| Record Information |
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| Version | 2.0 |
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| Created at | 2021-06-20 21:53:12 UTC |
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| Updated at | 2021-06-30 00:12:48 UTC |
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| NP-MRD ID | NP0039462 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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| Natural Product Identification |
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| Common Name | saxitoxin |
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| Provided By | JEOL Database |
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| Description | Saxitoxin, also known as saxitoxin (8ci) or gonyaulax toxin, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as saxitoxins, gonyautoxins, and derivatives. Saxitoxins, gonyautoxins, and derivatives are compounds with a structure based on a 2,6-diamino-4-methyl-pyrrolo[1,2-c]purin-10-ol skeleton. Saxitoxin is a secondary metabolite. Secondary metabolites are metabolically or physiologically non-essential metabolites that may serve a role as defense or signalling molecules. In some cases they are simply molecules that arise from the incomplete metabolism of other secondary metabolites. saxitoxin is found in Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, Atelopus zeteki, Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Gonyaulax catenella, Lingulodinium polyedra, Mytilus californianus , Protogonyaulax tamarensis, Pyrodinium bahamense, Saxidomus gigantea, Saxidomus giganteus, Saxidomus nuttalli and Zosimus aeneus. saxitoxin was first documented in 2013 (PMID: 22628533). Based on a literature review a small amount of articles have been published on Saxitoxin (PMID: 23966031) (PMID: 24184516) (PMID: 24460188) (PMID: 32323358). |
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| Structure | [H]OC1(O[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N2C(=N[H])N([H])[C@@]([H])(C([H])([H])OC(=O)N([H])[H])[C@]3([H])N([H])C(=N[H])N([H])[C@]123 InChI=1S/C10H17N7O4/c11-6-15-5-4(3-21-8(13)18)14-7(12)17-2-1-9(19,20)10(5,17)16-6/h4-5,19-20H,1-3H2,(H2,12,14)(H2,13,18)(H3,11,15,16)/t4-,5-,10-/m0/s1 |
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| Synonyms | | Value | Source |
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| Gonyaulax catenella poison | HMDB | | Mytilus californianus poison | HMDB | | Saxidomus giganteus poison | HMDB | | Saxitoxin (8ci) | HMDB | | Gonyaulax toxin | HMDB | | Mitilotoxin | HMDB | | Toxin, gonyaulax | HMDB | | Saxitonin | HMDB |
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| Chemical Formula | C10H17N7O4 |
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| Average Mass | 299.2865 Da |
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| Monoisotopic Mass | 299.13420 Da |
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| IUPAC Name | [(4R,10aS,10bS)-10,10-dihydroxy-2,6-diimino-decahydropyrrolo[1,2-c]purin-4-yl]methyl carbamate |
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| Traditional Name | [(4R,10aS,10bS)-10,10-dihydroxy-2,6-diimino-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]purin-4-yl]methyl carbamate |
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| CAS Registry Number | Not Available |
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| SMILES | [H]OC1(O[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N2C(=N[H])N([H])[C@@]([H])(C([H])([H])OC(=O)N([H])[H])[C@]3([H])N([H])C(=N[H])N([H])[C@]123 |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C10H17N7O4/c11-6-15-5-4(3-21-8(13)18)14-7(12)17-2-1-9(19,20)10(5,17)16-6/h4-5,19-20H,1-3H2,(H2,12,14)(H2,13,18)(H3,11,15,16)/t4-,5-,10-/m0/s1 |
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| InChI Key | RPQXVSUAYFXFJA-HGRQIUPRSA-N |
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| Experimental Spectra |
