Description | Scopoletin, also known as 6-methylesculetin or acid, gelseminic, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 7-hydroxycoumarins. These are coumarins that contain one or more hydroxyl groups attached to the C7 position the coumarin skeleton. Scopoletin is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Scopoletin exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Outside of the human body, Scopoletin is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as anises, oats, and sherries. Scopoletin has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as barley, tarragons, mung beans, figs, and pepper (c. Annuum). This could make scopoletin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Scopoletin is found in Abutilon indicum , Acacia ehrenbergiana , Acer nikoense , Aceraceae nikoense, Achillea biebersteinii , Achillea biserrata, Achillea impatiens, Achyrocline bogotensis (HBK.) DC., Aconitum kongboense, Adansonia digitata , Adonis amurensis , Aegle marmelos , Aesculus hippocastanum, Aesculus turbinata, Aglaia crassinervia, Aglaia edulis , Aglaia odorata, Aglaia perviridis, Aglaia rimosa, Ailanthus altissima, Ailanthus altissima , Allagopappus canariensis, Allamanda schottii, Allium rotundum, Althaea armeniaca, Althaea officinalis, Alyxia lucida, Alyxia reinwardtii, Ambrosia artemisioides, Ammi majus, Amyris pinnata, Anagyris foetida, Angelica acutiloba , Angelica archangelica, Angelica dahurica , Angelica japonica, Angelica pubescens, Angelica pubescens f.biserrata , Angelica sinensis , Antennaria geyeri , Anthemis cupaniana, Anthriscus sylvestris, Arabidopsis thaliana, Aralia fargesii, Arctotheca calendula, Aristotelia chilensis, Arnica mollis, Artemisia abrotanum, Artemisia absinthium, Artemisia adamsii, Artemisia afra , Artemisia alba, Artemisia annua , Artemisia anomala, Artemisia arborescens, Artemisia argyi, Artemisia assoana, Artemisia campestris, Artemisia capillaris , Artemisia chamaemelifolia, Artemisia compacta, Artemisia douglasiana, Artemisia eriopoda, Artemisia feddei, Artemisia freyniana, Artemisia gmelinii, Artemisia herba-alba, Artemisia ifranensis, Artemisia incanescens, Artemisia ireyniana, Artemisia jacutica, Artemisia japonica , Artemisia keiskeana, Artemisia laciniata, Artemisia marschalliana, Artemisia minor, Artemisia montana, Artemisia nova, Artemisia ordosica, Artemisia princeps, Artemisia rubripes, Artemisia rutifolia, Artemisia santolinifolia, Artemisia scoparia , Artemisia tridentata, Artemisia tripartita, Astragalus brachycarpus, Astragalus onobrychis, Atractylodes macrocephala, Atropa belladonna , Avena fatua, Azadirachta indica, Baccharis magellanica, Baccharis megapotamica, Baccharis neaei, Baccharis patagonica, Baccharis salicifolia, Baccharis tola, Balbisia calycina, Baptisia arachnifera, Baptisia bracteata, Baptisia calycosa, Baptisia cinerea, Baptisia lanceolata, Baptisia nuttalliana, Baptisia perfoliata, Baptisia simplicifolia, Baptisia tinctoria , Benkara malabarica, Berchemia formosana, Bidens tripartita, Bistorta officinalis, Blainvillea acmella, Boltonia asteroides, Boronella koniambiensis, Bosistoa transversa, Brunfelsia grandiflora, Brunfelsia grandiflora D.DON , Bunium incrassatum, Bupleurum fruticosum, Bupleurum salicifolium, Bursera simaruba , Bursera tonkinensis, Cacalia hastata, Calendula officinalis, Callisia fragrans, Caltha palustris , Calycanthus chinensis, Psydrax subcordata, Caragana frutex, Caragana spinosa, Carapa guianensis, Carissa spinarum, Carpesium macrocephalum, Casearia graveolens, Cassia fistula, Catunaregam nilotica, Catunaregam obovata, Centaurea aspera, Centaurea collina, Centaurea pseudomaculosa, Centaurea pseudoscabiosa, Centaurea pseudoscabiosa subsp.pseudoscabiosa Boiss.et aBuhse, Centaurea ptosimopappoides, Cephalanthus occidentalis, Chaerophyllum hirsutum, Chenopodium murale , Chloranthus japonicus, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum, Glebionis segetum, Cicuta virosa, Cirsium rhinoceros, Cistus laurifolius, Citrus japonica, Citrus sinensis, Citrus sinensis cv.Valencia , Poncirus trifoliata , Cladanthus arabicus, Clausena anisata , Clausena excavata, Cleidion spiciflorum (Burm. f.) Merr. , Convolvulus scammonia , Coprosma propinqua, Coprosma robusta , Coprosma rotundifolia, Coprosma tenuicaulis, Coptis trifolia, Coronilla scorpioides, Coronilla vaginalis, Coronilla valentina, Coronilla varia , Coussarea macrophylla, Cressa cretica, Crotalaria mysorensis, Croton draco Schltdl.