Record Information |
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Version | 1.0 |
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Created at | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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Updated at | 2021-10-07 20:39:56 UTC |
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NP-MRD ID | NP0001402 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Natural Product Identification |
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Common Name | Phenyllactic acid |
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Description | Phenyllactic acid a product of phenylalanine catabolism, appearing prominently in the urine in individuals with phenylketonuria. Levels of several phenylalanine metabolites, including phenylacetate (PAA), phenyllactate (PLA), and phenylpyruvate (PPA)) are elevated in Phenylketonuria (PKU) (OMIM 261600 ). Phenyllactic acid is likely produced from phenylpyruvate via the action of lactate dehydrogenase. The D-form of this organic acid is typically derived from bacterial sources while the L-form is almost certainly endogenous. Levels of phenyllactate are normally very low in blood or urine. High levels of PLA in the urine or blood are often indicative of phenylketonuria (PKU) and hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA). PKU is due to lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH), so that phenylalanine is converted not to tyrosine but to phenylpyruvic acid (a precursor of phenylactate). In particular, excessive phenylalanine is typically metabolized into phenylketones through, a transaminase pathway route involving glutamate. Metabolites of this transamination reaction include phenylacetate, phenylpyruvate and phenethylamine. In persons with PKU, dietary phenylalanine either accumulates in the body or some of it is converted to phenylpyruvic acid and then to phenyllactate through the action of lactate dehydrogenase. Individuals with PKU tend to excrete large quantities of phenylpyruvate, phenylacetate and phenyllactate, along with phenylalanine, in their urine. If untreated, mental retardation effects and microcephaly are evident by the first year along with other symptoms which include: Unusual irritability, epileptic seizures and skin lesions. Hyperactivity, EEG abnormalities and seizures, and severe learning disabilities are major clinical problems later in life. A "musty or mousy" odor of skin, hair, sweat and urine (due to phenylacetate accumulation); and a tendency to hypopigmentation and eczema are also observed. The neural-development effects of PKU are primarily due to the disruption of neurotransmitter synthesis. In particular, phenylalanine is a large, neutral amino acid which moves across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) via the large neutral amino acid transporter (LNAAT). Excessive phenylalanine in the blood saturates the transporter. Thus, excessive levels of phenylalanine significantly decrease the levels of other LNAAs in the brain. But since these amino acids are required for protein and neurotransmitter synthesis, phenylalanine accumulation disrupts brain development, leading to mental retardation. PMID: 10790306 ; OMIM: 261600 . |
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Structure | InChI=1S/C9H10O3/c10-8(9(11)12)6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5,8,10H,6H2,(H,11,12) |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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2-Hydroxy-3-phenylpropionic acid | ChEBI | beta-Phenyllactic acid | ChEBI | DL-3-Phenyllactic acid | ChEBI | DL-beta-Phenyllactic acid | ChEBI | 2-Hydroxy-3-phenylpropionate | Generator | b-Phenyllactate | Generator | b-Phenyllactic acid | Generator | beta-Phenyllactate | Generator | Β-phenyllactate | Generator | Β-phenyllactic acid | Generator | DL-3-Phenyllactate | Generator | DL-b-Phenyllactate | Generator | DL-b-Phenyllactic acid | Generator | DL-beta-Phenyllactate | Generator | DL-Β-phenyllactate | Generator | DL-Β-phenyllactic acid | Generator | Phenyllactate | Generator | 3-Phenyllactic acid | HMDB | 3-Phenyllactic acid, monosodium salt | HMDB | 3-Phenyllactate | HMDB | 3-Phenyllactic acid, calcium salt | HMDB | 3-Phenyllactic acid, (D)-isomer | HMDB | 3-Phenyllactic acid, (DL)-isomer | HMDB | 3-Phenyllactic acid, (L)-isomer | HMDB | 2-Hydroxy-3-(phenyl)propanoic acid | HMDB | 3-(Phenyl)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid | HMDB | 3-(Phenyl)-2-hydroxypropionic acid | | 3-(Phenyl)lactic acid | |
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Chemical Formula | C9H10O3 |
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Average Mass | 166.1739 Da |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 166.06299 Da |
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IUPAC Name | 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoic acid |
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Traditional Name | β-phenyllactic acid |
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CAS Registry Number | 828-01-3 |
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SMILES | OC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(O)=O |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C9H10O3/c10-8(9(11)12)6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5,8,10H,6H2,(H,11,12) |
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InChI Key | VOXXWSYKYCBWHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Experimental Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
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| Not Available | Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Not Available | Species |
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Species of Origin | |
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Species Where Detected | |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylpropanoic acids. Phenylpropanoic acids are compounds with a structure containing a benzene ring conjugated to a propanoic acid. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Phenylpropanoids and polyketides |
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Class | Phenylpropanoic acids |
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Sub Class | Not Available |
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Direct Parent | Phenylpropanoic acids |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - 3-phenylpropanoic-acid
- Alpha-hydroxy acid
- Monocyclic benzene moiety
- Hydroxy acid
- Benzenoid
- Secondary alcohol
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Carboxylic acid
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Organic oxygen compound
- Alcohol
- Carbonyl group
- Organic oxide
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organooxygen compound
- Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Properties | |
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Predicted Properties | |
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General References | - Iijima S, Ishii A, Miyakoshi T, Odaira T, Musha M: Studies on the experimental phenylketonuria in rats. Tohoku J Exp Med. 1975 Oct;117(2):167-78. [PubMed:1209606 ]
- Roux A, Xu Y, Heilier JF, Olivier MF, Ezan E, Tabet JC, Junot C: Annotation of the human adult urinary metabolome and metabolite identification using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a linear quadrupole ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. Anal Chem. 2012 Aug 7;84(15):6429-37. doi: 10.1021/ac300829f. Epub 2012 Jul 17. [PubMed:22770225 ]
- Sarkissian CN, Scriver CR, Mamer OA: Measurement of phenyllactate, phenylacetate, and phenylpyruvate by negative ion chemical ionization-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in brain of mouse genetic models of phenylketonuria and non-phenylketonuria hyperphenylalaninemia. Anal Biochem. 2000 May 1;280(2):242-9. [PubMed:10790306 ]
- Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043. [PubMed:32033212 ]
- Beloborodova NV, Khodakova AS, Bairamov IT, Olenin AY: Microbial origin of phenylcarboxylic acids in the human body. Biochemistry (Mosc). 2009 Dec;74(12):1350-5. doi: 10.1134/s0006297909120086. [PubMed:19961416 ]
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