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| | Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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| 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, CD3COOD/D2O (4 : 96), simulated) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, CD3COOD/D2O (4 : 96), simulated) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, CD3COOD/D2O (4 : 96), simulated) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, CD3COOD/D2O (4 : 96), simulated) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, CD3COOD/D2O (4 : 96), simulated) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, CD3COOD/D2O (4 : 96), simulated) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, CD3COOD/D2O (4 : 96), simulated) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, CD3COOD/D2O (4 : 96), simulated) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, CD3COOD/D2O (4 : 96), simulated) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, CD3COOD/D2O (4 : 96), simulated) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, CD3COOD/D2O (4 : 96), simulated) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, CD3COOD/D2O (4 : 96), simulated) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, CD3COOD/D2O (4 : 96), simulated) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, CD3COOD/D2O (4 : 96), simulated) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, CD3COOD/D2O (4 : 96), simulated) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, CD3COOD/D2O (4 : 96), simulated) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, CD3COOD/D2O (4 : 96), simulated) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, CD3COOD/D2O (4 : 96), simulated) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, CD3COOD/D2O (4 : 96), simulated) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, CD3COOD/D2O (4 : 96), simulated) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| | Predicted Spectra |
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| Not Available | | Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Not Available | | Species |
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| Species of Origin | |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as saxitoxins, gonyautoxins, and derivatives. Saxitoxins, gonyautoxins, and derivatives are compounds with a structure based on a 2,6-diamino-4-methyl-pyrrolo[1,2-c]purin-10-ol skeleton. |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Phenylpropanoids and polyketides |
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| Class | Saxitoxins, gonyautoxins, and derivatives |
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| Sub Class | Not Available |
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| Direct Parent | Saxitoxins, gonyautoxins, and derivatives |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Saxitoxin-gonyautoxin skeleton
- Imidazopyrimidine
- Alkaloid or derivatives
- 1,3-diazinane
- Imidazolidine
- Pyrrolidine
- Guanidine
- Organoheterocyclic compound
- Carboximidamide
- Carbonyl hydrate
- Carboximidic acid derivative
- Azacycle
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Imine
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Not Available |
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| Experimental Properties | | Property | Value | Reference |
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| Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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| Predicted Properties | |
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| General References | - Hackett JD, Wisecaver JH, Brosnahan ML, Kulis DM, Anderson DM, Bhattacharya D, Plumley FG, Erdner DL: Evolution of saxitoxin synthesis in cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates. Mol Biol Evol. 2013 Jan;30(1):70-8. doi: 10.1093/molbev/mss142. Epub 2012 May 23. [PubMed:22628533 ]
- Orr RJ, Stuken A, Murray SA, Jakobsen KS: Evolution and distribution of saxitoxin biosynthesis in dinoflagellates. Mar Drugs. 2013 Aug 8;11(8):2814-28. doi: 10.3390/md11082814. [PubMed:23966031 ]
- Tian L, Cheng J, Chen X, Cheng SH, Mak YL, Lam PK, Chan LL, Wang M: Early developmental toxicity of saxitoxin on medaka (Oryzias melastigma) embryos. Toxicon. 2014 Jan;77:16-25. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.10.022. Epub 2013 Oct 30. [PubMed:24184516 ]
- D'Agostino PM, Song X, Neilan BA, Moffitt MC: Comparative proteomics reveals that a saxitoxin-producing and a nontoxic strain of Anabaena circinalis are two different ecotypes. J Proteome Res. 2014 Mar 7;13(3):1474-84. doi: 10.1021/pr401007k. Epub 2014 Feb 3. [PubMed:24460188 ]
- De Bock MFS, Moraes GSO, Almeida RGDS, Vieira KDDS, Santoro KR, Bicudo AJA, Molica RJR: Exposure of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fingerlings to a Saxitoxin-Producing Strain of Raphidiopsis (Cylindrospermopsis) raciborskii (Cyanobacterium) Reduces Growth Performance and Increases Mortality Rate. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2020 Jul;39(7):1409-1420. doi: 10.1002/etc.4728. Epub 2020 Jun 3. [PubMed:32323358 ]
- Yotsu-Yamashita, M. (2010). Yotsu-Yamashita, M. Heterocycl Chem, 5, 53 (2006). Heterocycl Chem..
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