& Cham., Cruciata laevipes, Cruciata taurica, Curcuma mangga , Cynara cornigera, Dendrobium densiflorum, Dendrobium densiflorum Lindl.ex.Wall., Dictamnus albus, Dictamnus angustifolius, Dictamnus dasycarpus, Hedyotis capitellata , Diospyros glaucifolia, Diospyros maritima , Diospyros wallichii, Tricalysia dubia, Dipterocarpus hasseltii, Dodonaea viscosa, Echinacea purpurea, Echinosophora koreensis, Ekebergia capensis, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Erigeron breviscapus, Philotheca myoporoides, Erycibe obtusifolia, Erycibe schmidtii, Eryngium bourgatii, Eucalyptus viminalis, Tetradium glabrifolium, Acanthostyles buniifolius, Euphorbia aleppica, Euphorbia ferganensis, Euphorbia heteradena, Euphorbia hirsuta, Euphorbia hirta, Euphorbia humifusa, Euphorbia iberica, Euphorbia lagascae, Euphorbia maculata, Euphorbia micractina, Euphorbia nicaeensis, Euphorbia plumerioides, Euphorbia pubescens, Pedilanthus tithymaloides , Eurycoma longifolia, Evolvulus alsinoides, Fabiana imbricata, Falcaria vulgaris, Fatoua villosa, Ferula linkii, Ferulopsis hystrix, Ficus auriculata, Ficus nervosa, Ficus pumila, Ficus sagittata, Firmiana simplex, Fraxinus chinensis, Fraxinus ornus, Fraxinus pallisae, Fraxinus szaboana , Galinsoga quadriradiata, Gardenia carinata, Gelsemium elegans, Gelsemium sempervirens , Ginkgo biloba , Givotia madagascariensis, Glehnia littoralis , Glycyrrhiza uralensis , Gomortega keule, Gonospermum canariense, Gonospermum elegans, Tanacetum ferulaceum, Gonospermum fruticosum, Gonospermum gomerae, Gossypium hirsutum, Guarea guidonia, Guarea rhophalocarpa, Gundelia tournefortii, Gymnophyton isatidicarpum, Hannoa klaineana, Haplopappus obtusifolium, Haplophyllum acutifolium, Haplophyllum bungei, Haplophyllum cappadocicum, Haplophyllum dauricum, Haplophyllum obtusifolium, Haplophyllum patavinum, Haplophyllum ramosissimum, Haplophyllum villosum, Harrisonia perforata, Helianthus annuus, Helichrysum italicum, Helichrysum maracandicum, Helichrysum stoechas, Heracleum granatense, Heracleum grandiflorum, Heracleum maximum, Heracleum lehmannianum, Heracleum pyrenaicum, Heracleum yungningense, Hevea brasiliensis, Hibiscus syriacus , Hibiscus taiwanensis, Hymenodictyon floribundum, Hymenodictyon orixense, Ilex pubescens var.glaber , Impatiens balsamina, Inula helenium L. , Iostephane heterophylla, Ipomoea cairica, Ipomoea nil, Ipomoea orizabensis , Ipomopsis aggregata, Ixora coccinea, Jurinea albicaulis, Khaya anthotheca, Khaya ivorensis , Khaya senegalensis, Khaya senegalensis L. , Layia carnosa, Leionema phylicifolium, Lessingianthus mollissimus, Litsea szemaois, Lomatia hirsuta, Lonicera hypoleuca, Lugoa revoluta, Lycium barnarum, Lycium chinense , Lycium chinense var.potaninii , Macaranga barteri, Macaranga denticulata, Macaranga triloba, Machilus thunbergii , Magnolia biondii, Mallotus apelta, Mallotus japonicus, Mallotus resinosus, Malva sylvestris , Mandevilla hirsuta, Mandragora autumnalis , Mandragora officinarum, Matayba arborescens, Matricaria chamomilla, Gymnosporia senegalensis, Medicago sativa , Sinodielsia yunnanensis, Melia azedarach, Melicope barbigera, Melilotus alba, Melilotus indicus, Mentzelia decapetala, Menyanthes trifoliata, Metrodorea nigra, Microliabum polymnioides, Micromelum integerrimum , Micromelum minutum, Microtoena