| Description | Physcion, also known as parienin or rheochrysidin, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as anthraquinones. These are organic compounds containing either anthracene-9,10-quinone, 1,4-anthraquinone, or 1,2-anthraquinone. Physcion is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Outside of the human body, Physcion has been detected, but not quantified in, a few different foods, such as common sages, garden rhubarbs, and sorrels. This could make physcion a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Physcion is found in Achyranthes bidentata, Alternaria porri, Alvaradoa jamaicensis, Annona montana, Aspergillus chevalieri, Aspergillus terreus , Berchemia discolor, Berchemia floribunda , Bletilla striata, Bourreria pulchra, Brassica rapa, Cortinarius rufo-olivaceus, Caloplaca saxicola, Cassia acutifolia , Cassia angustifolia , Cassia fistula, Senna sulfurea, Cassia nomae, Cassia occidentalis , Cassia roxburghii, Cassia tora , Cassia torosa L., Chamaecrista pumila, Cortinarius basirubescens, Dermocybe canaria, Cortinarius sanguineus, Cratoxylum arborescens, Cratoxylum formosum, Dendrobium loddigesii, Dendrobium thyrsiflorum, Derris oblonga, Entodon luridus, Ephedra sinica , Eupatorium cannabinum, Ageratina altissima, Fallopia multiflora, Fibraurea tinctoria, Flavocetraria cucullata, Frangula alnus, Fulgensia canariensis, Harrisonia perforata, Harungana madagascariensis, Leucosceptrum canum, Limonia acidissima, Maesopsis eminii, Mentha canadensis, Millettia leucantha, Morinda citrifolia, Morinda citrifolia L. , Morinda officinalis , Penicillium herquei, Cryptolepis nigrescens, Persicaria hydropiper, Polygonum cuspidatum , Polygonum multiflorum , Fallopia sachalinensis, Polyporus umbellatus, Polysiphonia urceolata, Pseudopenicillium megasporum, Psorospermum androsaemifolium, Ramalina hierrensis, Rhamnus cathartica, Rhamnus formosana, Rhamnus kurdica, Rhamnus nepalensis, Rhamnus prinoides , Rhamnus procumbens, Rhamnus virgata, Rhamnus wightii , Rheum emodi , Rheum kialense, Rheum maximowiczii, Rheum officinale , Rheum palmatum , Rheum rhaponticum, Rheum sublanceolatum, Rheum tanguticum , Rubia cordifolia, Rumex abyssinicus, Rumex acetosella , Rumex aquaticus , Rumex confertus , Rumex crispus , Rumex cristatus, Rumex dentata, Rumex dentatus , Rumex hydrolapathum, Rumex japonicus , Rumex nepalensis , Rumex obtusifolius , Rumex patientia , Rumex scutatus , Rumex vesicarius , Sanguisorba alpina, Sargentodoxa cuneata, Saururus chinensis, Saussurea laniceps, Senna alexandrina, Senna artemisioides, Senna corymbosa, Senna didymobotrya, Senna floribunda, Senna italica, Senna longiracemosa, Senna multiglandulosa, Cassia obtusifolia , Senna occidentalis, Senna petersiana, Senna polyphylla, Senna septemtrionalis, Senna siamea, Senna singueana, Senna sophera , Senna spectabilis, Senna tora, Senna villosa, Streptomyces piomogenus, Tribulus terrestris , Uncaria rhynchophylla, Ventilago denticulata, Ventilago madraspatana, Vismia cayennensis, Vismia guineensis, Vismia latifolia, Vismia laurentii and Xanthoria parietina. Physcion was first documented in 2006 (PMID: 17125234). A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone bearing hydroxy substituents at positions 1 and 8, a methoxy group at position 3, and a methyl group at position 6 (PMID: 17397111). |
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