| Description | Imperatorin, also known as ammidin or marmelosin, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as psoralens. These are organic compounds containing a psoralen moiety, which consists of a furan fused to a chromenone to for 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one. Imperatorin is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Outside of the human body, Imperatorin is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as parsnips, lovages, and parsley and in a lower concentration in fennels. Imperatorin has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as wild celeries, anises, dills, fruits, and lambsquarters. This could make imperatorin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Imperatorin is a potentially toxic compound. All photobiological effects of furocoumarins result from their photochemical reactions. PON1 can inactivate some organophosphates through hydrolysis. Imperatorin is found in Aegle marmelos , Aeglopsis chevalieri, Afraegle paniculata, Allium wallichii, Ammi majus, Ammi visnaga, Amyris pinnata, Angelica archangelica , Angelica dahurica , Angelica decursiva, Angelica furcijuga KITAGAWA, Angelica keiskei, Angelica komarovii, Angelica lucida, Angelica saxatilis, Angelica sinensis , Angelica spp., Angelica taiwaniana, Angelica ursina, Angelica ursina Maxim, Aspergillus flavus, Atalantia ceylanica, Brachyclados megalanthus, Cachrys sicula, Cicerbita alpina, Citrus meyeri, Poncirus trifoliata , Clausena anisata , Clausena lansium, Cnidium monnieri , Corydalis bungeana , Daucus carota, Deverra tortuosa, Deverra triradiata, Dinosperma stipitatum, Esenbeckia grandiflora, Esenbeckia yaxhoob Lundell, Euphorbia bivonae, Ferula communis, Ferula mogoltavica, Ferula moschata, Ferula sumbul , Ferula syreitschikowii, Fragaria spp., Glehnia littoralis , Hansenia weberbaueriana, Heracleum aconitifolium, Heracleum asperum, Heracleum candicans, Heracleum canescens, Heracleum dissectum, Heracleum granatense, Heracleum mantegazzianum, Heracleum moellendorffii Hance, Heracleum moellendorffii Hance var.paucivitatum, Heracleum pinnatum, Heracleum ponticum, Heracleum rapula, Heracleum sphondylium , Heracleum spp., Heracleum woroschiklowii, Leptothyrsa sprucei, Libanotis buchtormensis, Ligusticum multivittatum, Magydaris pastinacea, Melicope triphylla, Metrodorea flavida, Murraya paniculata , Niphogeton ternata, Opopanax chironium, Oppopanax chironium, Orixa japonica , Ostericum grosseserratum, Pamburus missionis, Pastinaca spp., Peucedanum dhana, Peucedanum japonicum, Peucedanum ostruthium , Peucedanum palustre, Peucedanum rubricaule, Phebalium canaliculatum, Phebalium tuberculosum, Pleurospermum rivulorum, Prangos bucharica, Prangos didyma, Prangos ferulacea, Prangos lipskyi, Prangos lophoptera, Prangos pabularia , Prangos trifida, Prangos tschimganica, Ptelea trifolia, Rhadinothamnus rudis, Ruta graveolens, Saposhnikovia divaricata, Saposhnikovia divaricata Schischkin, Seseli tortuosum LBS.Eur., Seseli webbii Cosson., Seseli yunnanense, Skimmia japonica, Skimmia laureola, Angelica capitellata, Thamnosma rhodesica, Thamnosma texana, Tordyliopsis brunonis, Trichocline caulescens, Zanthoxylum americanum, Zanthoxylum rhoifolium, Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides and Zeravschania regeliana. Imperatorin was first documented in 2002 (PMID: 12510838). Increasing muscle weakness is a possibility and may result in death if respiratory muscles are involved. |
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