarpus granatum, Xylopia aethiopica, Zaleya pentandra, Zanthoxylum ailanthoides, Zanthoxylum armatum, Zanthoxylum bungeanum, Zanthoxylum monophyllum, Zanthoxylum piasezkii, Ziziphora tenuior, Ziziphus jujuba, Ziziphus spina-christi and Tetraena simplex. This could make exo-dehydrochalepin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. |
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