Np mrd loader

Record Information
Version2.0
Created at2021-06-19 22:18:29 UTC
Updated at2021-08-20 00:00:22 UTC
NP-MRD IDNP0031142
Secondary Accession NumbersNone
Natural Product Identification
Common Nameepigallocatechin
Provided ByJEOL DatabaseJEOL Logo
Description(-)-Epigallocatechin, also known as epigallocatechol or antiscurvy factor C2, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as epigallocatechins. Epigallocatechins are compounds containing epigallocatechin or a derivative. Epigallocatechin is a flavan-3-ol containing a benzopyran-3,5,7-triol linked to a 3,4,5-hydroxyphenyl moiety (-)-Epigallocatechin is a bitter tasting compound (-)-Epigallocatechin is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as cocoa beans (Theobroma cacao), green tea, and black tea and in a lower concentration in pistachios (Pistacia vera), peaches (Prunus persica), and muskmelons (Cucumis melo) (-)-Epigallocatechin has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as quinces (Cydonia oblonga), common persimmons (Diospyros virginiana), macadamia nut (m. Tetraphylla), cucumbers (Cucumis sativus), and chocolate. This could make (-)-epigallocatechin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods (-)-Epigallocatechin is a primary metabolite. Primary metabolites are metabolically or physiologically essential metabolites. They are directly involved in an organism’s growth, development or reproduction. epigallocatechin is found in Acacia binervia, Vachellia karroo, Acacia melanoxylon, Vachellia pennatula, Senegalia polyacantha, Alhagi maurorum, Alhagi sparsifolia, Apis cerana, Apocynum venetum, Azadirachta indica, Caragana spinosa, Chrysophyllum cainito, Croton draconoides, Cycas circinalis, Dicranopteris pedata, Distylium racemosum, Elaeagnus glabra, Entada phaseoloides, Ephedra sinica, Eschweilera coriacea, Esenbeckia grandiflora, Geranium thunbergii, Gossypium hirsutum, Gymnosporia montana, Helianthemum glomeratum, Hippophae rhamnoides, Koenigia coriaria, Leptarrhena pyrolifolia, Limonium gmelinii, Limonium sinense, Lindera aggregata, Lotus corniculatus, Lotus pedunculatus, Matricaria chamomilla, Gymnosporia senegalensis, Morella rubra, Morus alba, Myrtus communis, Onobrychis viciifolia, Parkia biglobosa, Phyllanthus niruri, Phyllanthus reticulatus, Platanus orientalis, Platycarya strobilacea, Dasiphora fruticosa, Pteroxygonum giraldii, Quercus glauca, Quercus robur, Rhodiola rosea, Rhodiola semenovii, Rhus glabra, Rhus typhina, Salacia chinensis, Salacia reticulata, Sempervivum tectorum, Syzygium aqueum, Tectaria subtriphylla, Trifolium repens, Uncaria guianensis, Vitellaria paradoxa, Vitis vinifera, Xanthoceras sorbifolium, Ziziphus jujuba and Ziziphus spina-christi. epigallocatechin was first documented in 2000 (PMID: 10775337). Based on a literature review a small amount of articles have been published on (-)-Epigallocatechin (PMID: 16131288) (PMID: 12375264) (PMID: 16823496) (PMID: 19653629).
