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Record Information
Version2.0
Created at2022-09-06 01:27:43 UTC
Updated at2022-09-06 01:27:43 UTC
NP-MRD IDNP0223384
Secondary Accession NumbersNone
Natural Product Identification
Common Namen1,n9-bis[(6s,9r,10s,13r,18as)-11-hydroxy-6,13-diisopropyl-2,5,9-trimethyl-1,4,7,14-tetraoxo-3h,6h,9h,10h,13h,16h,17h,18h,18ah-pyrrolo[2,1-i]1-oxa-4,7,10,13-tetraazacyclohexadecan-10-yl]-2-amino-4,6-dimethyl-3-oxophenoxazine-1,9-dicarboximidic acid
DescriptionDactinomycin, also known as cosmegen or actd, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cyclic depsipeptides. These are natural or synthetic compounds having sequences of amino and hydroxy carboxylic acid residues (usually α-amino and α-hydroxy acids) connected in a ring. The residues are commonly but not necessarily regularly alternating. Dactinomycin is a drug which is used for the treatment of wilms' tumor, childhood rhabdomyosarcoma, ewing's sarcoma and metastatic, nonseminomatous testicular cancer as part of a combination chemotherapy and/or multi-modality treatment regimen. Dactinomycin is in the cytotoxic antibiotic family of medications. Dactinomycin is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Because actinomycin can bind DNA duplexes, it can also interfere with DNA replication, although other chemicals such as hydroxyurea are better suited for use in the laboratory as inhibitors of DNA synthesis. Actinomycin D does this by binding DNA at the transcription initiation complex and preventing elongation of RNA chain by RNA polymerase. It was first isolated by Selman Waksman and his co-worker H. Boyd Woodruff in 1940. Use in pregnancy may harm the baby. n1,n9-bis[(6s,9r,10s,13r,18as)-11-hydroxy-6,13-diisopropyl-2,5,9-trimethyl-1,4,7,14-tetraoxo-3h,6h,9h,10h,13h,16h,17h,18h,18ah-pyrrolo[2,1-i]1-oxa-4,7,10,13-tetraazacyclohexadecan-10-yl]-2-amino-4,6-dimethyl-3-oxophenoxazine-1,9-dicarboximidic acid is found in Streptomyces anulatus, Streptomyces flavogriseus, Streptomyces flavovirens, Streptomyces heliomycini, Streptomyces lividans, Streptomyces mutabilis, Streptomyces parvulus and Streptomyces violascens. n1,n9-bis[(6s,9r,10s,13r,18as)-11-hydroxy-6,13-diisopropyl-2,5,9-trimethyl-1,4,7,14-tetraoxo-3h,6h,9h,10h,13h,16h,17h,18h,18ah-pyrrolo[2,1-i]1-oxa-4,7,10,13-tetraazacyclohexadecan-10-yl]-2-amino-4,6-dimethyl-3-oxophenoxazine-1,9-dicarboximidic acid was first documented in 1985 (PMID: 2410919). The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US$24.73 Per 500 mcg vial (PMID: 15543019) (PMID: 16803542) (PMID: 17102824).
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
2-Amino-N,n'-bis(hexadecahydro-2,5,9-trimethyl-6,13-bis(1-methylethyl)-1,4,7,11,14-pentaoxo-1H-pyrrolo(2,1-i)(1,4,7,10,13)oxatetra-azacyclohexadecin-10-yl)-4,6-dimethyl-3-oxo-3H-phenoxazine-1,9-dicarboxamideChEBI
ActDChEBI
Actinomycin C1ChEBI
Actinomycin IVChEBI
Actinomycin DHMDB
Ac-deHMDB
CosmegenHMDB
Lyovac, cosmegenHMDB
MSD Brand OF dactinomycinHMDB
Lemery brand OF dactinomycinHMDB
Lyovac-cosmegenHMDB
Merck brand OF dactinomycinHMDB
Merck sharp and dohme brand OF dactinomycinHMDB
Cosmegen lyovacHMDB
MeractinomycinHMDB
ActinomycinHMDB
Merck frosst brand OF dactinomycinHMDB
Lyovac cosmegenHMDB
LyovacCosmegenHMDB
DactinomycinChEBI
Chemical FormulaC62H86N12O16
Average Mass1255.4170 Da
Monoisotopic Mass1254.62847 Da
IUPAC NameN1,N9-bis[(6S,9R,10S,13R,18aS)-2,5,9-trimethyl-1,4,7,11,14-pentaoxo-6,13-bis(propan-2-yl)-hexadecahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-i]1-oxa-4,7,10,13-tetraazacyclohexadecan-10-yl]-2-amino-4,6-dimethyl-3-oxo-3H-phenoxazine-1,9-dicarboxamide
Traditional Nameactinomycin D
CAS Registry NumberNot Available
SMILES
[H][C@@]12CCCN1C(=O)[C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)C1=C3N=C4C(OC3=C(C)C=C1)=C(C)C(=O)C(N)=C4C(=O)N[C@H]1[C@@H](C)OC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)CN(C)C(=O)[C@]3([H])CCCN3C(=O)[C@H](NC1=O)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)OC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)CN(C)C2=O)C(C)C
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C62H86N12O16/c1-27(2)42-59(84)73-23-17-19-36(73)57(82)69(13)25-38(75)71(15)48(29(5)6)61(86)88-33(11)44(55(80)65-42)67-53(78)35-22-21-31(9)51-46(35)64-47-40(41(63)50(77)32(10)52(47)90-51)54(79)68-45-34(12)89-62(87)49(30(7)8)72(16)39(76)26-70(14)58(83)37-20-18-24-74(37)60(85)43(28(3)4)66-56(45)81/h21-22,27-30,33-34,36-37,42-45,48-49H,17-20,23-26,63H2,1-16H3,(H,65,80)(H,66,81)(H,67,78)(H,68,79)/t33-,34-,36+,37+,42-,43-,44+,45+,48+,49+/m1/s1
InChI KeyRJURFGZVJUQBHK-IIXSONLDSA-N
Experimental Spectra
Not Available
