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Record Information
Version2.0
Created at2020-12-09 00:33:01 UTC
Updated at2021-07-15 16:46:06 UTC
NP-MRD IDNP0003314
Secondary Accession NumbersNone
Natural Product Identification
Common NameAflatrem
Provided ByNPAtlasNPAtlas Logo
DescriptionAflatrem belongs to the class of organic compounds known as naphthopyrans. Naphthopyrans are compounds containing a pyran ring fused to a naphthalene moiety. Furan is a 6 membered-ring non-aromatic ring with five carbon and one oxygen atoms. Naphthalene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon made up of two fused benzene rings. Aflatrem is a primary metabolite. Primary metabolites are metabolically or physiologically essential metabolites. They are directly involved in an organism’s growth, development or reproduction. Aflatrem is found in Aspergillus sp. Aflatrem was first documented in 1979 (PMID: 108599). Based on a literature review very few articles have been published on Aflatrem (PMID: 32354705) (PMID: 30635379) (PMID: 30425054) (PMID: 30108412) (PMID: 29990635) (PMID: 29869954).
Structure
Thumb
SynonymsNot Available
Chemical FormulaNot Available
Average MassNot Available
Monoisotopic MassNot Available
IUPAC Name(1S,4R,5S,16S,19S,23R)-19-hydroxy-4,5,24,24-tetramethyl-12-(2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl)-25,26-dioxa-7-azaheptacyclo[21.2.1.0^{1,20}.0^{4,19}.0^{5,16}.0^{6,14}.0^{8,13}]hexacosa-6(14),8,10,12,20-pentaen-22-one
Traditional Name(1S,4R,5S,16S,19S,23R)-19-hydroxy-4,5,24,24-tetramethyl-12-(2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl)-25,26-dioxa-7-azaheptacyclo[21.2.1.0^{1,20}.0^{4,19}.0^{5,16}.0^{6,14}.0^{8,13}]hexacosa-6(14),8,10,12,20-pentaen-22-one
CAS Registry NumberNot Available
SMILES
CC(C)(C=C)C1=C2C3=C(NC2=CC=C1)[C@@]1(C)[C@H](C3)CC[C@@]2(O)C3=CC(=O)[C@@H]4O[C@@]3(CC[C@]12C)OC4(C)C
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C32H39NO4/c1-8-27(2,3)20-10-9-11-21-24(20)19-16-18-12-13-31(35)23-17-22(34)26-28(4,5)37-32(23,36-26)15-14-29(31,6)30(18,7)25(19)33-21/h8-11,17-18,26,33,35H,1,12-16H2,2-7H3/t18-,26-,29+,30+,31+,32-/m0/s1
InChI KeyYVDJBQQJIDPRKP-SLUQHKSNSA-N
Experimental Spectra
Not Available
Predicted Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionDepositor IDDepositor OrganizationDepositorDeposition DateView
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 25 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 252 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 50 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 75 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 101 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 126 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 151 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 176 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 201 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 226 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
Chemical Shift Submissions
Not Available
Species
Species of Origin
Species NameSourceReference
Aspergillus sp.NPAtlas
Species Where Detected
Species NameSourceReference
Aspergillus flavusKNApSAcK Database
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as naphthopyrans. Naphthopyrans are compounds containing a pyran ring fused to a naphthalene moiety. Furan is a 6 membered-ring non-aromatic ring with five carbon and one oxygen atoms. Naphthalene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon made up of two fused benzene rings.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassNaphthopyrans
Sub ClassNot Available
Direct ParentNaphthopyrans
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Naphthopyran
  • Naphthalene
  • 3-alkylindole
  • Indole
  • Indole or derivatives
  • Dihydropyranone
  • Ketal
  • Pyran
  • Benzenoid
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Tertiary alcohol
  • Pyrrole
  • Meta-dioxolane
  • Cyclic alcohol
  • Ketone
  • Acetal
  • Oxacycle
  • Azacycle
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Carbonyl group
  • Alcohol
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP6.06ALOGPS
logP6.05ChemAxon
logS-6.9ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)13.62ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-3.4ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area71.55 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count2ChemAxon
Refractivity144.6 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability57.58 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings7ChemAxon
BioavailabilityNoChemAxon