prainiana, Mitragyna africanus WILLD., Mitragyna inermis, Mondia whitei, Morinda citrifolia , Morinda officinalis , Morus alba , Morus cathayana, Morus mongolica, Murraya exotica, Murraya paniculata , Myrtus communis, Nauclea orientalis, Nealchornea yapurensis, Nephrotheca ilicifolia, Nerium odorum, Nicotiana glauca, Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana tabacum, Nierembergia aristata, Nierembergia linariifolia, Nothapodytes nimmoniana, Olea capensis, Onobrychis kemularia, Onobrychis kemulariae, Ophiorrhiza kuroiwae, Ophiorrhiza liukiuensis, Oreocnide frutescens, Pamburus missionis, Parastrephia quadrangularis, Patrinia scabiosaefolia , Pelargonium reniforme, Pelargonium sidoides , Peltostigma guatemalense, Inula britannica , Dolichopentas longiflora, Perezia megalantha, Periploca sepium, Peucedanum praeruptorum, Peucedanum praeruptorum DUNN., Phebalium clavatum, Phebalium squamulosum, Phellodendron amurense , Phellodendron chinense, Phellodendron japonicum MAXIM, Philotheca spicata, Boeremia foveata, Phyllanthus angkorensis, Phyllanthus polyphyllus var.siamensis, Phyllanthus sellowianus, Physochlaina physaloides, Picramnia latifolia, Pileostegia viburnoides var. glabrescens, Platanus hispanica, Platytaenia dasycarpa, Plumeria obtusa, Plumeria rubra, Poa huecu, Polyalthia suberosa, Polygonatum orientale, Polygonum aviculare , Populus tremula, Potentilla argentea, Potentilla erecta, Prangos bucharica, Prangos uloptera, Protium heptaphyllum, Prunella vulgaris, Prunus serotina , Pterocaulon polystachyum, Pterocaulon virgatum , Pterospermum lanceaefolium , Pulicaria arabica, Pyracantha coccinea, Quercus petraea, Quercus pyrenaica, Quercus robur, Quercus suber, Catunaregam spinosa, Ranunculus sieboldii, Rhodiola coccinea, Rhododendron dauricum , Rhododendron ferrugineum, Rhododendron luteum, Rhododendron micranthum, Rhododendron spinuliferum, Rhododendron tolmachevii, Rhus chinensis, Richardia brasiliensis, Sida hermaphrodita, Rubia cordifolia, Rubia tinctorum, Rubia wallichiana, Rubia wallichiana DECNE , Ruta graveolens, Ruta montana, Santolina oblongifolia, Santolina pinnata, Saposhnikovia divaricata, Saposhnikovia divaricata Schischkin, Sarcandra glabra, Saussurea laniceps, Saussurea superba, Scaphopetalum thonneri , Schleichera oleosa , Schumanniophyton problematicum, Scopolia japonica , Scorzonera divaricata, Scorzonera pseudodivaricata, Securigera elegans, Securigera securidaca, Semenovia dasycarpa, Shorea pinanga, Sida acuta , Sida rhombifolia , Simaba orinocensis, Sinacalia tangutica, Skimmia laureola, Solanum aethiopicum, Solanum crispum, Solanum dasyphyllum, Solanum indicum , Solanum lyratum, Sonchus fauces-orci, Stellera chamaejasme, Sterculia urens, Streptomyces griseus, Swietenia macrophylla, Tagetes lucida, Talipariti tiliaceum, Tamilnadia uliginosa, Tanacetopsis mucronata, Tanacetum parthenium, Tanacetum vulgare, Tetrapleura tetraptera, Todaroa aurea, Tolpis webbii, Toona ciliata, Toona sinensis, Mallotus nudiflorus, Triadica sebifera, Trifolium pratense , Trigonella foenum-graecum , Trigonostemon reidioides, Uncaria sinensis , Urceola rosea, Urtica dioica , Vaccinium myrtillus , Vaccinium uriginosum, Vaccinium vitis-idaea , Vachellia flava, Vahlia capensis, Vepris soyauxii, Vicia sativa , Vicia truncatula, Vitis vinifera, Weigela subsessilis, Withania somnifera , Xanthium sibiricum, Xenophyllum dactylophyllum, Zanthoxylum ailanthoides, Zanthoxylum avicennae, Zanthoxylum fagara, Zanthoxylum gilletii, Zanthoxylum integrifoliolum, Zanthoxylum nitidum, Zanthoxylum schinifolium, Zanthoxylum simulans and Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides. It was first documented in 2011 (PMID: 20686865). A hydroxycoumarin that is umbelliferone bearing a methoxy substituent at position 6 (PMID: 30634079) (PMID: 21078410) (PMID: 21163341) (PMID: 21383663). |
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