Np mrd loader

Showing NP-Card for Valerylglycine (NP0001280)

Jump To Section:
IdentificationSpectraBioTaxonomyChemoTaxonomyPhysical propertiesLinksReferencesXML
Record Information
Version2.0
Created at2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Updated at2020-11-24 22:22:11 UTC
NP-MRD IDNP0001280
Secondary Accession NumbersNone
Natural Product Identification
Common NameValerylglycine
DescriptionValerylglycine is an acyl glycine. Acyl glycines are normally minor metabolites of fatty acids. However, the excretion of certain acyl glycines is increased in several inborn errors of metabolism. In certain cases the measurement of these metabolites in body fluids can be used to diagnose disorders associated with mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation. Acyl glycines are produced through the action of glycine N-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.13) Which is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction:Acyl-CoA + glycine < -- > CoA + N-acylglycineValerylglycine are identified based on their liquid chromatographic-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectra (LC-APCI-MS)(PMID: 8548022 ).
Structure
Thumb
MOL3D MOLSDF3D SDFPDB3D PDBSMILESInChI

MOL for NP0001280 (Valerylglycine)

Valerylglycine.mol
  Mrv1652305271900322D          

 11 10  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
   -2.1434    0.2062    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7145    0.2063    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.4289   -0.2063    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.1434    1.0312    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.8579   -0.2063    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0000   -0.2063    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0000   -1.0312    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7145    0.2063    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4289   -0.2062    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.1434    0.2063    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.8579   -0.2062    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  2  3  1  0  0  0  0
  1  3  1  0  0  0  0
  1  4  2  0  0  0  0
  1  5  1  0  0  0  0
  6  7  2  0  0  0  0
  6  8  1  0  0  0  0
  8  9  1  0  0  0  0
  9 10  1  0  0  0  0
 10 11  1  0  0  0  0
  2  6  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
Download

3D MOL for NP0001280 (Valerylglycine)

HMDB0000927
     RDKit          3D
Valerylglycine
 24 23  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
   -3.9832   -0.0103    0.3039 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.5141   -0.4538    0.3873 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.9339   -0.2393   -0.9692 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.5009   -0.6054   -1.1347 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.4298    0.1432   -0.2617 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.0486    1.0081    0.5028 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.8149   -0.1464   -0.3254 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.7558    0.5631    0.5112 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.1459    0.0953    0.2752 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.3901   -0.8100   -0.5654 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.1989    0.6332    0.9628 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.5767   -0.4541    1.1214 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.9641    1.0962    0.3717 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.3380   -0.2982   -0.6917 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.4850   -1.5191    0.7139 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.0833    0.1491    1.1933 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.0530    0.8325   -1.2365 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.5136   -0.8190   -1.7172 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.3243   -1.7000   -1.0932 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.2227   -0.3177   -2.1871 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.1900   -0.8704   -0.9694 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.7659    1.6664    0.2727 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.5271    0.4366    1.5886 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.3230    1.6199    1.1625 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  1  0
  3  4  1  0
  4  5  1  0
  5  6  2  0
  5  7  1  0
  7  8  1  0
  8  9  1  0
  9 10  2  0
  9 11  1  0
  1 12  1  0
  1 13  1  0
  1 14  1  0
  2 15  1  0
  2 16  1  0
  3 17  1  0
  3 18  1  0
  4 19  1  0
  4 20  1  0
  7 21  1  0
  8 22  1  0
  8 23  1  0
 11 24  1  0
M  END
Download

3D SDF for NP0001280 (Valerylglycine)

Valerylglycine.mol
  Mrv1652305271900322D          

 11 10  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
   -2.1434    0.2062    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7145    0.2063    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.4289   -0.2063    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.1434    1.0312    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.8579   -0.2063    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0000   -0.2063    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0000   -1.0312    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7145    0.2063    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4289   -0.2062    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.1434    0.2063    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.8579   -0.2062    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  2  3  1  0  0  0  0
  1  3  1  0  0  0  0
  1  4  2  0  0  0  0
  1  5  1  0  0  0  0
  6  7  2  0  0  0  0
  6  8  1  0  0  0  0
  8  9  1  0  0  0  0
  9 10  1  0  0  0  0
 10 11  1  0  0  0  0
  2  6  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
> <DATABASE_ID>
NP0001280

