| Record Information |
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| Version | 2.0 |
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| Created at | 2022-04-28 04:45:23 UTC |
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| Updated at | 2022-04-28 04:45:23 UTC |
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| NP-MRD ID | NP0059534 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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| Natural Product Identification |
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| Common Name | [3S-(3alpha,3aalpha,5abeta,9bbeta)]-3a,5,5a,7,8,9b-Hexahydro-3,5a,9-trimethylnaphtho[1,2-b]furan-2,6(3H,4H)-dione |
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| Description | Gracilin belongs to the class of organic compounds known as eudesmanolides, secoeudesmanolides, and derivatives. These are terpenoids with a structure based on the eudesmanolide (a 3,5a,9-trimethyl-naphtho[1,2-b]furan-2-one derivative) or secoeudesmanolide (a 3,6-dimethyl-5-(pentan-2-yl)-1-benzofuran-2-one derivative) skeleton. [3S-(3alpha,3aalpha,5abeta,9bbeta)]-3a,5,5a,7,8,9b-Hexahydro-3,5a,9-trimethylnaphtho[1,2-b]furan-2,6(3H,4H)-dione is found in Artemisia afra, Artemisia barrelieri, Artemisia fragrans, Artemisia gmelinii, Artemisia gracilescens, Artemisia granatensis , Artemisia hanseniana, Artemisia herba-alba, Artemisia maritima, Artemisia santolinifolia, Artemisia taurica, Artemisia tenuisecta, Artemisia vestita , Delphinium gracile and Dioscorea communis. [3S-(3alpha,3aalpha,5abeta,9bbeta)]-3a,5,5a,7,8,9b-Hexahydro-3,5a,9-trimethylnaphtho[1,2-b]furan-2,6(3H,4H)-dione was first documented in 2002 (PMID: 12227201). Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on Gracilin (PMID: 19601607) (PMID: 31729596) (PMID: 27822214) (PMID: 26356268) (PMID: 18788476) (PMID: 31387354). |
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| Structure | C[C@H]1[C@@H]2CC[C@@]3(C)C(=O)CCC(C)=C3[C@H]2OC1=O InChI=1S/C15H20O3/c1-8-4-5-11(16)15(3)7-6-10-9(2)14(17)18-13(10)12(8)15/h9-10,13H,4-7H2,1-3H3/t9-,10-,13-,15-/m0/s1 |
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| Synonyms | Not Available |
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| Chemical Formula | C15H20O3 |
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| Average Mass | 248.3220 Da |
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| Monoisotopic Mass | 248.14124 Da |
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| IUPAC Name | (3S,3aS,5aR,9bS)-3,5a,9-trimethyl-2H,3H,3aH,4H,5H,5aH,6H,7H,8H,9bH-naphtho[1,2-b]furan-2,6-dione |
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| Traditional Name | (3S,3aS,5aR,9bS)-3,5a,9-trimethyl-3H,3aH,4H,5H,7H,8H,9bH-naphtho[1,2-b]furan-2,6-dione |
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| CAS Registry Number | Not Available |
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| SMILES | C[C@H]1[C@@H]2CC[C@@]3(C)C(=O)CCC(C)=C3[C@H]2OC1=O |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C15H20O3/c1-8-4-5-11(16)15(3)7-6-10-9(2)14(17)18-13(10)12(8)15/h9-10,13H,4-7H2,1-3H3/t9-,10-,13-,15-/m0/s1 |
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| InChI Key | RSDQBPGKMDFRHH-MJVIGCOGSA-N |
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| Experimental Spectra |
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| Not Available | | Predicted Spectra |
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| | Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor ID | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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| 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 25 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 252 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 50 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 75 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 101 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 126 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 151 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 176 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 201 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 226 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| | Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Not Available | | Species |