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
(-)-3,3',4',5,5',7-FlavanhexolChEBI
(2R,3R)-2-(3,4,5-Trihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triolChEBI
2,3-cis-EpigallocatechinChEBI
EpigallocatecholChEBI
L-EpigallocatechinChEBI
(-)-cis-3,3',4',5,5',7-HexahydroxyflavanHMDB
(-)-cis-3,3',4',5,5',7-HexahydroxyflavaneHMDB
(-)-EpigallocatecholHMDB
Antiscurvy factor C2HMDB
EGCHMDB
EpigallocatechinHMDB
L-EpigallocatecholHMDB
Gallocatechol, (2R-trans)-isomerHMDB
GallocatecholHMDB
Gallocatechol, (2R-cis)-isomerHMDB
GallocatechinHMDB
(-)-3,3’,4’,5,5’,7-flavanhexolHMDB
(-)-Epi-gallocatechinHMDB
(2R,3R)-3,4-Dihydro-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-3,5,7-triolHMDB
1-Epi-3',4',5',5,7-pentahydroxy-3-flavanolHMDB
1-Epi-3’,4’,5’,5,7-pentahydroxy-3-flavanolHMDB
3,3',4',5,5',7-FlavanhexolHMDB
3,3’,4’,5,5’,7-flavanhexolHMDB
GalloepicatechinHMDB
Epi-gallocatechinHMDB
(-)-EpigallocatechinHMDB
(2R,3R)-2-(3,4,5-Trihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxychromanHMDB
Chemical FormulaC15H14O7
Average Mass306.2675 Da
Monoisotopic Mass306.07395 Da
IUPAC Name(2R,3R)-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-3,5,7-triol
Traditional Nameepigallocatechin
CAS Registry NumberNot Available
SMILES
[H]OC1=C([H])C(O[H])=C2C(O[C@]([H])(C3=C([H])C(O[H])=C(O[H])C(O[H])=C3[H])[C@]([H])(O[H])C2([H])[H])=C1[H]
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C15H14O7/c16-7-3-9(17)8-5-12(20)15(22-13(8)4-7)6-1-10(18)14(21)11(19)2-6/h1-4,12,15-21H,5H2/t12-,15-/m1/s1
InChI KeyXMOCLSLCDHWDHP-IUODEOHRSA-N
Experimental Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionDepositor EmailDepositor OrganizationDepositorDeposition DateView
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, acetone-d6 at 303K, simulated)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, acetone-d6 at 303K, simulated)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, acetone-d6 at 303K, simulated)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, acetone-d6 at 303K, simulated)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, acetone-d6 at 303K, simulated)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, acetone-d6 at 303K, simulated)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, acetone-d6 at 303K, simulated)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, acetone-d6 at 303K, simulated)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, acetone-d6 at 303K, simulated)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, acetone-d6 at 303K, simulated)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, acetone-d6 at 303K, simulated)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, acetone-d6 at 303K, simulated)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, acetone-d6 at 303K, simulated)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, acetone-d6 at 303K, simulated)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, acetone-d6 at 303K, simulated)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, acetone-d6 at 303K, simulated)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, acetone-d6 at 303K, simulated)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, acetone-d6 at 303K, simulated)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, acetone-d6 at 303K, simulated)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, acetone-d6 at 303K, simulated)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, Acetone-d6, simulated)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 125 MHz, Acetone-d6, simulated)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 150 MHz, Acetone-d6, simulated)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 175 MHz, Acetone-d6, simulated)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, Acetone-d6, simulated)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 225 MHz, Acetone-d6, simulated)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 25 MHz, Acetone-d6, simulated)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 250 MHz, Acetone-d6, simulated)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 50 MHz, Acetone-d6, simulated)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 75 MHz, Acetone-d6, simulated)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, Acetone-d6, simulated)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, Acetone-d6, simulated)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, Acetone-d6, simulated)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, Acetone-d6, simulated)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, Acetone-d6, simulated)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, Acetone-d6, simulated)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, Acetone-d6, simulated)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, Acetone-d6, simulated)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, Acetone-d6, simulated)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, Acetone-d6, simulated)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
