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Record Information
Version2.0
Created at2022-09-04 23:56:32 UTC
Updated at2022-09-04 23:56:32 UTC
NP-MRD IDNP0204297
Secondary Accession NumbersNone
Natural Product Identification
Common Name(2r)-2-phenyl-2-{[(4s,5s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-({[(3r,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}acetonitrile
DescriptionAmygdalin, also known as laetrile or vitamin B17, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cyanogenic glycosides. These are glycosides in which the aglycone moiety contains a cyanide group. (2r)-2-phenyl-2-{[(4s,5s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-({[(3r,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}acetonitrile is found in Gerbera jamesonii, Oxyanthus pyriformis, Passiflora edulis, Prunus armeniaca, Prunus cerasus, Prunus persica, Prunus salicina and Prunus spinosa. (2r)-2-phenyl-2-{[(4s,5s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-({[(3r,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}acetonitrile was first documented in 2022 (PMID: 36047933). Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on amygdalin (PMID: 36044826) (PMID: 36014482) (PMID: 35987015) (PMID: 35977575) (PMID: 35975846) (PMID: 35958222).
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
Mandelonitrile-beta-gentiobiosideMeSH
NeoamygdalinMeSH
AmygdalosideMeSH
LaetrileMeSH
Mandelonitrile beta gentiobiosideMeSH
Vitamin b17MeSH
Chemical FormulaC20H27NO11
Average Mass457.4320 Da
Monoisotopic Mass457.15841 Da
IUPAC Name(2R)-2-phenyl-2-{[(4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-({[(3R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}acetonitrile
Traditional Name(2R)-2-phenyl-2-{[(4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-({[(3R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}acetonitrile
CAS Registry NumberNot Available
SMILES
OC[C@H]1OC(OCC2OC(O[C@@H](C#N)C3=CC=CC=C3)C(O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]2O)[C@H](O)C(O)[C@@H]1O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C20H27NO11/c21-6-10(9-4-2-1-3-5-9)30-20-18(28)16(26)14(24)12(32-20)8-29-19-17(27)15(25)13(23)11(7-22)31-19/h1-5,10-20,22-28H,7-8H2/t10-,11+,12?,13+,14+,15?,16-,17+,18?,19?,20?/m0/s1
InChI KeyXUCIJNAGGSZNQT-MUXXRXLQSA-N
Experimental Spectra
Not Available
Predicted Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionDepositor IDDepositor OrganizationDepositorDeposition DateView
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 25 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 252 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 50 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 75 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 101 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 126 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 151 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 176 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 201 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 226 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, H2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
Chemical Shift Submissions
Not Available
Species
Species of Origin
Species NameSourceReference
Gerbera jamesoniiLOTUS Database
Oxyanthus pyriformisLOTUS Database
Passiflora edulisLOTUS Database
Prunus armeniacaLOTUS Database
Prunus cerasusLOTUS Database
Prunus persicaLOTUS Database
Prunus salicinaLOTUS Database
Prunus spinosaLOTUS Database
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cyanogenic glycosides. These are glycosides in which the aglycone moiety contains a cyanide group.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic oxygen compounds
ClassOrganooxygen compounds
Sub ClassCarbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
Direct ParentCyanogenic glycosides
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Cyanogenic glycoside
  • O-glycosyl compound
  • Disaccharide
  • Benzenoid
  • Oxane
  • Monocyclic benzene moiety
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Oxacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Polyol
  • Nitrile
  • Carbonitrile
  • Acetal
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Primary alcohol
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Alcohol
  • Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP-2.6ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Acidic)11.91ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-3ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count12ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count7ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area202.32 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count7ChemAxon
Refractivity102.51 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability43.65 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings3ChemAxon
BioavailabilityNoChemAxon
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
HMDB IDNot Available
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FoodDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDC00003301
Chemspider ID78431007
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkAmygdalin
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound134694146
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
General References
  1. Yang Y, Zhu J, Yao CL, Guo DA, He N, Mei QX, Feng GJ, Chen QH, Yang GY: Determination of six core components from Mahuang Xuanfei Zhike syrup in rat plasma and tissues by UPLC-MS/MS: Application to a pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution study. Biomed Chromatogr. 2022 Dec;36(12):e5496. doi: 10.1002/bmc.5496. Epub 2022 Sep 21. [PubMed:36047933 ]
  2. Permal R, Chia T, Arena G, Fleming C, Chen J, Chen T, Chang WL, Seale B, Hamid N, Kam R: Converting avocado seeds into a ready to eat snack and analysing for persin and amygdalin. Food Chem. 2023 Jan 15;399:134011. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134011. Epub 2022 Aug 25. [PubMed:36044826 ]
  3. Zhou Y, Zhang J, Chen W, Li X, Fu K, Sun W, Liang Y, Xu M, Zhang J, Fan G, Yin H, Wang Z: Identification of Hair Growth Promoting Components in the Kernels of Prunus mira Koehne and Their Mechanism of Action. Molecules. 2022 Aug 17;27(16):5242. doi: 10.3390/molecules27165242. [PubMed:36014482 ]
  4. Fu X, Sun Z, Long Q, Tan W, Ding H, Liu X, Wu L, Wang Y, Zhang W: Glycosides from Buyang Huanwu Decoction inhibit atherosclerotic inflammation via JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Phytomedicine. 2022 Oct;105:154385. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154385. Epub 2022 Aug 8. [PubMed:35987015 ]
  5. Ramalingam S, Bahuguna A, Al-Ansari MM, Shanmugam G, Al-Humaid L, Lee JS, Kim M: Whole-genome analysis guided molecular mechanism of cyanogenic glucoside degradation by yeast isolated from Prunus mume fruit syrup. Chemosphere. 2022 Nov;307(Pt 4):136061. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136061. Epub 2022 Aug 14. [PubMed:35977575 ]
  6. Abdel-Rafei MK, Askar MA, Azab KS, El-Sayyad GS, El Kodous MA, El Fatih NM, Tawill GE, Thabet NM: FA-HA-Amygdalin@Fe(2)O(3) and/or gamma-Rays Affecting SIRT1 Regulation of YAP/TAZ-p53 Signaling and Modulates Tumorigenicity of MDA-MB231 or MCF-7 Cancer Cells. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2023;23(2):118-144. doi: 10.2174/1568009622666220816123508. [PubMed:35975846 ]
  7. Iqbal Z, Javad S, Naz S, Shah AA, Shah AN, Paray BA, Gulnaz A, Abdelsalam NR: Elicitation of the in vitro Cultures of Selected Varieties of Vigna radiata L. With Zinc Oxide and Copper Oxide Nanoparticles for Enhanced Phytochemicals Production. Front Plant Sci. 2022 Jul 26;13:908532. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.908532. eCollection 2022. [PubMed:35958222 ]
  8. Todorova A, Todorova T: Apricot kernels' extract and amygdalin alter bleomycin-induced Ty1 retrotransposition, mitotic gene conversion in the trp-5 locus and reverse point mutations in ilv1-92 allele in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Arch Microbiol. 2022 Aug 6;204(9):542. doi: 10.1007/s00203-022-03155-7. [PubMed:35932430 ]
  9. Huang X, Xu J, Gao F, Zhang H, Guo L: Rapid quantitative typing spectra model for distinguishing sweet and bitter apricot kernels. Food Sci Biotechnol. 2022 Jun 23;31(9):1123-1131. doi: 10.1007/s10068-022-01095-y. eCollection 2022 Aug. [PubMed:35919360 ]
  10. Kitic D, Miladinovic B, Randjelovic M, Szopa A, Sharifi-Rad J, Calina D, Seidel V: Anticancer Potential and Other Pharmacological Properties of Prunus armeniaca L.: An Updated Overview. Plants (Basel). 2022 Jul 20;11(14):1885. doi: 10.3390/plants11141885. [PubMed:35890519 ]
  11. LOTUS database [Link]