Record Information |
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Version | 2.0 |
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Created at | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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Updated at | 2021-08-09 22:32:43 UTC |
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NP-MRD ID | NP0001316 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Natural Product Identification |
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Common Name | Vanillylmandelic acid |
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Description | Vanillylmandelic acid, also known as vanillylmandelate or VMA, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as methoxyphenols. Methoxyphenols are compounds containing a methoxy group attached to the benzene ring of a phenol moiety. Vanillylmandelic acid is a sweet and vanilla tasting compound. Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) is a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of artificial vanilla flavorings and is an end-stage metabolite of the catecholamines (dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine). Vanillylmandelic acid exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. Within humans, vanillylmandelic acid participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, vanillylmandelic acid can be biosynthesized from 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde through its interaction with the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase. In addition, vanillylmandelic acid and pyrocatechol can be biosynthesized from 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid and guaiacol through the action of the enzyme catechol O-methyltransferase. Urinary VMA is elevated in patients with tumors that secrete catecholamines. Urinary VMA tests may also be used to diagnose neuroblastomas, and to monitor treatment of these conditions. VMA urinalysis tests can be used to diagnose an adrenal gland tumor called pheochromocytoma, a tumor of catecholamine-secreting chromaffin cells. Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) is produced in the liver and is a major product of norepinephrine and epinephrine metabolism excreted in the urine. |
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Structure | COC1=C(O)C=CC(=C1)[C@H](O)C(O)=O InChI=1S/C9H10O5/c1-14-7-4-5(2-3-6(7)10)8(11)9(12)13/h2-4,8,10-11H,1H3,(H,12,13)/t8-/m0/s1 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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Vanillylmandelate | Generator | (4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)glycolate | HMDB | (4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)glycolic acid | HMDB | 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxy-mandelic acid | HMDB | 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxymandelate | HMDB | 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid | HMDB | 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylhydroxyacetate | HMDB | 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylhydroxyacetic acid | HMDB | 4'-Hydroxy-3'-methoxymandelate | HMDB | 4'-Hydroxy-3'-methoxymandelic acid | HMDB | 4-Hydroxy 3-methoxymandelic acid | HMDB | 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-DL-mandelate | HMDB | 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-DL-mandelic acid | HMDB | 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-mandelate | HMDB | 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-mandelic acid | HMDB | 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxymandelate | HMDB | 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid | HMDB | DL-3-Methoxy-4-hydroxymandelate | HMDB | DL-3-Methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid | HMDB | DL-4-Hydroxy-3-methoxymandelate | HMDB | DL-4-Hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid | HMDB | DL-Vanillomandelate | HMDB | DL-Vanillomandelic acid | HMDB | DL-Vanillylmandelate | HMDB | DL-Vanillylmandelic acid | HMDB | HMMA | HMDB | Hydroxymethoxymandelic acid | HMDB | Lopac-H-0131 | HMDB | Vainillylmandelic acid | HMDB | Vanillinmandelate | HMDB | Vanillinmandelic acid | HMDB | Vanillomandelate | HMDB | Vanillomandelic acid | HMDB | Vanillyl-mandelic acid | HMDB | Vanillylmandellic acid | HMDB | Vanillymandelic acid | HMDB | Vanilmandelate | HMDB | Vanilmandelic acid | HMDB | Vanilylmandelic acid | HMDB | Vanyl-mandelic acid | HMDB | Vanylmandelic acid | HMDB | VMA | HMDB | 2-Phenyllactic acid | HMDB | VMA CPD | HMDB | Atrolactic acid | HMDB | Atrolactic acid monosodium salt, (S)-isomer | HMDB | Atrolactic acid, (+-)-isomer | HMDB | Hydroxymethylmandelic acid | HMDB | (+)-4-Hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid | HMDB | (+)-Vanilmandelic acid | HMDB | (2S)-2-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetic acid | HMDB | (S)-4-Hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid | HMDB | (AlphaS)-alpha,4-dihydroxy-3-methoxybenzeneacetic acid | HMDB | (ΑS)-α,4-dihydroxy-3-methoxybenzeneacetic acid | HMDB | 2-(4'-Hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethanoic acid | HMDB | 2-(4’-hydroxy-3’-methoxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethanoic acid | HMDB | 2-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetic acid | HMDB | 4’-hydroxy-3’-methoxymandelic acid | HMDB | L-(+)-3-Methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid | HMDB | alpha,4-Dihydroxy-3-methoxybenzeneacetic acid | HMDB | Α,4-dihydroxy-3-methoxybenzeneacetic acid | HMDB | Vanillylmandelic acid | HMDB | 2-Hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoic acid | MeSH | Hydroxyphenylpropionic acid | MeSH |
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Chemical Formula | C9H10O5 |
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Average Mass | 198.1727 Da |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 198.05282 Da |