Predicted Spectra
Not Available
Chemical Shift Submissions
Not Available
Species
Species of Origin
Species NameSourceReference
Acacia binerviaLOTUS Database
Acacia karooLOTUS Database
Acacia melanoxylonLOTUS Database
Acacia niloticaKNApSAcK Database
Acacia pennatulaLOTUS Database
Acacia polyacanthaLOTUS Database
Actinidia chinensisFooDB
Agaricus bisporusFooDB
Alhagi maurorumLOTUS Database
Alhagi sparsifoliaLOTUS Database
Allium ampeloprasumFooDB
Allium cepa L.FooDB
Anacardium occidentaleFooDB
Ananas comosusFooDB
Annona reticulataFooDB
Apis ceranaLOTUS Database
Apium graveolensFooDB
Apocynum venetumLOTUS Database
Arachis hypogaeaFooDB
Averrhoa carambolaFooDB
Averrhoa carambola L.KNApSAcK Database
Azadirachta indicaLOTUS Database
Bertholletia excelsaFooDB
Beta vulgarisFooDB
Brassica oleraceaFooDB
Brassica oleracea var. botrytisFooDB
Brassica oleracea var. gemmiferaFooDB
Brassica oleracea var. italicaFooDB
Brassica rapaFooDB
Brassica ruvoFooDB
Camellia sinensisKNApSAcK Database
Capsicum annuumFooDB
Caragana spinosaLOTUS Database
Carya illinoinensisFooDB
CastaneaFooDB
Castanea sativaFooDB
Chrysophyllum cainitoLOTUS Database
Cicer arietinumFooDB
Cichorium endiviaFooDB
Cichorium intybusFooDB
Cistus salviifoliusKNApSAcK Database
Citrullus lanatusFooDB
Citrus paradisiFooDB
Citrus X sinensis (L.) Osbeck (pro. sp.)FooDB
Coffea arabica L.FooDB
Coffea canephoraFooDB
Combretum quadrangulareKNApSAcK Database
CorylusFooDB
Corylus avellanaFooDB
Croton draconoidesLOTUS Database
Croton lechleriKNApSAcK Database
Cucumis meloFooDB
Cucumis sativus L.FooDB
CucurbitaFooDB
Cycas circinalisLOTUS Database
Cydonia oblongaFooDB
Cynara scolymusFooDB
Daucus carota ssp. sativusFooDB
Dicranopteris pedataLOTUS Database
Diospyros kakiFooDB
Diospyros virginianaFooDB
Distylium racemosumLOTUS Database
Elaeagnus glabraLOTUS Database
Entada phaseoloidesLOTUS Database
Ephedra sinicaLOTUS Database
Eschweilera coriaceaLOTUS Database
Esenbeckia grandifloraLOTUS Database
Ficus caricaFooDB
Fragaria x ananassaFooDB
Geranium thunbergiiLOTUS Database
Ginkgo bilobaKNApSAcK Database
GossypiumFooDB
Gossypium hirsutumLOTUS Database
Guazuma ulmifoliaKNApSAcK Database
Gymnosporia montanaLOTUS Database
Helianthemum glomeratumLOTUS Database
Hippophae rhamnoidesLOTUS Database
Juglans regiaFooDB
Koenigia coriariaLOTUS Database
Lactuca sativaFooDB
Laurus nobilis L.FooDB
Lens culinarisFooDB
Leptarrhena pyrolifoliaLOTUS Database
Limonium gmeliniiLOTUS Database
Limonium sinenseLOTUS Database
Lindera aggregataLOTUS Database
Lotus corniculatusLOTUS Database
Lotus pedunculatusLOTUS Database
MacadamiaFooDB
Macadamia tetraphyllaFooDB
Malus pumilaFooDB
Mangifera indicaFooDB
Matricaria chamomillaLOTUS Database
Matricaria recutitaFooDB
Maytenus senegalensisLOTUS Database
Medicago truncatulaKNApSAcK Database
Mentha x piperitaFooDB
Mespilus germanicaFooDB
Morella rubraLOTUS Database
Morus albaLOTUS Database
Musa acuminataFooDB
Myrica rubraKNApSAcK Database
Myrtus communisLOTUS Database
Olea europaeaFooDB
Onobrychis viciifoliaLOTUS Database
Oryza sativaFooDB
Parkia biglobosaLOTUS Database
Pelargonium sidoidesKNApSAcK Database
Persea americanaFooDB
Phaseolus vulgarisFooDB
Phoenix dactyliferaFooDB
Phyllanthus emblicaKNApSAcK Database
Phyllanthus niruriLOTUS Database
Phyllanthus reticulatusLOTUS Database
PinusFooDB
Pinus edulisFooDB
Pinus sibiricaKNApSAcK Database
Pistacia veraFooDB
Pisum sativumFooDB
Platanus orientalisLOTUS Database
Platycarya strobilaceaLOTUS Database
Potentilla fruticosaLOTUS Database
Prunus armeniacaFooDB
Prunus aviumFooDB
Prunus avium L.FooDB
Prunus domesticaFooDB
Prunus dulcisFooDB
Prunus persicaFooDB
Prunus persica var. nucipersicaFooDB
Prunus persica var. persicaFooDB
Pteroxygonum giraldiiLOTUS Database
Punica granatumKNApSAcK Database
Pyrus communisFooDB
Quercus glaucaLOTUS Database
Quercus roburLOTUS Database
Raphanus sativusFooDB
Rheum rhabarbarumFooDB
Rhodiola roseaLOTUS Database
Rhodiola sachalinensisKNApSAcK Database
Rhodiola semenoviiLOTUS Database
Rhododendron brachycarpum ssp.brachycarpumKNApSAcK Database
Rhododendron catawbienseKNApSAcK Database
Rhododendron Cunningham's whiteKNApSAcK Database
Rhododendron dichroanthum ssp.scyphocalyxKNApSAcK Database
Rhododendron micranthumKNApSAcK Database
Rhododendron oreotrephesKNApSAcK Database
Rhododendron praevernumKNApSAcK Database
Rhododendron smirnowiiKNApSAcK Database
Rhododendron ungerniiKNApSAcK Database
Rhus glabraLOTUS Database