> <DATABASE_NAME>
NP-MRD

> <SMILES>
CCCCC(=O)NCC(O)=O

> <INCHI_IDENTIFIER>
InChI=1S/C7H13NO3/c1-2-3-4-6(9)8-5-7(10)11/h2-5H2,1H3,(H,8,9)(H,10,11)

> <INCHI_KEY>
NYZBWOSRZJKQAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N

> <FORMULA>
C7H13NO3

> <MOLECULAR_WEIGHT>
159.183

> <EXACT_MASS>
159.089543287

> <JCHEM_ACCEPTOR_COUNT>
3

> <JCHEM_ATOM_COUNT>
24

> <JCHEM_AVERAGE_POLARIZABILITY>
16.667799983186008

> <JCHEM_BIOAVAILABILITY>
1

> <JCHEM_DONOR_COUNT>
2

> <JCHEM_FORMAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_GHOSE_FILTER>
0

> <JCHEM_IUPAC>
2-pentanamidoacetic acid

> <ALOGPS_LOGP>
0.39

> <JCHEM_LOGP>
0.2610442230000001

> <ALOGPS_LOGS>
-1.35

> <JCHEM_MDDR_LIKE_RULE>
0

> <JCHEM_NUMBER_OF_RINGS>
0

> <JCHEM_PHYSIOLOGICAL_CHARGE>
-1

> <JCHEM_PKA>
15.910035040352945

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_ACIDIC>
4.166378613948901

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_BASIC>
-1.6779496411899242

> <JCHEM_POLAR_SURFACE_AREA>
66.4

> <JCHEM_REFRACTIVITY>
39.2761

> <JCHEM_ROTATABLE_BOND_COUNT>
5

> <JCHEM_RULE_OF_FIVE>
1

> <ALOGPS_SOLUBILITY>
7.14e+00 g/l

> <JCHEM_TRADITIONAL_IUPAC>
valerylglycine

> <JCHEM_VEBER_RULE>
0

$$$$
Download

3D-SDF for NP0001280 (Valerylglycine)

HMDB0000927
     RDKit          3D
Valerylglycine
 24 23  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
   -3.9832   -0.0103    0.3039 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.5141   -0.4538    0.3873 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.9339   -0.2393   -0.9692 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.5009   -0.6054   -1.1347 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.4298    0.1432   -0.2617 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.0486    1.0081    0.5028 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.8149   -0.1464   -0.3254 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.7558    0.5631    0.5112 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.1459    0.0953    0.2752 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.3901   -0.8100   -0.5654 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.1989    0.6332    0.9628 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.5767   -0.4541    1.1214 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.9641    1.0962    0.3717 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.3380   -0.2982   -0.6917 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.4850   -1.5191    0.7139 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.0833    0.1491    1.1933 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.0530    0.8325   -1.2365 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.5136   -0.8190   -1.7172 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.3243   -1.7000   -1.0932 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.2227   -0.3177   -2.1871 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.1900   -0.8704   -0.9694 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.7659    1.6664    0.2727 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.5271    0.4366    1.5886 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.3230    1.6199    1.1625 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  1  0
  3  4  1  0
  4  5  1  0
  5  6  2  0
  5  7  1  0
  7  8  1  0
  8  9  1  0
  9 10  2  0
  9 11  1  0
  1 12  1  0
  1 13  1  0
  1 14  1  0
  2 15  1  0
  2 16  1  0
  3 17  1  0
  3 18  1  0
  4 19  1  0
  4 20  1  0
  7 21  1  0
  8 22  1  0
  8 23  1  0
 11 24  1  0
M  END
Download

PDB for NP0001280 (Valerylglycine)

