| Description | Alpha-Phellandrene, also known as α-phellandren or dihydro-p-cymene, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as menthane monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenoids with a structure based on the o-, m-, or p-menthane backbone. P-menthane consists of the cyclohexane ring with a methyl group and a (2-methyl)-propyl group at the 1 and 4 ring position, respectively. The o- and m- menthanes are much rarer, and presumably arise by alkyl migration of p-menthanes. Alpha-Phellandrene is possibly neutral. Alpha-Phellandrene is a mint, spice, and turpentine tasting compound. Outside of the human body, alpha-Phellandrene is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as anises, common sages, and ceylon cinnamons and in a lower concentration in peppermints. Alpha-Phellandrene has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as dills, fennels, sweet basils, and tarragons. This could make alpha-phellandrene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. One of a pair of phellandrene cyclic monoterpene double-bond isomers in which both double bonds are endocyclic (cf. phellandrene is found in Abies sachalinensis, Achillea abrotanoides, Achillea grandifolia, Achillea millefolium, Achillea nobilis, Actinodium cunninghamii, Aegle marmelos, Aframomum angustifolium, Agathosma betulina, Aloysia citrodora, Aloysia triphylla, Alpinia chinensis, Alpinia galanga, Alpinia latilabris, Alpinia zerumbet, Anethum graveolens, Angelica archangelica, Angelica dahurica, Annona reticulata, Anthemis cotula, Artemisia annua, Artemisia arborescens, Artemisia dracunculus, Artemisia thuscula, Artemisia tridentata, Artemisia vulgaris, Asarum asperum, Asarum lutchuense, Aster scaber, Athamanta macedonica, Atractylodes lancea, Aucoumea klaineana, Boronia latipinna, Boswellia sacra, Bunium persicum, Bupleurum fruticosum, Bupleurum gibraltaricum, Callistemon linearis, Calyptranthes spruceana, Canarium zeylanicum, Cannabis sativa, Hyptis spicigera, Carapichea ipecacuanha, Glebionis coronaria, Cinnamomum burmannii, Cinnamomum verum, Cistus creticus, Citrus aurantium, Citrus junos, Citrus limon, Citrus reticulata, Citrus sinensis, Citrus wilsonii, Cleistopholis patens, Cleonia lusitanica, Clinopodium carolinianum, Coriandrum sativum, Crithmum maritimum, Croton glandulosus, Cryptomeria japonica, Cuminum cyminum, Curcuma longa, Curio articulatus, Cymbopogon flexuosus, Cyperus rotundus, Daucus carota, Diplotaenia cachrydifolia, Diplotaxis harra, Echinophora chrysantha, Echinophora tenuifolia, Elsholtzia fruticosa, Erigeron philadelphicus, Coespeletia timotensis, Espeletia weddellii, Eucalyptus apodophylla, Eucalyptus approximans, Eucalyptus brassiana, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus cloeziana, Eucalyptus cneorifolia, Eucalyptus dealbata, Eucalyptus delegatensis, Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus nitens, Eucalyptus porosa, Eucalyptus pulverulenta, Eucalyptus saligna, Eucalyptus siderophloia, Eucalyptus tetraptera, Eugenia uniflora, Eupatorium capillifolium, Ferula assa-foetida, Ferulago nodosa, Ferulago trachycarpa, Foeniculum vulgare, Gossypium hirsutum, Grindelia hirsutula, Hedychium coronarium, Heracleum antasiaticum, Heracleum persicum, Heteropyxis natalensis, Heterotheca subaxillaris, Homalomena occulta, Houttuynia cordata, Hypericum hyssopifolium, Hyptis goyazensis, Mesosphaerum suaveolens, Hyssopus officinalis, Illicium verum, Isodon melissoides, Juniperus communis, Juniperus drupacea, Juniperus monticola, Juniperus occidentalis, Juniperus oxycedrus, Juniperus taxifolia, Kunzea salina, Lantana camara, Lantana strigocamara, Larix sibirica, Laurus nobilis, Lepechinia chamaedryoides, Levisticum officinale, Ligusticum chuanxiong, Ligusticum porteri, Lindera triloba, Liquidambar styraciflua, Magnolia balansae, Mangifera indica, Melaleuca alternifolia, Melaleuca linariifolia, Melaleuca quinquenervia, Mentha aquatica, Mentha longifolia, Mentha rotundifolia, Micromeria biflora, Micromeria maderensis, Micromeria teneriffae, Mikania cordifolia, Minthostachys andina, Molopospermum peloponnesiacum, Monarda fistulosa, Mosla chinensis, Myrtus communis, Nepeta racemosa, Ocimum americanum, Ocimum gratissimum, Origanum acutidens, Origanum cordifolium, Origanum majorana, Origanum onites, Origanum syriacum, Origanum vulgare, Osmorhiza longistylis, Pelargonium citronellum, Pelargonium endlicherianum, Pelargonium graveolens, Pelargonium quercifolium, Pelargonium vitifolium, Perilla frutescens, Persea americana, Petroselinum crispum, Peucedanum oreoselinum, Peucedanum zenkeri, Phlomis lanata, Picea abies, Picea rubens, Pimenta dioica, Pimenta racemosa, Pinus cembra, Pinus contorta, Pinus elliottii, Piper aduncum, Piper auritum, Piper guineense, Piper marginatum, Pistacia atlantica, Pistacia integerrima, Pistacia vera, Platycladus orientalis, Porophyllum ruderale, Prangos uechtritzii, Prangos uloptera, Protium heptaphyllum, Psiadia altissima, Psidium salutare, Pteronia camphorata, Renealmia floribunda, Rhanterium epapposum, Rhododendron columbianum, Rhododendron mucronulatum, Salvia aurea, Salvia caespitosa, Salvia dorisiana, Salvia munzii, Salvia rosmarinus, Salvia syriaca, Salvia tomentosa, Santolina chamaecyparissus, Santolina insularis, Sassafras albidum, Sassafras randaiense, Satureja cuneifolia, Satureja hortensis, Satureja montana, Satureja spicigera, Scalesia aspera, Scandix australis, Schinus molle, Sequoia sempervirens, Sideritis leucantha, Sideritis perfoliata, Sideritis tragoriganum, Smallanthus fruticosus, Solanecio biafrae, Solanum tuberosum, Solidago canadensis, Sphagneticola trilobata, Stachys aegyptiaca, Steganotaenia araliacea, Stoebe plumosa, Tagetes minuta, Tambourissa leptophylla, Tanacetum parthenium, Tessaria fastigiata, Teucrium scorodonia, Thymbra capitata, Thymbra spicata, Thymus cilicicus, Thymus longicaulis, Thymus vulgaris, Trachyspermum anethifolium, Trichostema dichotomum, Umbellularia californica, Valeriana officinalis, Virola surinamensis, Vitex agnus-castus, Vitex negundo, Xylopia aromatica, Zieria aspalathoides, Zingiber mioga, Zingiber officinale, Zingiber zerumbet and Zinnia elegans. phellandrene was first documented in 2012 (PMID: 22428261). Alpha-phellandrene, where one of them is exocyclic) (PMID: 23738471) (PMID: 24292586) (PMID: 24427963). |
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