Rhus typhinaLOTUS Database
Ribes nigrumFooDB
Ribes rubrumFooDB
Ribes uva-crispaFooDB
Rubus idaeusFooDB
Salacia chinensisLOTUS Database
Salacia prinoidesKNApSAcK Database
Salacia reticulataLOTUS Database
Sempervivum tectorumLOTUS Database
Solanum lycopersicumFooDB
Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicumFooDB
Solanum melongenaFooDB
Solanum tuberosumFooDB
Stryphnodendron adstringensKNApSAcK Database
Syzygium aqueumLOTUS Database
Syzygium spp.KNApSAcK Database
Taxus fuanaKNApSAcK Database
Taxus yunnanensisKNApSAcK Database
Tectaria subtriphyllaLOTUS Database
Theobroma cacaoFooDB
Trifolium repensLOTUS Database
Tripterygium hypoglaucumKNApSAcK Database
Triticum aestivumFooDB
Uncaria guianensisLOTUS Database
VacciniumFooDB
Vaccinium corymbosumFooDB
Vaccinium macrocarponFooDB
Vaccinium myrtillusFooDB
Vaccinium oxycoccosFooDB
Vaccinium vitis-idaeaKNApSAcK Database
Vicia fabaKNApSAcK Database
Vitellaria paradoxaLOTUS Database
VitisFooDB
Vitis rotundifoliaFooDB
Vitis viniferaLOTUS Database
Vitis vinifera L.FooDB
Xanthoceras sorbifoliaKNApSAcK Database
Xanthoceras sorbifoliumLOTUS Database
Zea mays L.FooDB
Ziziphus jujubaLOTUS Database
Ziziphus spina-christiLOTUS Database
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as epigallocatechins. Epigallocatechins are compounds containing epigallocatechin or a derivative. Epigallocatechin is a flavan-3-ol containing a benzopyran-3,5,7-triol linked to a 3,4,5-hydroxyphenyl moiety.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassPhenylpropanoids and polyketides
ClassFlavonoids
Sub ClassFlavans
Direct ParentEpigallocatechins
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Epigallocatechin
  • 3'-hydroxyflavonoid
  • 3-hydroxyflavonoid
  • 4'-hydroxyflavonoid
  • 5-hydroxyflavonoid
  • 7-hydroxyflavonoid
  • Hydroxyflavonoid
  • 1-benzopyran
  • Chromane
  • Benzopyran
  • Pyrogallol derivative
  • Benzenetriol
  • 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid
  • 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
  • Alkyl aryl ether
  • Phenol
  • Benzenoid
  • Monocyclic benzene moiety
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Polyol
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Oxacycle
  • Ether
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Alcohol
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling Point685.60 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
Water Solubility15450 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
LogP-0.100 (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP0.71ALOGPS
logP1.49ChemAxon
logS-2.6ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)8.73ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-3.3ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count7ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count6ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area130.61 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count1ChemAxon
Refractivity75.98 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability29.14 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings3ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
HMDB IDHMDB0038361
DrugBank IDDB03823
Phenol Explorer Compound ID127
FoodDB IDFDB017700
KNApSAcK IDC00008818
Chemspider ID65231
KEGG Compound IDC12136
BioCyc IDCPD-10411
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound72277
PDB IDEGT
ChEBI ID42255
Good Scents IDrw1539701
References
General References
  1. Cooper R, Morre DJ, Morre DM: Medicinal benefits of green tea: part II. review of anticancer properties. J Altern Complement Med. 2005 Aug;11(4):639-52. doi: 10.1089/acm.2005.11.639. [PubMed:16131288 ]
  2. Lin SC, Wang CP, Chen YM, Lu SY, Fann MJ, Liu CJ, Kao SY, Chang KW: Regulation of IGFBP-5 expression during tumourigenesis and differentiation of oral keratinocytes. J Pathol. 2002 Nov;198(3):317-25. doi: 10.1002/path.1220. [PubMed:12375264 ]
  3. Davies SL, Bozzo J: Spotlight on tNOX: a tumor-selective target for cancer therapies. Drug News Perspect. 2006 May;19(4):223-5. doi: 10.1358/dnp.2006.19.4.1007077. [PubMed:16823496 ]
  4. Zhu N, Huang TC, Yu Y, LaVoie EJ, Yang CS, Ho CT: Identification of oxidation products of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and (-)-epigallocatechin with H(2)O(2). J Agric Food Chem. 2000 Apr;48(4):979-81. doi: 10.1021/jf991188c. [PubMed:10775337 ]
  5. Ko CH, Lau KM, Choy WY, Leung PC: Effects of tea catechins, epigallocatechin, gallocatechin, and gallocatechin gallate, on bone metabolism. J Agric Food Chem. 2009 Aug 26;57(16):7293-7. doi: 10.1021/jf901545u. [PubMed:19653629 ]
  6. Davis, A. L., et al. (1996). Davis, A. L., et al, Magn. Reson. Chem. 34, 887 (1996). Mag. Reson. Chem..