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 27-MAY-19   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    MOLECULE: Valerylglycine.mol                                
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   27-MAY-19         0                                  
HETATM    1  C   UNK     0      -4.001   0.385   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    2  N   UNK     0      -1.334   0.385   0.000  0.00  0.00           N+0
HETATM    3  C   UNK     0      -2.667  -0.385   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    4  O   UNK     0      -4.001   1.925   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    5  O   UNK     0      -5.335  -0.385   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    6  C   UNK     0       0.000  -0.385   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    7  O   UNK     0       0.000  -1.925   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    8  C   UNK     0       1.334   0.385   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    9  C   UNK     0       2.667  -0.385   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   10  C   UNK     0       4.001   0.385   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   11  C   UNK     0       5.335  -0.385   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
CONECT    1    3    4    5                                                  
CONECT    2    3    6                                                       
CONECT    3    2    1                                                       
CONECT    4    1                                                            
CONECT    5    1                                                            
CONECT    6    7    8    2                                                  
CONECT    7    6                                                            
CONECT    8    6    9                                                       
CONECT    9    8   10                                                       
CONECT   10    9   11                                                       
CONECT   11   10                                                            
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   11    0   20    0
END
Download

3D PDB for NP0001280 (Valerylglycine)

COMPND    HMDB0000927
HETATM    1  C1  UNL     1      -3.983  -0.010   0.304  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    2  C2  UNL     1      -2.514  -0.454   0.387  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    3  C3  UNL     1      -1.934  -0.239  -0.969  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    4  C4  UNL     1      -0.501  -0.605  -1.135  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    5  C5  UNL     1       0.430   0.143  -0.262  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    6  O1  UNL     1      -0.049   1.008   0.503  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    7  N1  UNL     1       1.815  -0.146  -0.325  1.00  0.00           N  
HETATM    8  C6  UNL     1       2.756   0.563   0.511  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    9  C7  UNL     1       4.146   0.095   0.275  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   10  O2  UNL     1       4.390  -0.810  -0.565  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM   11  O3  UNL     1       5.199   0.633   0.963  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM   12  H1  UNL     1      -4.577  -0.454   1.121  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   13  H2  UNL     1      -3.964   1.096   0.372  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   14  H3  UNL     1      -4.338  -0.298  -0.692  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   15  H4  UNL     1      -2.485  -1.519   0.714  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   16  H5  UNL     1      -2.083   0.149   1.193  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   17  H6  UNL     1      -2.053   0.833  -1.237  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   18  H7  UNL     1      -2.514  -0.819  -1.717  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   19  H8  UNL     1      -0.324  -1.700  -1.093  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   20  H9  UNL     1      -0.223  -0.318  -2.187  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   21  H10 UNL     1       2.190  -0.870  -0.969  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   22  H11 UNL     1       2.766   1.666   0.273  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   23  H12 UNL     1       2.527   0.437   1.589  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   24  H13 UNL     1       5.323   1.620   1.163  1.00  0.00           H  
CONECT    1    2   12   13   14
CONECT    2    3   15   16
CONECT    3    4   17   18
CONECT    4    5   19   20
CONECT    5    6    6    7
CONECT    7    8   21
CONECT    8    9   22   23
CONECT    9   10   10   11
CONECT   11   24
END
Download

SMILES for NP0001280 (Valerylglycine)

CCCCC(=O)NCC(O)=O
Download

INCHI for NP0001280 (Valerylglycine)

