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Record Information
Version2.0
Created at2022-09-05 07:38:02 UTC
Updated at2022-09-05 07:38:02 UTC
NP-MRD IDNP0209997
Secondary Accession NumbersNone
Natural Product Identification
Common Name3,5,6-trihydroxy-4,6-bis(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-2-(3-methylbutanoyl)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
DescriptionHumulone, also known as alpha bitter acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acyloins. These are organic compounds containing an alpha hydroxy ketone. Acyloins are formally derived from reductive coupling of carboxylic acyl groups. Humulone is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). This conversion yields the benzenoid 3-methyl-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)butan-1-one. Two side-chains are prenyl groups and one is an isovaleryl group. Antimicrobial properties of humulone are antiviral and antibacterial. These “alpha acids” survive the boiling process, although numerous oxidized derivatives are produced. During the brewing process, humulone degrades to cis- and trans-isohumulone. In terms of structure, humulone is a phloroglucinol derivative with three isoprenoid side-chains. Humulone (α-lupulic acid), a vinylogous type of organic acid, is a bitter-tasting chemical compound found in the resin of mature hops (Humulus lupulus). As determined by INADEQUATE 2D NMR, the biosynthesis of humulone in Humulus lupulus starts with an isovaleryl-CoA unit and 3 malonyl-CoA units catalyzed by phlorovalerophenone synthase. This step is followed by prenylation with 1-bromo-3-methyl-2-butene to give humulone. 3,5,6-trihydroxy-4,6-bis(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-2-(3-methylbutanoyl)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one is found in Humulus lupulus. Humulone can be synthesized by the acylation of 1,2,3,5-benzenetetrol with isovaleryl chloride to give 2,3,4,6-tetrahydroxyisovalerophenone.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
3,5,6-Trihydroxy-4-isovaleryl-2,6-bis(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-2,4-cyclohexadiene-1-oneMeSH
alpha Bitter acidMeSH
HumulonMeSH
HumuloneMeSH
Chemical FormulaC21H30O5
Average Mass362.4660 Da
Monoisotopic Mass362.20932 Da
IUPAC Name3,5,6-trihydroxy-4,6-bis(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-2-(3-methylbutanoyl)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
Traditional Name3,5,6-trihydroxy-4,6-bis(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-2-(3-methylbutanoyl)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
CAS Registry NumberNot Available
SMILES
CC(C)CC(=O)C1=C(O)C(CC=C(C)C)=C(O)C(O)(CC=C(C)C)C1=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C21H30O5/c1-12(2)7-8-15-18(23)17(16(22)11-14(5)6)20(25)21(26,19(15)24)10-9-13(3)4/h7,9,14,23-24,26H,8,10-11H2,1-6H3
InChI KeyVMSLCPKYRPDHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Experimental Spectra
Not Available
Predicted Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionDepositor IDDepositor OrganizationDepositorDeposition DateView
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 25 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 252 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 50 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 75 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 101 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 126 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 151 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 176 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 201 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 226 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
Chemical Shift Submissions
Not Available
Species
Species of Origin
Species NameSourceReference
Humulus lupulusLOTUS Database
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acyloins. These are organic compounds containing an alpha hydroxy ketone. Acyloins are formally derived from reductive coupling of carboxylic acyl groups.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic oxygen compounds
ClassOrganooxygen compounds
Sub ClassCarbonyl compounds
Direct ParentAcyloins
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Acyloin
  • Vinylogous acid
  • Tertiary alcohol
  • Cyclic ketone
  • Ketone
  • Polyol
  • Enol
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Alcohol
  • Aliphatic homomonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic homomonocyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP2.31ALOGPS
logP3.6ChemAxon
logS-3.5ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)4.13ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-4.2ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-2ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count5ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count3ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area94.83 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count7ChemAxon
Refractivity106.3 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability40.27 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
HMDB IDNot Available
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FoodDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider IDNot Available
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkHumulone
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound549481
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
General References
  1. LOTUS database [Link]