Record Information |
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Version | 2.0 |
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Created at | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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Updated at | 2020-11-24 22:23:26 UTC |
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NP-MRD ID | NP0001434 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Natural Product Identification |
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Common Name | Hydroxypropionic acid |
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Description | 3-Hydroxypropionic acid is a carboxylic acid. It is an intermediate in the breakdown of branched-chain amino acids and propionic acid from the gut. Typically it originates from propionyl-CoA and a defect in the enzyme propionyl carboxylase. This leads to a buildup in propionyl-CoA in the mitochondria. Such a buildup can lead to a disruption of the esterified CoA:Free CoA ratio and ultimately to mitochondrial toxicity. Detoxification of these metabolic end products occurs via the transfer of the propionyl moiety to carnitine-forming propionyl-carnitine, which is then transferred across the inner mitochondrial membrane. 3-Hydroxypropionic acid is then released as the free acid. As an industrial chemical, it is used in the production of various chemicals such as acrylates in industry. When present in sufficiently high levels, 3-hydroxypropionic acid can act as an acidogen and a metabotoxin. An acidogen is an acidic compound that induces acidosis, which has multiple adverse effects on many organ systems. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of hydroxypropionic acid are associated with many inborn errors of metabolism including biotinidase deficiency, malonic aciduria, methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency, methylmalonic aciduria, methylmalonic aciduria due to cobalamin-related disorders, and propionic acidemia. Hydroxypropionic acid is an organic acid. Abnormally high levels of organic acids in the blood (organic acidemia), urine (organic aciduria), the brain, and other tissues lead to general metabolic acidosis. Acidosis typically occurs when arterial pH falls below 7.35. Infants with acidosis have symptoms that include poor feeding, vomiting, loss of appetite, weak muscle tone (hypotonia), and lack of energy (lethargy). These can progress to heart, liver, and kidney abnormalities, seizures, coma, and possibly death. These are also the characteristic symptoms of the IEMs mentioned above. Many affected children with organic acidemias experience intellectual disability or delayed development. In adults, acidosis or acidemia is characterized by headaches, confusion, feeling tired, tremors, sleepiness, and seizures. |
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Structure | InChI=1S/C3H6O3/c4-2-1-3(5)6/h4H,1-2H2,(H,5,6) |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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3-HYDROXY-propanoIC ACID | ChEBI | 3-Hydroxypropanoic acid | ChEBI | beta-Hydroxypropionic acid | ChEBI | Hydracrylic acid | ChEBI | 3-Hydroxypropionate | Kegg | 3-Hydroxypropionic acid | Kegg | 3-HYDROXY-propanoate | Generator | 3-Hydroxypropanoate | Generator | b-Hydroxypropionate | Generator | b-Hydroxypropionic acid | Generator | beta-Hydroxypropionate | Generator | Β-hydroxypropionate | Generator | Β-hydroxypropionic acid | Generator | Hydracrylate | Generator | Hydroxypropionate | Generator | 2-Deoxyglycerate | HMDB | 2-Deoxyglyceric acid | HMDB | b-Lactate | HMDB | b-Lactic acid | HMDB | beta-Lactate | HMDB | beta-Lactic acid | HMDB | Ethylenelactate | HMDB | Ethylenelactic acid | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C3H6O3 |
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Average Mass | 90.0779 Da |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 90.03169 Da |
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IUPAC Name | 3-hydroxypropanoic acid |
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Traditional Name | hydroxypropionic acid |
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CAS Registry Number | 503-66-2 |
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SMILES | OCCC(O)=O |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C3H6O3/c4-2-1-3(5)6/h4H,1-2H2,(H,5,6) |
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InChI Key | ALRHLSYJTWAHJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Experimental Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
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| Not Available | Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Not Available | Species |
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Species of Origin | |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as beta hydroxy acids and derivatives. Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives are compounds containing a carboxylic acid substituted with a hydroxyl group on the C3 carbon atom. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Organic acids and derivatives |
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Class | Hydroxy acids and derivatives |
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Sub Class | Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives |
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Direct Parent | Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Beta-hydroxy acid
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Carboxylic acid
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organic oxide
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Primary alcohol
- Organooxygen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Alcohol
- Aliphatic acyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | < 25 °C | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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Predicted Properties | |
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General References | - Brown GK, Cromby CH, Manning NJ, Pollitt RJ: Urinary organic acids in succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency: evidence of alpha-oxidation of 4-hydroxybutyric acid, interaction of succinic semialdehyde with pyruvate dehydrogenase and possible secondary inhibition of mitochondrial beta-oxidation. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1987;10(4):367-75. [PubMed:3126356 ]
- Pollitt RJ, Fowler B, Sardharwalla IB, Edwards MA, Gray RG: Increased excretion of propan-1,3-diol and 3-hydroxypropionic acid apparently caused by abnormal bacterial metabolism in the gut. Clin Chim Acta. 1987 Nov 16;169(2-3):151-7. [PubMed:3427776 ]
- Sweetman L, Bates SP, Hull D, Nyhan WL: Propionyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency in a patient with biotin-responsive 3-methylcrotonylglycinuria. Pediatr Res. 1977 Nov;11(11):1144-7. [PubMed:917614 ]
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