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IUPAC Name | (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetic acid |
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Traditional Name | (S)-hydroxy(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetic acid |
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CAS Registry Number | 55-10-7 |
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SMILES | COC1=C(O)C=CC(=C1)[C@H](O)C(O)=O |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C9H10O5/c1-14-7-4-5(2-3-6(7)10)8(11)9(12)13/h2-4,8,10-11H,1H3,(H,12,13)/t8-/m0/s1 |
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InChI Key | CGQCWMIAEPEHNQ-QMMMGPOBSA-N |
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Experimental Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
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| Not Available | Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Not Available | Species |
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Species of Origin | |
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Species Where Detected | |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as methoxyphenols. Methoxyphenols are compounds containing a methoxy group attached to the benzene ring of a phenol moiety. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Benzenoids |
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Class | Phenols |
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Sub Class | Methoxyphenols |
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Direct Parent | Methoxyphenols |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Methoxyphenol
- Phenoxy compound
- Anisole
- Methoxybenzene
- Phenol ether
- 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
- Alkyl aryl ether
- Alpha-hydroxy acid
- Monocyclic benzene moiety
- Hydroxy acid
- Secondary alcohol
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Ether
- Carboxylic acid
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Alcohol
- Carbonyl group
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organic oxide
- Organooxygen compound
- Aromatic alcohol
- Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | Not Available |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | 132 - 134 °C | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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Predicted Properties | |
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General References | - Raw I, Schmidt BJ, Merzel J: Catecholamines and congenital pain insensitivity. Braz J Med Biol Res. 1984;17(3-4):271-9. [PubMed:6085021 ]
- Goldstein DS, Eisenhofer G, Kopin IJ: Sources and significance of plasma levels of catechols and their metabolites in humans. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003 Jun;305(3):800-11. Epub 2003 Mar 20. [PubMed:12649306 ]
- Silbergeld EK, Chisolm JJ Jr: Lead poisoning: altered urinary catecholamine metabolites as indicators of intoxication in mice and children. Science. 1976 Apr 9;192(4235):153-5. [PubMed:1257763 ]
- Frank K, Raue F, Gottswinter J, Heinrich U, Meybier H, Ziegler R: Importance of early diagnosis and follow-up in multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN II B). Eur J Pediatr. 1984 Dec;143(2):112-6. [PubMed:6394335 ]
- Takahashi S, Godse DD, Warsh JJ, Stancer HC: A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) assay for 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenethyleneglycol and vanilmandelic acid in human serum. Clin Chim Acta. 1977 Dec 1;81(2):182-92. [PubMed:589798 ]
- Suga K, Shimizu K, Nishigauchi K, Kume N, Kawamura T, Matsunaga N: [A case of bilateral adrenal neuroblastomas detected by bone scintigraphy]. Kaku Igaku. 1996 Dec;33(12):1337-42. [PubMed:9023440 ]
- Hartleb J, Eue S, Kemper A: Simultaneous analysis of homovanillic acid, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol and vanilmandelic acid in plasma from alcoholics by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Critical comparison of solid-phase and liquid-liquid extraction methods. J Chromatogr. 1993 Dec 22;622(2):161-71. [PubMed:7512090 ]
- Dias PL, Amarasiri AA: 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid (HMMA) excretion in retinoblastoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 1978 Aug;62(8):525-7. [PubMed:687548 ]
- Saran RK, Sahuja RC, Gupta NN, Hasan M, Bhargava KP, Shanker K, Kishor K: 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol in cerebrospinal fluid and vanillylmandelic acid in urine of humans with hypertension. Science. 1978 Apr 21;200(4339):317-8. [PubMed:635588 ]
- Strittmatter M, Grauer M, Isenberg E, Hamann G, Fischer C, Hoffmann KH, Blaes F, Schimrigk K: Cerebrospinal fluid neuropeptides and monoaminergic transmitters in patients with trigeminal neuralgia. Headache. 1997 Apr;37(4):211-6. [PubMed:9150615 ]
- Zambotti F, Blau K, King GS, Campbell S, Sandler M: Monoamine metabolites and related compounds in human amniotic fluid: assay by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Clin Chim Acta. 1975 Jun 20;61(3):247-56. [PubMed:1149252 ]
- Drebing CJ, Freedman R, Waldo M, Gerhardt GA: Unconjugated methoxylated catecholamine metabolites in human saliva. Quantitation methodology and comparison with plasma levels. Biomed Chromatogr. 1989 Sep;3(5):217-20. [PubMed:2804429 ]
- Bostrom B, Mirkin BL: Elevation of cerebrospinal fluid catecholamine metabolites in patients with intracranial tumors of neuroectodermal origin. J Clin Oncol. 1987 Jul;5(7):1090-7. [PubMed:3598613 ]
- Afonso D, Castellanos MA, Rodriguez M: Determination of monoamines and indoles in amniotic fluid by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection. J Chromatogr. 1990 Jun 8;528(1):101-9. [PubMed:1696583 ]
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