Record Information |
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Version | 2.0 |
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Created at | 2007-05-23 01:45:51 UTC |
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Updated at | 2024-09-17 15:44:59 UTC |
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NP-MRD ID | NP0001369 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Natural Product Identification |
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Common Name | D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone |
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Description | D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone belongs to the class of organic compounds known as isosorbides. These are organic polycyclic compounds containing an isosorbide(1,4-Dianhydrosorbitol) moiety, which consists of two -oxolan-3-ol rings. D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone is a very mild and mentholic tasting compound. Glucuronolactone is a naturally occurring substance that is an important structural component of nearly all connective tissues. It is frequently used in energy drinks to increase energy levels and improve alertness, and can also be used to reduce "brain fog" caused by various medical conditions. Glucuronolactone is also found in many plant gums. Glucuronolactone is a white solid odorless compound, soluble in hot and cold water. Its melting point ranges from 176 to 178 °C. The compound can exist in a monocyclic aldehyde form or in a bicyclic hemiacetal (lactol) form. Glucuronolactone is a popular ingredient in energy drinks because it has been shown to be effective at increasing energy levels and improving alertness. Glucuronolactone supplementation also significantly reduces "brain fog" cause by various medical conditions. Although levels of glucuronolactone in energy drinks can far exceed those found in the rest of the diet, glucuronolactone is extremely safe and well tolerated. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has concluded that exposure to glucuronolactone from regular consumption of energy drinks is not a safety concern.[2] The no-observed-adverse-effect level of glucuronolactone is 1000 mg/kg/day. Additionally, according to The Merck Index, glucuronolactone is used as a detoxicant. The liver uses glucose to create glucuronolactone, which inhibits the enzyme B-glucuronidase (metabolizes glucuronides), which should cause blood-glucuronide levels to rise. Glucuronides combines with toxic substances, such as morphine and depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, by converting them to water-soluble glucuronide-conjugates which are excreted in the urine. Higher blood-glucuronides help remove toxins from the body, leading to the claim that energy drinks are detoxifying. Free glucuronic acid (or its self-ester glucuronolactone) has less effect on detoxification than glucose, because the body synthesizes UDP-glucuronic acid from glucose. Therefore, sufficient carbohydrate intake provides enough UDP-glucuronic acid for detoxication, and foods rich in glucose are usually abundant in developed nations. Glucuronolactone is also metabolized to glucaric acid, xylitol, and L-xylulose, and humans may also be able to use glucuronolactone as a precursor for ascorbic acid synthesis. |
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Structure | O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]2[C@@H](O)C(=O)O[C@@H]2[C@H]1O InChI=1S/C6H8O6/c7-1-3-4(12-5(1)9)2(8)6(10)11-3/h1-5,7-9H/t1-,2-,3-,4-,5-/m1/s1 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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D-Glucurone | HMDB | D-Glucuronic acid | HMDB | D-Glucuronic acid lactone | HMDB | D-Glucurono-3,6-lactone | HMDB | D-Glucuronolactone | HMDB | Dicurone | HMDB | Glucofuranurono-6,3-lactone | HMDB | Glucoxy | HMDB | Glucurolactone | HMDB | Glucuron | HMDB | Glucurone | HMDB | Glucuronic acid lactone | HMDB | Glucuronolactone | HMDB | Glucuronosan | HMDB | Gluronsan | HMDB | Glycurone | HMDB | Guronsan | HMDB | Reulatt s.s. | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C6H8O6 |
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Average Mass | 176.1241 Da |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 176.03209 Da |
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IUPAC Name | (3R,3aR,5R,6R,6aR)-3,5,6-trihydroxy-hexahydrofuro[3,2-b]furan-2-one |
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Traditional Name | (3R,3aR,5R,6R,6aR)-3,5,6-trihydroxy-tetrahydro-3H-furo[3,2-b]furan-2-one |
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CAS Registry Number | 32449-92-6 |
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SMILES | O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]2[C@@H](O)C(=O)O[C@@H]2[C@H]1O |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C6H8O6/c7-1-3-4(12-5(1)9)2(8)6(10)11-3/h1-5,7-9H/t1-,2-,3-,4-,5-/m1/s1 |
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InChI Key | OGLCQHRZUSEXNB-WHDMSYDLSA-N |
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Experimental Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor ID | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 25 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 252 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 50 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 75 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 101 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 126 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 151 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 176 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 201 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 226 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Not Available | Species |
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Species of Origin | |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as isosorbides. These are organic polycyclic compounds containing an isosorbide(1,4-Dianhydrosorbitol) moiety, which consists of two -oxolan-3-ol rings. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Organoheterocyclic compounds |
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Class | Furofurans |
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Sub Class | Isosorbides |
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Direct Parent | Isosorbides |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Isosorbide
- Gamma butyrolactone
- Monosaccharide
- Tetrahydrofuran
- Carboxylic acid ester
- Hemiacetal
- Lactone
- Secondary alcohol
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Polyol
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Oxacycle
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Carbonyl group
- Organic oxide
- Organic oxygen compound
- Alcohol
- Organooxygen compound
- Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | Not Available |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Properties | |
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Predicted Properties | |
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General References | - DEMOEN P, JANSSEN P, VAN DE KEERE B, ZIVKOVIC D: On the metabolic fate of isoniazide (I.N.H.) and its N2-Dglucuronolactone derivate (I.N.H.G.) (1) in man. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1954 Aug 1;98(4):427-36. [PubMed:13208334 ]
- Hsu WH, Wang SJ, Chao YM, Chen CJ, Wang YF, Fuh JL, Chen SP, Lin YL: Urine metabolomics signatures in reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. Cephalalgia. 2020 Jun;40(7):735-747. doi: 10.1177/0333102419897621. Epub 2020 Jan 7. [PubMed:31910660 ]
- Hosaka H, Mizoguchi S, Tashiro M, Fujimoto T, Hirano T, Hakamata W, Nishio T: Chemoenzymatic synthesis of sucuronic acid using d-glucurono-6,3-lactone and sucrose as raw materials, and properties of the product. Enzyme Microb Technol. 2018 Mar;110:53-60. doi: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2017.12.006. Epub 2017 Dec 21. [PubMed:29310856 ]
- Liu CT, Raghu R, Lin SH, Wang SY, Kuo CH, Tseng YJ, Sheen LY: Metabolomics of ginger essential oil against alcoholic fatty liver in mice. J Agric Food Chem. 2013 Nov 20;61(46):11231-40. doi: 10.1021/jf403523g. Epub 2013 Nov 12. [PubMed:24171385 ]
- Jenkinson SF, Best D, Weymouth-Wilson AC, Clarkson RA, Fleet GW, Watkin DJ: (1S)-1,2-O-Benzyl-idene-alpha-d-glucurono-6,3-lactone. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online. 2009 Jan 31;65(Pt 2):o414-5. doi: 10.1107/S1600536809002876. [PubMed:21582005 ]
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