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Record Information
Version2.0
Created at2022-04-28 09:55:14 UTC
Updated at2022-04-28 09:55:14 UTC
NP-MRD IDNP0065721
Secondary Accession NumbersNone
Natural Product Identification
Common Name(3R,3'R,6'R)-beta,epsilon-Carotene-3,3',19-triol
DescriptionLoroxanthin belongs to the class of organic compounds known as xanthophylls. These are carotenoids containing an oxygenated carotene backbone. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Carotenes belonging form a subgroup of the carotenoids family. Xanthophylls arise by oxygenation of the carotene backbone. Thus, loroxanthin is considered to be an isoprenoid. (3R,3'R,6'R)-beta,epsilon-Carotene-3,3',19-triol is found in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Chlorella vulgaris, Cladophora glomerata, Corbicula japonica , Corbicula sandai , Euglena sanguinea, Scenedesmus obliquus, Tetraselmis suecica and Ulva rigida. (3R,3'R,6'R)-beta,epsilon-Carotene-3,3',19-triol was first documented in 2017 (PMID: 28117410). Based on a literature review a small amount of articles have been published on Loroxanthin (PMID: 35251077) (PMID: 29982094) (PMID: 29037686) (PMID: 28551868).
Structure
Thumb
SynonymsNot Available
Chemical FormulaC40H56O3
Average Mass584.8850 Da
Monoisotopic Mass584.42295 Da
IUPAC Name(1R)-4-[(1E,3Z)-4-hydroxy-3-[(2E,4E,6E,8E,10E,12E,14E)-15-[(1R,4R)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-4,9,13-trimethylpentadeca-2,4,6,8,10,12,14-heptaen-1-ylidene]but-1-en-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-ol
Traditional Name(1R)-4-[(1E,3Z)-4-hydroxy-3-[(2E,4E,6E,8E,10E,12E,14E)-15-[(1R,4R)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-4,9,13-trimethylpentadeca-2,4,6,8,10,12,14-heptaen-1-ylidene]but-1-en-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-ol
CAS Registry NumberNot Available
SMILES
C\C(\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\[C@H]1C(C)=C[C@H](O)CC1(C)C)=C/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/C=C(\CO)/C=C/C1=C(C)C[C@@H](O)CC1(C)C
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C40H56O3/c1-29(16-12-17-31(3)20-22-37-32(4)24-35(42)26-39(37,6)7)14-10-11-15-30(2)18-13-19-34(28-41)21-23-38-33(5)25-36(43)27-40(38,8)9/h10-24,35-37,41-43H,25-28H2,1-9H3/b11-10+,16-12+,18-13+,22-20+,23-21+,29-14+,30-15+,31-17+,34-19-/t35-,36+,37-/m0/s1
InChI KeyODGGKCNQKSEQNL-CWBMHJDKSA-N
Experimental Spectra
Not Available
Predicted Spectra
Chemical Shift Submissions
Not Available
Species
Species of Origin
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as xanthophylls. These are carotenoids containing an oxygenated carotene backbone. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Carotenes belonging form a subgroup of the carotenoids family. Xanthophylls arise by oxygenation of the carotene backbone.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassPrenol lipids
Sub ClassTetraterpenoids
Direct ParentXanthophylls
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Xanthophyll
  • Long chain fatty alcohol
  • Fatty alcohol
  • Fatty acyl
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Primary alcohol
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Alcohol
  • Aliphatic homomonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic homomonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP7.6ALOGPS
logP7.27ChemAxon
logS-5.8ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)16.95ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-0.88ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count3ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area60.69 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count11ChemAxon
Refractivity196.84 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability74.12 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings2ChemAxon
BioavailabilityNoChemAxon
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
HMDB IDNot Available
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FoodDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDC00000927
Chemspider ID10380806
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound16061271
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
General References
  1. van den Berg TE, Croce R: The Loroxanthin Cycle: A New Type of Xanthophyll Cycle in Green Algae (Chlorophyta). Front Plant Sci. 2022 Feb 17;13:797294. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.797294. eCollection 2022. [PubMed:35251077 ]
  2. Naik SM, Anil AC: Influence of darkness on pigments of Tetraselmis indica (Chlorodendrophyceae, Chlorophyta). J Photochem Photobiol B. 2018 Sep;186:17-22. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.06.010. Epub 2018 Jun 28. [PubMed:29982094 ]
  3. Wang N, Manabe Y, Sugawara T, Paul NA, Zhao J: Identification and biological activities of carotenoids from the freshwater alga Oedogonium intermedium. Food Chem. 2018 Mar 1;242:247-255. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.09.075. Epub 2017 Sep 15. [PubMed:29037686 ]
  4. van den Berg TE, van Oort B, Croce R: Light-harvesting complexes of Botryococcus braunii. Photosynth Res. 2018 Mar;135(1-3):191-201. doi: 10.1007/s11120-017-0405-8. Epub 2017 May 27. [PubMed:28551868 ]
  5. Sansone C, Galasso C, Orefice I, Nuzzo G, Luongo E, Cutignano A, Romano G, Brunet C, Fontana A, Esposito F, Ianora A: The green microalga Tetraselmis suecica reduces oxidative stress and induces repairing mechanisms in human cells. Sci Rep. 2017 Jan 24;7:41215. doi: 10.1038/srep41215. [PubMed:28117410 ]