| Record Information |
|---|
| Version | 2.0 |
|---|
| Created at | 2022-04-27 22:34:21 UTC |
|---|
| Updated at | 2022-04-27 22:34:21 UTC |
|---|
| NP-MRD ID | NP0051165 |
|---|
| Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
|---|
| Natural Product Identification |
|---|
| Common Name | Integerrimine |
|---|
| Description | Senecionine, also known as intergerrimine or aureine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as macrolides and analogues. These are organic compounds containing a lactone ring of at least twelve members. The cytotoxicity was greater in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ than in its presence, suggesting that alterations in intracellular Ca2+ distribution, and not an influx of extracellular Ca2+, were responsible for the senecionine-induced hepatotoxicity. Senecionine is an organic compound with the chemical formula C18H25NO5. It is classified as a pyrrolizidine alkaloid. PAs are tumorigenic. Senecionine is classified as a pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA). The pyrrolizidine alkaloid senecionine has been shown to produce an increase in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration in isolated hepatocytes that correlated with an increase in cellular toxicity. Senecionine is a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). Senecionine is a potentially toxic compound. Substantial research has revealed that senecionine-induced hepatotoxicity is associated with lipid peroxidation, intracellular Ca2+ alteration, and intercellular glutathione depletion. Senecionine has been shown to be hepatotoxic, genotoxic, and cytotoxic. Integerrimine is found in Ajuga parviflora, Cacalia hastata, Leucanthemum vulgare, Crotalaria brevidens , Crotalaria breviflora, Crotalaria brevifolia, Crotalaria incana , Crotalaria intermedia, Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria micans, Crotalaria naragutensis , Crotalaria tetragona, Crotalaria trichotoma, Danaus plexippus, Emilia coccinea, Gynura japonica, Gynura procumbens, Jacobaea aquatica, Jacobaea arnautorum, Jacobaea leucophylla, Jessea multivenia, Liatris punctata, Ligularia japonica, Lotononis alpina, Lotononis azurea, Lotononis brevicaulis, Lotononis caerulescens, Lotononis divaricata, Lotononis elongata, Lotononis hirsuta, Lotononis longicephala, Lotononis lotononoides, Lotononis meyeri, Lotononis pulchella, Lotononis purpurascens, Lotononis rigida, Lotononis sericophylla, Lotononis trichodes, Melampyrum pratense, Osyris alba, Packera anonyma, Packera glabella, Packera multilobata, Pericallis aurita, Petasites hybridus , Pittocaulon filare, Pittocaulon praecox, Pittocaulon velatum, Senecio alpinus, Senecio brasiliensis, Jacobaea erucifolia, Senecio faberi, Senecio fistulosus, Senecio flaccidus, Senecio gallicus, Senecio glabellum, Senecio glaucus, Senecio ilicifolius, Senecio inaequidens, Senecio integerrimus, Jacobaea vulgaris, Senecio leucanthemifolius, Senecio longibolus, Senecio magnificus, Senecio mairetianus, Senecio malacitanus, Senecio miser, Senecio nebrodensis, Senecio nemorensis, Senecio pterophorus, Senecio rosmarinifolius, Senecio selloi, Senecio squalidus, Jacobaea subalpina, Packera tomentosa, Senecio triangularis, Senecio vernalis, Senecio viscosus, Senecio vulgaris, Snecio squalidus, Syneilesis palmata, Tussilago farfara and Werneria nubigena. Integerrimine was first documented in 1999 (PMID: 17260281). PAs also cause hepatic veno-occlusive disease and liver cancer (PMID: 15202562) (PMID: 21710732). |
|---|
| Structure | [H]\C(C)=C1/C[C@@]([H])(C)[C@@](C)(O)C(=O)OCC2=CCN3CC[C@@]([H])(OC1=O)[C@@]23[H] InChI=1S/C18H25NO5/c1-4-12-9-11(2)18(3,22)17(21)23-10-13-5-7-19-8-6-14(15(13)19)24-16(12)20/h4-5,11,14-15,22H,6-10H2,1-3H3/b12-4-/t11-,14-,15-,18-/m1/s1 |
|---|
| Synonyms | | Value | Source |
|---|
| Aureine | ChEBI | | Senecionin | ChEBI | | Senecionine citratre | MeSH | | Senecionine, (15E)-isomer | MeSH | | Squalidine | MeSH | | Senecionine citrate (1:1) | MeSH | | Intergerrimine | MeSH | | Integerrimine | MeSH |
|
|---|
| Chemical Formula | C18H25NO5 |
|---|
| Average Mass | 335.3948 Da |
|---|
| Monoisotopic Mass | 335.17327 Da |
|---|
| IUPAC Name | (1R,4Z,6R,7R,17R)-4-ethylidene-7-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-2,9-dioxa-14-azatricyclo[9.5.1.0¹⁴,¹⁷]heptadec-11-ene-3,8-dione |
|---|
| Traditional Name | senecionine |
|---|
| CAS Registry Number | Not Available |
|---|
| SMILES | [H]\C(C)=C1/C[C@@]([H])(C)[C@@](C)(O)C(=O)OCC2=CCN3CC[C@@]([H])(OC1=O)[C@@]23[H] |
|---|
| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C18H25NO5/c1-4-12-9-11(2)18(3,22)17(21)23-10-13-5-7-19-8-6-14(15(13)19)24-16(12)20/h4-5,11,14-15,22H,6-10H2,1-3H3/b12-4-/t11-,14-,15-,18-/m1/s1 |
|---|
| InChI Key | HKODIGSRFALUTA-JTLQZVBZSA-N |
|---|
| Experimental Spectra |
|---|
|
| Not Available | | Predicted Spectra |
|---|
|
| | Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor ID | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
|---|
| 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 25 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 252 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 50 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 75 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 101 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 126 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 151 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 176 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 201 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 226 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| | Chemical Shift Submissions |
|---|
|
| Not Available | | Species |
|---|
| Species of Origin | |
|---|
| Chemical Taxonomy |
|---|
| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as macrolides and analogues. These are organic compounds containing a lactone ring of at least twelve members. |
|---|
| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
|---|
| Super Class | Phenylpropanoids and polyketides |
|---|
| Class | Macrolides and analogues |
|---|
| Sub Class | Not Available |
|---|
| Direct Parent | Macrolides and analogues |
|---|
| Alternative Parents | |
|---|
| Substituents | - Senecionan-skeleton
- Macrolide
- Alkaloid or derivatives
- Pyrrolizine
- Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
- N-alkylpyrrolidine
- Pyrrolidine
- Pyrroline
- Tertiary alcohol
- Alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester
- Enoate ester
- Amino acid or derivatives
- Carboxylic acid ester
- Lactone
- Tertiary amine
- Tertiary aliphatic amine
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Oxacycle
- Azacycle
- Organoheterocyclic compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organic oxide
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Amine
- Alcohol
- Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compound
|
|---|
| Molecular Framework | Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compounds |
|---|
| External Descriptors | |
|---|
| Physical Properties |
|---|
| State | Not Available |
|---|
| Experimental Properties | | Property | Value | Reference |
|---|
| Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
|
|---|
| Predicted Properties | |
|---|