| Description | Isopimpinellin, also known as dimethylpsoralen, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 8-methoxypsoralens. These are psoralens containing a methoxy group attached at the C8 position of the psoralen group. Furocoumarin photochemotherapy is known to induce a number of side-effects including erythema, edema, hyperpigmentation, and premature aging of skin. The furocoumarin 8-methoxypsoralen is carcinogenic to humans, and possibly 5-methoxypsoralen as well (L135). The mechanism of action many furocoumarins is based on their ability to form photoadducts with DNA and other cellular components such as RNA, proteins, and several proteins found in the membrane such as phospholipases A2 and C, Ca-dependent and cAMPdependent protein-kinase and epidermal growth factor. Isopimpinellin is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Outside of the human body, Isopimpinellin is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as parsley, celery stalks, and fennels. Isopimpinellin has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as carrots, parsnips, anises, limes, and wild celeries. This could make isopimpinellin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. IARC has assessed other furocoumarins, classifying 8-methoxypsoralen as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1), 5-methoxypsoralen as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A), and certain other furocoumarins as not being classifiable as to their carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3). Isopimpinellin is a potentially toxic compound. Isopimpinelin strongly inhibits insulin-stimulated lipogenesis. All photobiological effects of furocoumarins result from their photochemical reactions. There is some evidence from mouse studies that other furocoumarins are carcinogenic when combined with exposure to UVA radiation (A15105). Isopimpinellin is found in Aeglopsis chevalieri, Alocasia macrorrhizos, Ammi majus, Angelica acutiloba, Angelica archangelica , Angelica japonica, Angelica pubescens, Angelica pubescens f.biserrata , Angelica spp., Asterolasia phebalioides, Boenninghausenia albiflora, Cachrys sicula, Campylotropis hirtella, Campylotropis hirtella (FRANCH.) SCHNDL, Casimiroa edulis, Citrus bergamia , Citrus clementina, Citrus maxima , Citrus medica , Citrus paradisi , Cnidium japonicum, Cnidium monnieri , Deverra tortuosa, Deverra triradiata, Dinosperma melanophloium, Dinosperma stipitatum, Dorstenia asaroides, Dorstenia bahiensis, Dorstenia barnimiana, Dorstenia brasiliensis , Dorstenia bryonifolia, Dorstenia cayapiaa, Dorstenia contrajerva , Dorstenia drakena , Dorstenia excentria, Dorstenia foetida, Dorstenia heringerii, Dorstenia lindeniana, Dorstenia psilurus, Esenbeckia grandiflora, Tetradium daniellii, Euphorbia bivonae, Fagara mayu, Ferula mogoltavica, Ferula spp., Ficus cunninghamii, Flindersia bennettiana, Glehnia littoralis, Heracleum asperum, Heracleum dissectum, Heracleum granatense, Heracleum grandiflorum, Heracleum lehmannianum, Heracleum leskovii, Heracleum mantegazzianum, Heracleum moellendorffii Hance, Heracleum moellendorffii Hance var.paucivitatum, Heracleum nepalense , Heracleum pastinacifolium, Heracleum persicum, Heracleum ponticum, Heracleum pyrenaicum, Heracleum rapula, Heracleum sphondylium , Heracleum spp., Heracleum stevenii, Heracleum vicinum, Heracleum wallichii, Heracleum woroschiklowii, Heracleum yungningense, Hortia superba, Ligusticum multivittatum, Feronia limonia , Luvunga sp., Magydaris pastinacea, Melicope denhamii, Metrodorea flavida, Metrodorea nigra, Niphogeton ternata, Orixa japonica, Pamburus missionis, Pastinaca spp., Peucedanum officinale, Pimpinella saxifraga, Pimpinella spp., Pleurospermum rivulorum, Psilopeganum sinense, Pleurospermum angelicoides, Rhadinothamnus anceps, Ruta chalepensis L. , Ruta corsica, Ruta graveolens , Ruta montana, Ruta pinnata, Saposhnikovia divaricata, Seseli elatum, Seseli spp., Skimmia japonica, Skimmia laureola, Angelica capitellata, Stellera chamaejasme , Thamnosma montana, Thamnosma rhodesica, Thamnosma texana, Toddalia asiatica , Tordylium apulum , Trichocline incana, Zanthoxylum ailanthoides, Zanthoxylum belizense, Zanthoxylum ekmanii, Zanthoxylum mayu, Zanthoxylum ovalifolium and Zanthoxylum rhoifolium. It induces hepatic GSTs and is potent inhibitor of cytochrome P450 1A1/1B1. |
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