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Record Information
Version2.0
Created at2022-04-27 23:09:42 UTC
Updated at2022-04-27 23:09:42 UTC
NP-MRD IDNP0051949
Secondary Accession NumbersNone
Natural Product Identification
Common NamePicrotoxinin
DescriptionPicrotoxinin belongs to the class of organic compounds known as furopyrans. These are organic polycyclic compounds containing a furan ring fused to a pyran ring. Furan is a five-membered aromatic ring with four carbon atoms and one oxygen atom. Pyran a six-membered heterocyclic, non-aromatic ring, made up of five carbon atoms and one oxygen atom and containing two double bonds. Thus, picrotoxinin is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Picrotoxinin is found in Anamirta cocculus and Cocculus indicus. Picrotoxinin was first documented in 1994 (PMID: 7916140). Picrotoxinin is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral (PMID: 12770091) (PMID: 17405877) (PMID: 17675213) (PMID: 17714449) (PMID: 18031737) (PMID: 21505038).
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
(-)-PicrotoxininChEBI
PicrotoxinineChEBI
PicrotoxininMeSH
Chemical FormulaC15H16O6
Average Mass292.2839 Da
Monoisotopic Mass292.09469 Da
IUPAC Name(1R,3R,5S,8S,9R,12S,13R,14R)-1-hydroxy-13-methyl-14-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-4,7,10-trioxapentacyclo[6.4.1.1⁹,¹².0³,⁵.0⁵,¹³]tetradecane-6,11-dione
Traditional Namepicrotoxinin
CAS Registry NumberNot Available
SMILES
[H][C@@]12C[C@@]3(O)[C@@]4([H])C(=O)O[C@@]([H])([C@@]5([H])OC(=O)[C@]1(O2)[C@@]35C)[C@@]4([H])C(C)=C
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C15H16O6/c1-5(2)7-8-11(16)19-9(7)10-13(3)14(8,18)4-6-15(13,21-6)12(17)20-10/h6-10,18H,1,4H2,2-3H3/t6-,7+,8-,9-,10-,13-,14-,15+/m1/s1
InChI KeyPIMZUZSSNYHVCU-YKWPQBAZSA-N
Experimental Spectra
Not Available
Predicted Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionDepositor IDDepositor OrganizationDepositorDeposition DateView
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 25 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 252 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 50 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 75 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 101 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 126 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 151 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 176 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 201 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 226 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
Chemical Shift Submissions
Not Available
Species
Species of Origin
Species NameSourceReference
Anamirta cocculusPlant
Cocculus indicusPlant
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as furopyrans. These are organic polycyclic compounds containing a furan ring fused to a pyran ring. Furan is a five-membered aromatic ring with four carbon atoms and one oxygen atom. Pyran a six-membered heterocyclic, non-aromatic ring, made up of five carbon atoms and one oxygen atom and containing two double bonds.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassFuropyrans
Sub ClassNot Available
Direct ParentFuropyrans
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Furopyran
  • Caprolactone
  • Oxepane
  • Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Gamma butyrolactone
  • Oxane
  • Pyran
  • Tetrahydrofuran
  • Tertiary alcohol
  • Cyclic alcohol
  • Furan
  • Carboxylic acid ester
  • Lactone
  • Oxacycle
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Dialkyl ether
  • Oxirane
  • Ether
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Alcohol
  • Carbonyl group
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP0.24ALOGPS
logP0.0032ChemAxon
logS-1.1ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)13.61ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-3.4ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area85.36 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count1ChemAxon
Refractivity66.33 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability26.97 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings5ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
HMDB IDNot Available
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FoodDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDC00003350
Chemspider IDNot Available
KEGG Compound IDC09529
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkPicrotoxin
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound442292
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID8206
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
General References
  1. Le Corronc H, Alix P, Hue B: Differential sensitivity of two insect GABA-gated chloride channels to dieldrin, fipronil and picrotoxinin. J Insect Physiol. 2002 Apr;48(4):419-431. doi: 10.1016/s0022-1910(02)00061-6. [PubMed:12770091 ]
  2. Wang DS, Buckinx R, Lecorronc H, Mangin JM, Rigo JM, Legendre P: Mechanisms for picrotoxinin and picrotin blocks of alpha2 homomeric glycine receptors. J Biol Chem. 2007 Jun 1;282(22):16016-35. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M701502200. Epub 2007 Apr 3. [PubMed:17405877 ]
  3. Ju XL, Hao YL, Pei JF, Ozoe Y: Investigation of structural requirements for inhibitory activity at the rat and housefly picrotoxinin binding sites in ionotropic GABA receptors using DISCOtech and CoMFA. Chemosphere. 2007 Oct;69(6):864-71. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.06.040. Epub 2007 Aug 1. [PubMed:17675213 ]
  4. Yang Z, Cromer BA, Harvey RJ, Parker MW, Lynch JW: A proposed structural basis for picrotoxinin and picrotin binding in the glycine receptor pore. J Neurochem. 2007 Oct;103(2):580-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04850.x. Epub 2007 Aug 20. [PubMed:17714449 ]
  5. Carland JE, Johnston GA, Chebib M: Relative impact of residues at the intracellular and extracellular ends of the human GABAC rho1 receptor M2 domain on picrotoxinin activity. Eur J Pharmacol. 2008 Feb 2;580(1-2):27-35. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.10.036. Epub 2007 Oct 25. [PubMed:18031737 ]
  6. Thompson AJ, Duke RK, Lummis SC: Binding sites for bilobalide, diltiazem, ginkgolide, and picrotoxinin at the 5-HT3 receptor. Mol Pharmacol. 2011 Jul;80(1):183-90. doi: 10.1124/mol.111.071415. Epub 2011 Apr 19. [PubMed:21505038 ]
  7. Thompson AJ, Alqazzaz M, Price KL, Weston DA, Lummis SC: Phenylalanine in the pore of the Erwinia ligand-gated ion channel modulates picrotoxinin potency but not receptor function. Biochemistry. 2014 Oct 7;53(39):6183-8. doi: 10.1021/bi5008035. Epub 2014 Sep 19. [PubMed:25238029 ]
  8. Naffaa MM, Samad A: The binding mode of picrotoxinin in GABAA-rho receptors: Insight into the subunit's selectivity in the transmembrane domain. Comput Biol Chem. 2016 Oct;64:202-209. doi: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2016.07.003. Epub 2016 Jul 7. [PubMed:27423910 ]
  9. Anthony NM, Holyoke CW Jr, Sattelle DB: Blocking actions of picrotoxinin analogues on insect (Periplaneta americana) GABA receptors. Neurosci Lett. 1994 Apr 25;171(1-2):67-9. doi: 10.1016/0304-3940(94)90606-8. [PubMed:7916140 ]