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Record Information
Version2.0
Created at2022-03-17 20:47:01 UTC
Updated at2022-03-17 20:47:02 UTC
NP-MRD IDNP0047853
Secondary Accession NumbersNone
Natural Product Identification
Common NameTomatine
DescriptionTomatine, also known as a''-tomatidine or alpha -tomatine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as steroidal saponins. These are saponins in which the aglycone moiety is a steroid. The steroidal aglycone is usually a spirostane, furostane, spirosolane, solanidane, or curcubitacin derivative. Tomatine is a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). Outside of the human body, tomatine is found, on average, in the highest concentration in garden tomato (var.). Tomatine has also been detected, but not quantified in, garden tomato and potato. This could make tomatine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Tomatine is found in Apis cerana, Solanum acaule, Solanum demissum, Solanum dulcamara, Solanum etuberosum, Solanum kieseritzkii, Solanum lycopersicoides, Solanum peruvianum, Solanum peruvianum var.chutatum., Solanum putatu and Solanum spp.. Tomatine was first documented in 1971 (PMID: 4362143). It is possible that the increased heart rate comes from alteration of the electric properties of heart cell membranes by positively charged tomatine ions, because of participation in acid-base equilibriums (PMID: 19514731) (PMID: 18835993) (PMID: 10942315) (PMID: 15193398).
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
A''-tomatidineHMDB
a-TomatineHMDB
alpha -TomatineHMDB
alpha-TomatineHMDB
LycopersicinHMDB
Tomatidine, glycosideHMDB
TomatinHMDB
TomatineMeSH
Chemical FormulaC50H83NO21
Average Mass1034.1881 Da
Monoisotopic Mass1033.54576 Da
IUPAC Name2-[(2-{[4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-{5',7,9,13-tetramethyl-5-oxaspiro[pentacyclo[10.8.0.0²,⁹.0⁴,⁸.0¹³,¹⁸]icosane-6,2'-piperidine]oxy}oxan-3-yl]oxy}-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy]oxan-3-yl)oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
Traditional Name2-[(2-{[4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-{5',7,9,13-tetramethyl-5-oxaspiro[pentacyclo[10.8.0.0²,⁹.0⁴,⁸.0¹³,¹⁸]icosane-6,2'-piperidine]oxy}oxan-3-yl]oxy}-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy]oxan-3-yl)oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
CAS Registry Number17406-45-0
SMILES
CC1C2C(CC3C4CCC5CC(CCC5(C)C4CCC23C)OC2OC(CO)C(OC3OC(CO)C(O)C(OC4OCC(O)C(O)C4O)C3OC3OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C3O)C(O)C2O)OC11CCC(C)CN1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C50H83NO21/c1-20-7-12-50(51-15-20)21(2)32-28(72-50)14-26-24-6-5-22-13-23(8-10-48(22,3)25(24)9-11-49(26,32)4)65-45-40(63)37(60)41(31(18-54)68-45)69-47-43(71-46-39(62)36(59)34(57)29(16-52)66-46)42(35(58)30(17-53)67-47)70-44-38(61)33(56)27(55)19-64-44/h20-47,51-63H,5-19H2,1-4H3
InChI KeyREJLGAUYTKNVJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Experimental Spectra
Not Available
Predicted Spectra
Not Available
Chemical Shift Submissions
Not Available
Species
Species of Origin
Species NameSourceReference
Apis ceranaLOTUS Database
Solanum acauleLOTUS Database
Solanum demissumLOTUS Database
Solanum dulcamaraLOTUS Database
Solanum etuberosumLOTUS Database
Solanum kieseritzkiiLOTUS Database
Solanum lycopersicoidesLOTUS Database
Solanum lycopersicumFooDB
    • Shmuel Yannai Dictionary of Food Compounds with CD-ROM: Additives, Flavors, and Ingredients. Chap...
Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformeFooDB
Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicumFooDB
Solanum peruvianumPlant
Solanum peruvianum var.chutatum.Plant
Solanum putatuPlant
Solanum spp.Plant
Solanum tuberosumFooDB
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as steroidal saponins. These are saponins in which the aglycone moiety is a steroid. The steroidal aglycone is usually a spirostane, furostane, spirosolane, solanidane, or curcubitacin derivative.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassSteroids and steroid derivatives
Sub ClassSteroidal glycosides
Direct ParentSteroidal saponins
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Steroidal saponin
  • Diterpene glycoside
  • Spirosolane skeleton
  • Oligosaccharide
  • Diterpenoid
  • Steroidal alkaloid
  • Azasteroid
  • Terpene glycoside
  • Glycosyl compound
  • O-glycosyl compound
  • Azaspirodecane
  • Alkaloid or derivatives
  • Oxane
  • Piperidine
  • Tetrahydrofuran
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Hemiaminal
  • Polyol
  • Secondary amine
  • Acetal
  • Secondary aliphatic amine
  • Oxacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Azacycle
  • Primary alcohol
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Amine
  • Alcohol
  • Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP-0.14ALOGPS
logP-1.4ChemAxon
logS-2.8ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)11.78ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)9.54ChemAxon
Physiological Charge1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count22ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count13ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area337.86 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count11ChemAxon
Refractivity244.79 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability110.87 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings10ChemAxon
BioavailabilityNoChemAxon
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
HMDB IDHMDB0034103
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FoodDB IDFDB012367
KNApSAcK IDC00002268
Chemspider ID5312
KEGG Compound IDC10827
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkTomatine
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound5513
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID9630
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
General References
  1. Friedman M, Levin CE, Lee SU, Kim HJ, Lee IS, Byun JO, Kozukue N: Tomatine-containing green tomato extracts inhibit growth of human breast, colon, liver, and stomach cancer cells. J Agric Food Chem. 2009 Jul 8;57(13):5727-33. doi: 10.1021/jf900364j. [PubMed:19514731 ]
  2. Seipke RF, Loria R: Streptomyces scabies 87-22 possesses a functional tomatinase. J Bacteriol. 2008 Dec;190(23):7684-92. doi: 10.1128/JB.01010-08. Epub 2008 Oct 3. [PubMed:18835993 ]
  3. Cayen MN: Effect of dietary tomatine on cholesterol metabolism in the rat. J Lipid Res. 1971 Jul;12(4):482-90. [PubMed:4362143 ]
  4. Friedman M, Fitch TE, Yokoyama WE: Lowering of plasma LDL cholesterol in hamsters by the tomato glycoalkaloid tomatine. Food Chem Toxicol. 2000 Jul;38(7):549-53. doi: 10.1016/s0278-6915(00)00050-8. [PubMed:10942315 ]
  5. Morrow WJ, Yang YW, Sheikh NA: Immunobiology of the Tomatine adjuvant. Vaccine. 2004 Jun 23;22(19):2380-4. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.03.022. [PubMed:15193398 ]