Record Information |
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Version | 1.0 |
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Created at | 2022-03-17 20:50:24 UTC |
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Updated at | 2022-03-17 20:50:24 UTC |
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NP-MRD ID | NP0048057 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Natural Product Identification |
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Common Name | Tomatidine |
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Description | Tomatidine, also known as spirosolan-3-ol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as spirosolanes and derivatives. These are steroidal alkaloids with a structure containing a spirosolane skeleton. Siporosolane is a polycyclic compound that is characterized by a 1-oxa-6-azaspiro[4.5]Decane moiety where the oxolane ring is fused to a docosahydronaphth[2,1:4',5']Indene ring system. Spirosolane arises from the conversion of a cholestane side-chain into a bicyclic system containing a piperidine and a tetrahydrofuran ring. Tomatidine is a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). Outside of the human body, Tomatidine has been detected, but not quantified in, a few different foods, such as garden tomato, garden tomato (var.), And potato. This could make tomatidine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Tomatidine also inhibits cholesterol ester formation in Chinese hamster ovary cells overexpressing acyl-CoA:Cholesterol acyl-transferase (ACAT)-1 or ACAT-2, suggesting that tomatidine suppresses both ACAT-1 and ACAT-2 activities. Tomatidine has also been shown to significantly inhibit cholesterol ester accumulation induced by acetylated LDL in human monocyte-derived macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. Tomatidine is the aglycone derivative of tomatine. Red, ripe tomatoes have somewhat reduced amounts of tomatine and tomatidine. Recent studies have shown that tomatidine stimulates mTORC1 signaling and anabolism, leading to accumulation of protein and mitochondria, and ultimately, cell growth. Furthermore, in mice, tomatidine has been shown to increase skeletal muscle mTORC1 signaling, reduce skeletal muscle atrophy, enhance recovery from skeletal muscle atrophy, stimulate skeletal muscle hypertrophy, and increase strength and exercise capacity (PMID: 24719321 ). Tomatine (the glycosylated form of tomatidine) is a mildly toxic glycoalkaloid or glycospirosolane found in the stems and leaves of tomato plants as well as in the fruit of unripened (green) tomatoes (up to 500 mg/kg). Tomatidine is found in Lycianthes biflora, Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium , Solanum aculeastrum, Solanum brevidens, Solanum demissum, Solanum donianum, Solanum dulcamara , Solanum dunalianum, Solanum kieseritzkii, Solanum lyratum , Solanum megacarpum, Solanum pimpinellifolium Jusl.Mill. and Solanum polyadenium. It was first documented in 2000 (PMID: 11413487). Tomatidine belongs to the chemical family known as Spirosolanes and Derivatives (PMID: 16902246) (PMID: 24877760) (PMID: 24719321) (PMID: 22224814). |
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Structure | CC1C2C(CC3C4CCC5CC(O)CCC5(C)C4CCC23C)OC11CCC(C)CN1 InChI=1S/C27H45NO2/c1-16-7-12-27(28-15-16)17(2)24-23(30-27)14-22-20-6-5-18-13-19(29)8-10-25(18,3)21(20)9-11-26(22,24)4/h16-24,28-29H,5-15H2,1-4H3 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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(22S,25S)-5alpha-Spirosolan-3beta-ol | HMDB | (3beta,5alpha,22beta,25S)-Spirosolan-3-ol | HMDB | (3beta,5alpha,25S)-Spirosolan-3-ol | HMDB | 5a-Tomatidan-3b-ol, 8ci | HMDB | 5alpha -Tomatidan-3beta -ol | HMDB | 5alpha-Tomatidan-3beta-ol | HMDB | 5alpha-Tomatidan-3beta-ol (8ci) | HMDB | Spirosolan-3-ol | HMDB | Spirosolan-3-ol, (3alpha ,22alpha -tomatidan-3beta -ol | HMDB | Spirosolan-3-ol, (3beta,5alpha,22beta,25S)- (9ci) | HMDB | Tomatidin | HMDB | Tomatidine, (3beta,5alpha,22alpha,25R)-isomer | MeSH | 5 alpha,20 beta(F),22 alpha(F),25 beta(F),27- Azaspirostan-3 beta-ol | MeSH | Soladulcidine | MeSH |
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Chemical Formula | C27H45NO2 |
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Average Mass | 415.6517 Da |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 415.34503 Da |