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| Species of Origin | |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as eudesmanolides, secoeudesmanolides, and derivatives. These are terpenoids with a structure based on the eudesmanolide (a 3,5a,9-trimethyl-naphtho[1,2-b]furan-2-one derivative) or secoeudesmanolide (a 3,6-dimethyl-5-(pentan-2-yl)-1-benzofuran-2-one derivative) skeleton. |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Lipids and lipid-like molecules |
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| Class | Prenol lipids |
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| Sub Class | Terpene lactones |
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| Direct Parent | Eudesmanolides, secoeudesmanolides, and derivatives |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Eudesmanolide
- Sesquiterpenoid
- Naphthofuran
- Cyclohexenone
- Gamma butyrolactone
- Tetrahydrofuran
- Lactone
- Ketone
- Carboxylic acid ester
- Oxacycle
- Organoheterocyclic compound
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organic oxide
- Organooxygen compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | Not Available |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Not Available |
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| Experimental Properties | | Property | Value | Reference |
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| Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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| Predicted Properties | |
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| General References | - Rateb ME, Houssen WE, Schumacher M, Harrison WT, Diederich M, Ebel R, Jaspars M: Bioactive diterpene derivatives from the marine sponge Spongionella sp. J Nat Prod. 2009 Aug;72(8):1471-6. doi: 10.1021/np900233c. [PubMed:19601607 ]
- Gegunde S, Alfonso A, Alonso E, Alvarino R, Botana LM: Gracilin-Derivatives as Lead Compounds for Anti-inflammatory Effects. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2020 May;40(4):603-615. doi: 10.1007/s10571-019-00758-5. Epub 2019 Nov 15. [PubMed:31729596 ]
- Sanchez JA, Alfonso A, Rodriguez I, Alonso E, Cifuentes JM, Bermudez R, Rateb ME, Jaspars M, Houssen WE, Ebel R, Tabudravu J, Botana LM: Spongionella Secondary Metabolites, Promising Modulators of Immune Response through CD147 Receptor Modulation. Front Immunol. 2016 Oct 24;7:452. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00452. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27822214 ]
- Sanchez JA, Alfonso A, Leiros M, Alonso E, Rateb ME, Jaspars M, Houssen WE, Ebel R, Botana LM: Spongionella Secondary Metabolites Regulate Store Operated Calcium Entry Modulating Mitochondrial Functioning in SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2015;37(2):779-92. doi: 10.1159/000430395. Epub 2015 Sep 11. [PubMed:26356268 ]
- Nirmal N, Praba GO, Velmurugan D: Modeling studies on phospholipase A2-inhibitor complexes. Indian J Biochem Biophys. 2008 Aug;45(4):256-62. [PubMed:18788476 ]
- Alvarino R, Alonso E, Abbasov ME, Chaheine CM, Conner ML, Romo D, Alfonso A, Botana LM: Gracilin A Derivatives Target Early Events in Alzheimer's Disease: in Vitro Effects on Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2019 Sep 18;10(9):4102-4111. doi: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00329. Epub 2019 Aug 23. [PubMed:31387354 ]
- Abbasov ME, Alvarino R, Chaheine CM, Alonso E, Sanchez JA, Conner ML, Alfonso A, Jaspars M, Botana LM, Romo D: Simplified immunosuppressive and neuroprotective agents based on gracilin A. Nat Chem. 2019 Apr;11(4):342-350. doi: 10.1038/s41557-019-0230-0. Epub 2019 Mar 22. [PubMed:30903037 ]
- Sanchez JA, Alfonso A, Leiros M, Alonso E, Rateb ME, Jaspars M, Houssen WE, Ebel R, Tabudravu J, Botana LM: Identification of Spongionella compounds as cyclosporine A mimics. Pharmacol Res. 2016 May;107:407-414. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.03.029. Epub 2016 Apr 1. [PubMed:27041481 ]
- Leiros M, Alonso E, Rateb ME, Houssen WE, Ebel R, Jaspars M, Alfonso A, Botana LM: Gracilins: Spongionella-derived promising compounds for Alzheimer disease. Neuropharmacology. 2015 Jun;93:285-93. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.02.015. Epub 2015 Feb 24. [PubMed:25724081 ]
- Liu HW, Hu K, Zhao QC, Cui CB, Kobayashi H, Yao XS: Bioactive saponins from Dioscorea futschauensis. Pharmazie. 2002 Aug;57(8):570-2. [PubMed:12227201 ]
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