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Record Information
Version1.0
Created at2022-03-17 20:50:24 UTC
Updated at2022-03-17 20:50:24 UTC
NP-MRD IDNP0048057
Secondary Accession NumbersNone
Natural Product Identification
Common NameTomatidine
DescriptionTomatidine, also known as spirosolan-3-ol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as spirosolanes and derivatives. These are steroidal alkaloids with a structure containing a spirosolane skeleton. Siporosolane is a polycyclic compound that is characterized by a 1-oxa-6-azaspiro[4.5]Decane moiety where the oxolane ring is fused to a docosahydronaphth[2,1:4',5']Indene ring system. Spirosolane arises from the conversion of a cholestane side-chain into a bicyclic system containing a piperidine and a tetrahydrofuran ring. Tomatidine is a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). Outside of the human body, Tomatidine has been detected, but not quantified in, a few different foods, such as garden tomato, garden tomato (var.), And potato. This could make tomatidine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Tomatidine also inhibits cholesterol ester formation in Chinese hamster ovary cells overexpressing acyl-CoA:Cholesterol acyl-transferase (ACAT)-1 or ACAT-2, suggesting that tomatidine suppresses both ACAT-1 and ACAT-2 activities. Tomatidine has also been shown to significantly inhibit cholesterol ester accumulation induced by acetylated LDL in human monocyte-derived macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. Tomatidine is the aglycone derivative of tomatine. Red, ripe tomatoes have somewhat reduced amounts of tomatine and tomatidine. Recent studies have shown that tomatidine stimulates mTORC1 signaling and anabolism, leading to accumulation of protein and mitochondria, and ultimately, cell growth. Furthermore, in mice, tomatidine has been shown to increase skeletal muscle mTORC1 signaling, reduce skeletal muscle atrophy, enhance recovery from skeletal muscle atrophy, stimulate skeletal muscle hypertrophy, and increase strength and exercise capacity (PMID: 24719321 ). Tomatine (the glycosylated form of tomatidine) is a mildly toxic glycoalkaloid or glycospirosolane found in the stems and leaves of tomato plants as well as in the fruit of unripened (green) tomatoes (up to 500 mg/kg). Tomatidine is found in Lycianthes biflora, Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium , Solanum aculeastrum, Solanum brevidens, Solanum demissum, Solanum donianum, Solanum dulcamara , Solanum dunalianum, Solanum kieseritzkii, Solanum lyratum , Solanum megacarpum, Solanum pimpinellifolium Jusl.Mill. and Solanum polyadenium. It was first documented in 2000 (PMID: 11413487). Tomatidine belongs to the chemical family known as Spirosolanes and Derivatives (PMID: 16902246) (PMID: 24877760) (PMID: 24719321) (PMID: 22224814).
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
(22S,25S)-5alpha-Spirosolan-3beta-olHMDB
(3beta,5alpha,22beta,25S)-Spirosolan-3-olHMDB
(3beta,5alpha,25S)-Spirosolan-3-olHMDB
5a-Tomatidan-3b-ol, 8ciHMDB
5alpha -Tomatidan-3beta -olHMDB
5alpha-Tomatidan-3beta-olHMDB
5alpha-Tomatidan-3beta-ol (8ci)HMDB
Spirosolan-3-olHMDB
Spirosolan-3-ol, (3alpha ,22alpha -tomatidan-3beta -olHMDB
Spirosolan-3-ol, (3beta,5alpha,22beta,25S)- (9ci)HMDB
TomatidinHMDB
Tomatidine, (3beta,5alpha,22alpha,25R)-isomerMeSH
5 alpha,20 beta(F),22 alpha(F),25 beta(F),27- Azaspirostan-3 beta-olMeSH
SoladulcidineMeSH
Chemical FormulaC27H45NO2
Average Mass415.6517 Da
Monoisotopic Mass415.34503 Da
IUPAC Name5',7,9,13-tetramethyl-5-oxaspiro[pentacyclo[10.8.0.0²,⁹.0⁴,⁸.0¹³,¹⁸]icosane-6,2'-piperidine]-16-ol
Traditional Nametomatidine
CAS Registry Number77-59-8
SMILES
CC1C2C(CC3C4CCC5CC(O)CCC5(C)C4CCC23C)OC11CCC(C)CN1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C27H45NO2/c1-16-7-12-27(28-15-16)17(2)24-23(30-27)14-22-20-6-5-18-13-19(29)8-10-25(18,3)21(20)9-11-26(22,24)4/h16-24,28-29H,5-15H2,1-4H3
InChI KeyXYNPYHXGMWJBLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Experimental Spectra
Not Available
Predicted Spectra
Not Available
Chemical Shift Submissions
Not Available
Species
Species of Origin
Species NameSourceReference
Lycianthes bifloraLOTUS Database
Lycopersicon pimpinellifoliumPlant
Solanum aculeastrumLOTUS Database
Solanum brevidensPlant
Solanum demissumPlant
Solanum donianumLOTUS Database
Solanum dulcamaraPlant
Solanum dunalianumLOTUS Database
Solanum kieseritzkiiPlant
Solanum lycopersicumFooDB
    • Shmuel Yannai Dictionary of Food Compounds with CD-ROM: Additives, Flavors, and Ingredients. Chap...
Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicumFooDB
Solanum lyratumPlant
Solanum megacarpumPlant
Solanum pimpinellifolium Jusl.Mill.Plant
Solanum polyadeniumLOTUS Database
Solanum tuberosumFooDB
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as spirosolanes and derivatives. These are steroidal alkaloids with a structure containing a spirosolane skeleton. Siporosolane is a polycyclic compound that is characterized by a 1-oxa-6-azaspiro[4.5]Decane moiety where the oxolane ring is fused to a docosahydronaphth[2,1:4',5']Indene ring system. Spirosolane arises from the conversion of a cholestane side-chain into a bicyclic system containing a piperidine and a tetrahydrofuran ring.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassSteroids and steroid derivatives
Sub ClassSteroidal alkaloids
Direct ParentSpirosolanes and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Spirosolane skeleton
  • 3-hydroxysteroid
  • Hydroxysteroid
  • Azasteroid
  • Azaspirodecane
  • Alkaloid or derivatives
  • Piperidine
  • Tetrahydrofuran
  • Cyclic alcohol
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Hemiaminal
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Oxacycle
  • Secondary amine
  • Azacycle
  • Secondary aliphatic amine
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Amine
  • Alcohol
  • Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP4.72ALOGPS
logP5.02ChemAxon
logS-6.3ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)18.3ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)9.54ChemAxon
Physiological Charge1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area41.49 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count0ChemAxon
Refractivity121.1 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability51.09 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings6ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
HMDB IDHMDB0034731
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FoodDB IDFDB013270
KNApSAcK IDC00029023
Chemspider ID276680
KEGG Compound IDC10826
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound312827
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID9629
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
General References
  1. Simons K, Toomre D: Lipid rafts and signal transduction. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Oct;1(1):31-9. [PubMed:11413487 ]
  2. Watson AD: Thematic review series: systems biology approaches to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Lipidomics: a global approach to lipid analysis in biological systems. J Lipid Res. 2006 Oct;47(10):2101-11. Epub 2006 Aug 10. [PubMed:16902246 ]
  3. Chagnon F, Guay I, Bonin MA, Mitchell G, Bouarab K, Malouin F, Marsault E: Unraveling the structure-activity relationship of tomatidine, a steroid alkaloid with unique antibiotic properties against persistent forms of Staphylococcus aureus. Eur J Med Chem. 2014 Jun 10;80:605-20. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.11.019. [PubMed:24877760 ]
  4. Dyle MC, Ebert SM, Cook DP, Kunkel SD, Fox DK, Bongers KS, Bullard SA, Dierdorff JM, Adams CM: Systems-based discovery of tomatidine as a natural small molecule inhibitor of skeletal muscle atrophy. J Biol Chem. 2014 May 23;289(21):14913-24. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.556241. Epub 2014 Apr 9. [PubMed:24719321 ]
  5. Fujiwara Y, Kiyota N, Tsurushima K, Yoshitomi M, Horlad H, Ikeda T, Nohara T, Takeya M, Nagai R: Tomatidine, a tomato sapogenol, ameliorates hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice by inhibiting acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyl-transferase (ACAT). J Agric Food Chem. 2012 Mar 14;60(10):2472-9. doi: 10.1021/jf204197r. Epub 2012 Feb 28. [PubMed:22224814 ]