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Record Information
Version2.0
Created at2021-01-06 06:55:41 UTC
Updated at2021-07-15 17:36:54 UTC
NP-MRD IDNP0021647
Secondary Accession NumbersNone
Natural Product Identification
Common NameEchinenone
Provided ByNPAtlasNPAtlas Logo
DescriptionEchinenone/ (myxoxanthin) is also known as 4-keto-beta-carotene or aphanin. Echinenone is found in Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, Artemia salina, Patiria pectinifera, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Equisetum arvense, Euglena gracilis, Gelliodes callista, Isochrysis galbana, Kocuria rosea, Ligia exotica, Micrococcus, Nannochloropsis oculata, Oscillatoria limosa, Paralithodes brevipes, Penaeus japonicus, Phaffia rhodozyma, Phoenicoparrus jamesi, Placiphorella stimpsoni, Planktothrix agardhii, Oscillatoria rubescens, Scenedesmus quadricauda, Skeletonema costatum, Thoracosphaera heimii and Tolypothrix tenuis. Echinenone was first documented in 1970 (PMID: 5473895). Based on a literature review a small amount of articles have been published on Echinenone/ (myxoxanthin) (PMID: 11697247) (PMID: 17765578) (PMID: 23160982) (PMID: 34063485) (PMID: 33446941).
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
4-Keto-beta-caroteneChEBI
4-oxo-beta-CaroteneChEBI
AphaninChEBI
MyoxanthinChEBI
beta,beta-Caroten-4-oneKegg
4-Keto-b-caroteneGenerator
4-Keto-β-caroteneGenerator
4-oxo-b-CaroteneGenerator
4-oxo-Β-caroteneGenerator
b,b-Caroten-4-oneGenerator
Β,β-caroten-4-oneGenerator
9'-cis-EchinenoneMeSH
Chemical FormulaC40H54O
Average Mass550.8710 Da
Monoisotopic Mass550.41747 Da
IUPAC Name2,4,4-trimethyl-3-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one
Traditional Nameechinenone
CAS Registry NumberNot Available
SMILES
C\C(\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C)=C/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)C(=O)CCC1(C)C
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C40H54O/c1-30(18-13-20-32(3)23-25-36-34(5)22-15-28-39(36,7)8)16-11-12-17-31(2)19-14-21-33(4)24-26-37-35(6)38(41)27-29-40(37,9)10/h11-14,16-21,23-26H,15,22,27-29H2,1-10H3/b12-11+,18-13+,19-14+,25-23+,26-24+,30-16+,31-17+,32-20+,33-21+
InChI KeyQXNWZXMBUKUYMD-QQGJMDNJSA-N
Experimental Spectra
Not Available
Predicted Spectra
Chemical Shift Submissions
Not Available
Species
Species of Origin
Species Where Detected
Species NameSourceReference
Agrobacterium aurantiacumKNApSAcK Database
Alcaligenes PC1KNApSAcK Database
Astasia ocellataKNApSAcK Database
Brevibacterium KY 4313 spp.KNApSAcK Database
Chemical Taxonomy
DescriptionThis compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as xanthophylls. These are carotenoids containing an oxygenated carotene backbone. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Carotenes belonging form a subgroup of the carotenoids family. Xanthophylls arise by oxygenation of the carotene backbone.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassPrenol lipids
Sub ClassTetraterpenoids
Direct ParentXanthophylls
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Xanthophyll
  • Cyclohexenone
  • Cyclic ketone
  • Ketone
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Aliphatic homomonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic homomonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP9.22ALOGPS
logP10.46ChemAxon
logS-6.1ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)19.89ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-4.8ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area17.07 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count10ChemAxon
Refractivity192.3 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability71.93 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings2ChemAxon
BioavailabilityNoChemAxon
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
NPAtlas IDNPA014019
HMDB IDNot Available
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FoodDB IDFDB097272
KNApSAcK IDC00000925
Chemspider ID4444648
KEGG Compound IDC08592
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound5281236
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID4746
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
General References
  1. Schwartzel EH, Cooney JJ: Isolation and identification of echinenone from Micrococcus roseus. J Bacteriol. 1970 Oct;104(1):272-4. doi: 10.1128/JB.104.1.272-274.1970. [PubMed:5473895 ]
  2. Poutanen EL, Nikkila K: Carotenoid pigments as tracers of cyanobacterial blooms in recent and postglacial sediments of the Baltic Sea. Ambio. 2001 Aug;30(4-5):179-83. [PubMed:11697247 ]
  3. Symonds RC, Kelly MS, Caris-Veyrat C, Young AJ: Carotenoids in the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus: occurrence of 9'-cis-echinenone as the dominant carotenoid in gonad colour determination. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2007 Dec;148(4):432-44. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2007.07.012. Epub 2007 Aug 6. [PubMed:17765578 ]
  4. Campenni' L, Nobre BP, Santos CA, Oliveira AC, Aires-Barros MR, Palavra AM, Gouveia L: Carotenoid and lipid production by the autotrophic microalga Chlorella protothecoides under nutritional, salinity, and luminosity stress conditions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2013 Feb;97(3):1383-93. doi: 10.1007/s00253-012-4570-6. Epub 2012 Nov 18. [PubMed:23160982 ]
  5. Pagels F, Vasconcelos V, Guedes AC: Carotenoids from Cyanobacteria: Biotechnological Potential and Optimization Strategies. Biomolecules. 2021 May 15;11(5). pii: biom11050735. doi: 10.3390/biom11050735. [PubMed:34063485 ]
  6. Yeluri Jonnala BR, McSweeney PLH, Cotter PD, Zhong S, Sheehan JJ, Kopec RE: Comparison of the carotenoid profiles of commonly consumed smear-ripened cheeses. Lebensm Wiss Technol. 2021 Jan;135. doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110241. Epub 2020 Sep 17. [PubMed:33446941 ]