InChI=1S/C7H13NO3/c1-2-3-4-6(9)8-5-7(10)11/h2-5H2,1H3,(H,8,9)(H,10,11)
Download
View in JSmol
Synonyms
ValueSource
N-N-ValerylglycineHMDB
N-PentanoylglycineHMDB
N-Valeryl-glycineHMDB
2-[(1-Hydroxypentylidene)amino]acetateHMDB
Chemical FormulaC7H13NO3
Average Mass159.1830 Da
Monoisotopic Mass159.08954 Da
IUPAC Name2-pentanamidoacetic acid
Traditional Namevalerylglycine
CAS Registry Number24003-66-5
SMILES
CCCCC(=O)NCC(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C7H13NO3/c1-2-3-4-6(9)8-5-7(10)11/h2-5H2,1H3,(H,8,9)(H,10,11)
InChI KeyNYZBWOSRZJKQAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Experimental Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionDepositor EmailDepositor OrganizationDepositorDeposition DateView
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
2D NMR[1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
Predicted Spectra
Not Available
Chemical Shift Submissions
Not Available
Species
Species of Origin
Species NameSourceReference
Anas platyrhynchosFooDB
AnatidaeFooDB
Anser anserFooDB
Bison bisonFooDB
Bos taurusFooDB
Bos taurus X Bison bisonFooDB
Bubalus bubalisFooDB
Capra aegagrus hircusFooDB
CervidaeFooDB
Cervus canadensisFooDB
ColumbaFooDB
ColumbidaeFooDB
Dromaius novaehollandiaeFooDB
Equus caballusFooDB
Gallus gallusFooDB
Lagopus mutaFooDB
LeporidaeFooDB
Lepus timidusFooDB
Melanitta fuscaFooDB
Meleagris gallopavoFooDB
Numida meleagrisFooDB
OdocoileusFooDB
OryctolagusFooDB
Ovis ariesFooDB
PhasianidaeFooDB
Phasianus colchicusFooDB
Struthio camelusFooDB
Sus scrofaFooDB
Sus scrofa domesticaFooDB
Species Where Detected
Species NameSourceReference
Homo sapiens (Urine)KNApSAcK Database
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as n-acyl-alpha amino acids. N-acyl-alpha amino acids are compounds containing an alpha amino acid which bears an acyl group at its terminal nitrogen atom.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassCarboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub ClassAmino acids, peptides, and analogues
Direct ParentN-acyl-alpha amino acids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • N-acyl-alpha-amino acid
  • Fatty amide
  • N-acyl-amine
  • Fatty acyl
  • Carboxamide group
  • Secondary carboxylic acid amide
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility7.14 g/LALOGPS
logP0.39ALOGPS
logP0.26ChemAxon
logS-1.4ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)4.17ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-1.7ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area66.4 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count5ChemAxon
Refractivity39.28 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability16.67 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
HMDB IDHMDB0000927
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FoodDB IDFDB022321
KNApSAcK IDC00052329
Chemspider ID3924818
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
METLIN ID5878
PubChem Compound4737557
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
General References
  1. Ito T, Kidouchi K, Sugiyama N, Kajita M, Chiba T, Niwa T, Wada Y: Liquid chromatographic-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometric analysis of glycine conjugates and urinary isovalerylglycine in isovaleric acidemia. J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl. 1995 Aug 18;670(2):317-22. [PubMed:8548022 ]
  2. Park I, Zimmerman NP, Smith AH, Rehberger TG, Lillehoj EP, Lillehoj HS: Dietary Supplementation With Bacillus subtilis Direct-Fed Microbials Alters Chicken Intestinal Metabolite Levels. Front Vet Sci. 2020 Mar 4;7:123. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00123. eCollection 2020. [PubMed:32195276 ]
  3. Shahfiza N, Osman H, Hock TT, Abdel-Hamid AZ: Metabolomics approach for multibiomarkers determination to investigate dengue virus infection in human patients. Acta Biochim Pol. 2017;64(2):215-219. doi: 10.18388/abp.2015_1224. Epub 2017 Mar 30. [PubMed:28350402 ]
  4. Stanislaus A, Guo K, Li L: Development of an isotope labeling ultra-high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometric method for quantification of acylglycines in human urine. Anal Chim Acta. 2012 Oct 31;750:161-72. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.05.006. Epub 2012 May 15. [PubMed:23062437 ]
  5. Westermann CM, Dorland L, Votion DM, de Sain-van der Velden MG, Wijnberg ID, Wanders RJ, Spliet WG, Testerink N, Berger R, Ruiter JP, van der Kolk JH: Acquired multiple Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency in 10 horses with atypical myopathy. Neuromuscul Disord. 2008 May;18(5):355-64. doi: 10.1016/j.nmd.2008.02.007. Epub 2008 Apr 11. [PubMed:18406615 ]
  6. Westermann CM, de Sain-van der Velden MG, van der Kolk JH, Berger R, Wijnberg ID, Koeman JP, Wanders RJ, Lenstra JA, Testerink N, Vaandrager AB, Vianey-Saban C, Acquaviva-Bourdain C, Dorland L: Equine biochemical multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) as a cause of rhabdomyolysis. Mol Genet Metab. 2007 Aug;91(4):362-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2007.04.010. Epub 2007 May 30. [PubMed:17540595 ]