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
NPAtlas IDNPA013289
HMDB IDNot Available
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FoodDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDC00023585
Chemspider ID19976660
KEGG Compound IDC20555
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound21118293
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
General References
  1. Gallagher RT, Wilson BJ: Aflatrem, the tremorgenic mycotoxin from Aspergillus flavus. Mycopathologia. 1979 Feb 28;66(3):183-5. doi: 10.1007/BF00683969. [PubMed:108599 ]
  2. Will I, Das B, Trinh T, Brachmann A, Ohm RA, de Bekker C: Genetic Underpinnings of Host Manipulation by Ophiocordyceps as Revealed by Comparative Transcriptomics. G3 (Bethesda). 2020 Jul 7;10(7):2275-2296. doi: 10.1534/g3.120.401290. [PubMed:32354705 ]
  3. Lohmar JM, Puel O, Cary JW, Calvo AM: The Aspergillus flavus rtfA Gene Regulates Plant and Animal Pathogenesis and Secondary Metabolism. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2019 Mar 6;85(6). pii: AEM.02446-18. doi: 10.1128/AEM.02446-18. Print 2019 Mar 15. [PubMed:30635379 ]
  4. Cary JW, Entwistle S, Satterlee T, Mack BM, Gilbert MK, Chang PK, Scharfenstein L, Yin Y, Calvo AM: The Transcriptional Regulator Hbx1 Affects the Expression of Thousands of Genes in the Aflatoxin-Producing Fungus Aspergillus flavus. G3 (Bethesda). 2019 Jan 9;9(1):167-178. doi: 10.1534/g3.118.200870. [PubMed:30425054 ]
  5. Frisvad JC, Hubka V, Ezekiel CN, Hong SB, Novakova A, Chen AJ, Arzanlou M, Larsen TO, Sklenar F, Mahakarnchanakul W, Samson RA, Houbraken J: Taxonomy of Aspergillus section Flavi and their production of aflatoxins, ochratoxins and other mycotoxins. Stud Mycol. 2019 Jun;93:1-63. doi: 10.1016/j.simyco.2018.06.001. Epub 2018 Jul 31. [PubMed:30108412 ]
  6. Lv Y, Lv A, Zhai H, Zhang S, Li L, Cai J, Hu Y: Insight into the global regulation of laeA in Aspergillus flavus based on proteomic profiling. Int J Food Microbiol. 2018 Nov 2;284:11-21. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.06.024. Epub 2018 Jul 2. [PubMed:29990635 ]
  7. Ojiambo PS, Battilani P, Cary JW, Blum BH, Carbone I: Cultural and Genetic Approaches to Manage Aflatoxin Contamination: Recent Insights Provide Opportunities for Improved Control. Phytopathology. 2018 Sep;108(9):1024-1037. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO-04-18-0134-RVW. Epub 2018 Jul 19. [PubMed:29869954 ]
  8. Cary JW, Harris-Coward P, Scharfenstein L, Mack BM, Chang PK, Wei Q, Lebar M, Carter-Wientjes C, Majumdar R, Mitra C, Banerjee S, Chanda A: The Aspergillus flavus Homeobox Gene, hbx1, is Required for Development and Aflatoxin Production. Toxins (Basel). 2017 Oct 12;9(10). pii: toxins9100315. doi: 10.3390/toxins9100315. [PubMed:29023405 ]
  9. Chang PK, Scharfenstein LL, Li RW, Arroyo-Manzanares N, De Saeger S, Diana Di Mavungu J: Aspergillus flavus aswA, a gene homolog of Aspergillus nidulans oefC, regulates sclerotial development and biosynthesis of sclerotium-associated secondary metabolites. Fungal Genet Biol. 2017 Jul;104:29-37. doi: 10.1016/j.fgb.2017.04.006. Epub 2017 Apr 22. [PubMed:28442441 ]
  10. Fountain JC, Bajaj P, Nayak SN, Yang L, Pandey MK, Kumar V, Jayale AS, Chitikineni A, Lee RD, Kemerait RC, Varshney RK, Guo B: Responses of Aspergillus flavus to Oxidative Stress Are Related to Fungal Development Regulator, Antioxidant Enzyme, and Secondary Metabolite Biosynthetic Gene Expression. Front Microbiol. 2016 Dec 21;7:2048. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02048. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:28066369 ]
  11. Fountain JC, Bajaj P, Pandey M, Nayak SN, Yang L, Kumar V, Jayale AS, Chitikineni A, Zhuang W, Scully BT, Lee RD, Kemerait RC, Varshney RK, Guo B: Oxidative stress and carbon metabolism influence Aspergillus flavus transcriptome composition and secondary metabolite production. Sci Rep. 2016 Dec 12;6:38747. doi: 10.1038/srep38747. [PubMed:27941917 ]
  12. Gilbert MK, Mack BM, Wei Q, Bland JM, Bhatnagar D, Cary JW: RNA sequencing of an nsdC mutant reveals global regulation of secondary metabolic gene clusters in Aspergillus flavus. Microbiol Res. 2016 Jan;182:150-61. doi: 10.1016/j.micres.2015.08.007. Epub 2015 Sep 2. [PubMed:26686623 ]
  13. Lenta BN, Ngatchou J, Kenfack PT, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Sewald N: Crystal and mol-ecular structure of aflatrem. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun. 2015 Oct 17;71(Pt 11):o867-8. doi: 10.1107/S2056989015019040. eCollection 2015 Nov 1. [PubMed:26594569 ]