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IUPAC Name | 5',7,9,13-tetramethyl-5-oxaspiro[pentacyclo[10.8.0.0²,⁹.0⁴,⁸.0¹³,¹⁸]icosane-6,2'-piperidine]-16-ol |
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Traditional Name | tomatidine |
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CAS Registry Number | 77-59-8 |
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SMILES | CC1C2C(CC3C4CCC5CC(O)CCC5(C)C4CCC23C)OC11CCC(C)CN1 |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C27H45NO2/c1-16-7-12-27(28-15-16)17(2)24-23(30-27)14-22-20-6-5-18-13-19(29)8-10-25(18,3)21(20)9-11-26(22,24)4/h16-24,28-29H,5-15H2,1-4H3 |
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InChI Key | XYNPYHXGMWJBLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Experimental Spectra |
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| Not Available | Predicted Spectra |
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| Not Available | Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Not Available | Species |
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Species of Origin | |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as spirosolanes and derivatives. These are steroidal alkaloids with a structure containing a spirosolane skeleton. Siporosolane is a polycyclic compound that is characterized by a 1-oxa-6-azaspiro[4.5]Decane moiety where the oxolane ring is fused to a docosahydronaphth[2,1:4',5']Indene ring system. Spirosolane arises from the conversion of a cholestane side-chain into a bicyclic system containing a piperidine and a tetrahydrofuran ring. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Lipids and lipid-like molecules |
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Class | Steroids and steroid derivatives |
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Sub Class | Steroidal alkaloids |
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Direct Parent | Spirosolanes and derivatives |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Spirosolane skeleton
- 3-hydroxysteroid
- Hydroxysteroid
- Azasteroid
- Azaspirodecane
- Alkaloid or derivatives
- Piperidine
- Tetrahydrofuran
- Cyclic alcohol
- Secondary alcohol
- Hemiaminal
- Organoheterocyclic compound
- Oxacycle
- Secondary amine
- Azacycle
- Secondary aliphatic amine
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organonitrogen compound
- Organooxygen compound
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Amine
- Alcohol
- Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | Not Available |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Not Available |
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Experimental Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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Predicted Properties | |
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General References | - Simons K, Toomre D: Lipid rafts and signal transduction. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Oct;1(1):31-9. [PubMed:11413487 ]
- Watson AD: Thematic review series: systems biology approaches to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Lipidomics: a global approach to lipid analysis in biological systems. J Lipid Res. 2006 Oct;47(10):2101-11. Epub 2006 Aug 10. [PubMed:16902246 ]
- Chagnon F, Guay I, Bonin MA, Mitchell G, Bouarab K, Malouin F, Marsault E: Unraveling the structure-activity relationship of tomatidine, a steroid alkaloid with unique antibiotic properties against persistent forms of Staphylococcus aureus. Eur J Med Chem. 2014 Jun 10;80:605-20. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.11.019. [PubMed:24877760 ]
- Dyle MC, Ebert SM, Cook DP, Kunkel SD, Fox DK, Bongers KS, Bullard SA, Dierdorff JM, Adams CM: Systems-based discovery of tomatidine as a natural small molecule inhibitor of skeletal muscle atrophy. J Biol Chem. 2014 May 23;289(21):14913-24. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.556241. Epub 2014 Apr 9. [PubMed:24719321 ]
- Fujiwara Y, Kiyota N, Tsurushima K, Yoshitomi M, Horlad H, Ikeda T, Nohara T, Takeya M, Nagai R: Tomatidine, a tomato sapogenol, ameliorates hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice by inhibiting acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyl-transferase (ACAT). J Agric Food Chem. 2012 Mar 14;60(10):2472-9. doi: 10.1021/jf204197r. Epub 2012 Feb 28. [PubMed:22224814 ]
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