Predicted Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionDepositor IDDepositor OrganizationDepositorDeposition DateView
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 25 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 252 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 50 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 75 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 101 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 126 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 151 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 176 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 201 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 226 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
Chemical Shift Submissions
Not Available
Species
Species of Origin
Species NameSourceReference
Streptomyces anulatusLOTUS Database
Streptomyces flavogriseusLOTUS Database
Streptomyces flavovirensLOTUS Database
Streptomyces heliomyciniLOTUS Database
Streptomyces lividansLOTUS Database
Streptomyces mutabilisLOTUS Database
Streptomyces parvulusLOTUS Database
Streptomyces violascensLOTUS Database
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cyclic depsipeptides. These are natural or synthetic compounds having sequences of amino and hydroxy carboxylic acid residues (usually α-amino and α-hydroxy acids) connected in a ring. The residues are commonly but not necessarily regularly alternating.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassPeptidomimetics
Sub ClassDepsipeptides
Direct ParentCyclic depsipeptides
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Cyclic depsipeptide
  • Macrolide lactam
  • Phenoxazine
  • Alpha-amino acid ester
  • Macrolactam
  • N-acyl-alpha amino acid or derivatives
  • Alpha-amino acid or derivatives
  • Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Benzenoid
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Vinylogous amide
  • Pyrrolidine
  • Tertiary carboxylic acid amide
  • Amino acid or derivatives
  • Carboxamide group
  • Carboxylic acid ester
  • Lactam
  • Lactone
  • Cyclic ketone
  • Secondary carboxylic acid amide
  • Oxacycle
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Azacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Amine
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Primary amine
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP2.76ALOGPS
logP-0.097ChemAxon
logS-4.8ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)10.52ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-0.13ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count16ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count5ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area355.54 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count8ChemAxon
Refractivity326.17 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability129.2 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings7ChemAxon
BioavailabilityNoChemAxon
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
HMDB IDHMDB0015105
DrugBank IDDB00970
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FoodDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID10482167
KEGG Compound IDC06770
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkDactinomycin
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound457193
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID27666
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
General References
  1. Sobell HM: Actinomycin and DNA transcription. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Aug;82(16):5328-31. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.16.5328. [PubMed:2410919 ]
  2. Khatua S, Nair CN, Ghosh K: Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia following dactinomycin therapy in a child with alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma: the unresolved issues. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2004 Nov;26(11):777-9. doi: 10.1097/00043426-200411000-00020. [PubMed:15543019 ]
  3. Turan T, Karacay O, Tulunay G, Boran N, Koc S, Bozok S, Kose MF: Results with EMA/CO (etoposide, methotrexate, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide, vincristine) chemotherapy in gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2006 May-Jun;16(3):1432-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2006.00606.x. [PubMed:16803542 ]
  4. Abd El-Aal HH, Habib EE, Mishrif MM: Wilms' tumor: the experience of the pediatric unit of Kasr El-Aini center of radiation oncology and nuclear medicine (NEMROCK). J Egypt Natl Canc Inst. 2005 Dec;17(4):308-14. [PubMed:17102824 ]
  5. LOTUS database [Link]