| Description | Beta-Phellandrene, also known as β-phellandren or 2-p-menthadiene, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as menthane monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenoids with a structure based on the o-, m-, or p-menthane backbone. P-menthane consists of the cyclohexane ring with a methyl group and a (2-methyl)-propyl group at the 1 and 4 ring position, respectively. The o- and m- menthanes are much rarer, and presumably arise by alkyl migration of p-menthanes. Beta-Phellandrene is possibly neutral. Beta-Phellandrene is a mint and terpentine tasting compound. Outside of the human body, beta-Phellandrene is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as gingers, parsley, and dills and in a lower concentration in hyssops, lemons, and corianders. Beta-Phellandrene has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as parsnips, pine nuts, ceylon cinnamons, celery stalks, and tarragons. This could make beta-phellandrene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. One of a pair of phellandrene cyclic monoterpene double-bond isomers in which one double bond is exocyclic (cf. β phellandrene is found in Abies alba, Abies balsamea, Abies magnifica, Abies nordmanniana, Abies sachalinensis, Abies sibirica, Achillea nobilis, Agathosma betulina, Ageratum conyzoides, Aloysia citrodora, Anethum graveolens, Angelica archangelica, Angelica dahurica, Artemisia santonicum, Aspergillus candidus, Aster scaber, Atalantia buxifolia, Athamanta macedonica, Aucoumea klaineana, Austrobaileya scandens, Bellis perennis, Boronia latipinna, Bothriochloa bladhii, Brassica nigra, Bunium persicum, Bupleurum fruticosum, Callistemon linearis, Cannabis sativa, Cantinoa mutabilis, Catha edulis, Chamaecyparis obtusa, Chamaecyparis pisifera, Citrus aurantium, Citrus junos, Citrus limon, Citrus medica, Citrus natsudaidai, Citrus sinensis, Cleistopholis patens, Clinopodium carolinianum, Coriandrum sativum, Cotinus coggygria, Crithmum maritimum, Cryptomeria japonica, Cuminum cyminum, Cymbopogon flexuosus, Dacrydium nausoriense, Echinophora tenuifolia, Entandrophragma cylindricum, Coespeletia timotensis, Etlingera elatior, Eucalyptus apodophylla, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus cloeziana, Eucalyptus cneorifolia, Eucalyptus cunninghamii, Eucalyptus delegatensis, Eucalyptus dolichorhyncha, Eucalyptus porosa, Eucalyptus punctata, Eugenia dysenterica, Ferula assa-foetida, Ferulago nodosa, Ferulago trachycarpa, Foeniculum vulgare, Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium sturtianum, Helichrysum taenari, Heracleum dissectum, Heracleum persicum, Heterotheca subaxillaris, Hyssopus officinalis, Juniperus communis, Juniperus drupacea, Juniperus excelsa, Juniperus jaliscana, Juniperus monticola, Lantana camara, Larix gmelinii, Larix gmelinii, Larix kaempferi, Larix occidentalis, Larix sibirica, Laser trilobum, Laurus nobilis, Lavandula stoechas, Lepechinia chamaedryoides, Lepechinia urbanii, Levisticum officinale, Ligusticum porteri, Ligusticum sinense, Lindera neesiana, Lippia rehmannii, Liquidambar styraciflua, Liriodendron tulipifera, Machilus japonica, Magnolia balansae, Mangifera indica, Melaleuca alternifolia, Mentha aquatica, Mentha piperita, Mentha rotundifolia, Micromeria maderensis, Micromeria teneriffae, Molopospermum peloponnesiacum, Myrtus communis, Nasutitermes ephratae, Ocimum americanum, Oenanthe aquatica, Origanum acutidens, Origanum hypericifolium, Origanum laevigatum, Origanum onites, Origanum syriacum, Origanum vulgare, Parthenium confertum, Pelargonium endlicherianum, Pelargonium graveolens, Pelargonium quercifolium, Pelargonium vitifolium, Petroselinum crispum, Picea abies, Picea glehnii, Picea koraiensis, Picea schrenkiana, Picea sitchensis, Pimenta racemosa, Pinus brutia, Pinus densiflora, Pinus discolor, Pinus elliottii, Pinus flexilis, Pinus merkusii, Pinus monticola, Pinus pumila, Pinus rzedowskii, Pinus sylvestris, Piper auritum, Piper fimbriulatum, Piper guineense, Piper regnellii, Pistacia integerrima, Pistacia vera, Pittosporum balfourii, Plagiochila rutilans, Prangos uechtritzii, Quercus ilex, Renealmia alpinia, Rhanterium epapposum, Rhodiola rosea, Salvia aurea, Salvia columbariae, Salvia syriaca, Santiria trimera, Santolina chamaecyparissus, Santolina rosmarinifolia, Satureja cuneifolia, Satureja hortensis, Satureja spicigera, Scalesia aspera, Schinus molle, Sequoia sempervirens, Sequoiadendron giganteum, Sideritis leucantha, Sideritis tragoriganum, Skimmia laureola, Solidago odora, Stachys glutinosa, Steganotaenia araliacea, Stoebe vulgaris, Syzygium aromaticum, Tagetes minuta, Tanacetum millefolium, Tanacetum parthenium, Tanacetum vulgare, Targionia hypophylla, Teucrium cyprium, Teucrium pestalozzae, Thuja occidentalis, Thuja standishii, Thujopsis dolabrata, Thymbra capitata, Thymbra spicata, Thymus eigii, Thymus longicaulis, Thymus revolutus, Thymus sibthorpii, Thymus vulgaris, Thymus zygioides, Trachyspermum ammi, Trachyspermum anethifolium, Trichostema dichotomum, Tsuga heterophylla, Umbellularia californica, Valeriana officinalis, Vitex agnus-castus, Vitex negundo, Xenophyllum poposum, Xylopia aromatica, Zanthoxylum bungeanum, Zanthoxylum simulans, Zieria aspalathoides, Zingiber mioga and Zingiber officinale. It was first documented in 2006 (PMID: 16780354). Alpha-phellandrene, where both of them are endoocyclic) (PMID: 22978237) (PMID: 23074920) (PMID: 23162914) (PMID: 23285820). |
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