Record Information |
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Version | 2.0 |
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Created at | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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Updated at | 2024-09-17 15:44:43 UTC |
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NP-MRD ID | NP0001268 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Natural Product Identification |
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Common Name | Estradiol |
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Description | Estradiol is the most potent form of mammalian estrogenic steroids. Estradiol is produced in the ovaries. The ovary requires both luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) to produce sex steroids. LH stimulates the cells surrounding the follicle to produce progesterone and androgens. The androgens diffuse across the basement membrane to the granulosa cell layer, where, under the action of FSH, they are aromatized to estrogens, mainly estradiol. The ovary shows cyclical activity, unlike the testis that is maintained in a more or less constant state of activity. Hormone secretions vary according to the phase of the menstrual cycle. In the developing follicle LH receptors (LH-R) are only located on the thecal cells and FSH receptors (FSHR) on the granulosa cells. The dominant pre-ovulatory follicle develops LH-Rs on the granulosa cells prior to the LH surge. Thecal cells of the preovulatory follicle also develop the capacity to synthesize estradiol and this persists when the thecal cells become incorporated into the corpus luteum. After ovulation, the empty follicle is remodelled and plays an important role in the second half or luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. This phase is dominated by progesterone and, to a lesser extent, estradiol secretion by the corpus luteum. Estradiol is also synthesized locally from cholesterol through testosterone in the hippocampus and acts rapidly to modulate neuronal synaptic plasticity. Localization of estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) in spines in addition to nuclei of principal neurons implies that synaptic ERalpha is responsible for rapid modulation of synaptic plasticity by endogenous estradiol. Estradiol is a potent endogenous antioxidant which suppresses hepatic fibrosis in animal models, and attenuates induction of redox sensitive transcription factors, hepatocyte apoptosis and hepatic stellate cells activation by inhibiting a generation of reactive oxygen species in primary cultures. This suggests that the greater progression of hepatic fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in men and postmenopausal women may be due, at least in part, to lower production of estradiol and a reduced response to the action of estradiol. Estradiol has been reported to induce the production of interferon (INF)-gamma in lymphocytes, and augments an antigen-specific primary antibody response in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. IFN-gamma is a potent cytokine with immunomodulatory and antiproliferative properties. Therefore, female subjects, particularly before menopause, may produce antibodies against hepatitis B virus e antigen and hepatitis B virus surface antigen at a higher frequency than males with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. The estradiol-Dihydrotestosterone model of prostate cancer (PC) proposes that the first step in the development of most PC and breast cancer (BC) occurs when aromatase converts testosterone to estradiol. (PMID: 17708600 , 17678531 , 17644764 ). |
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Structure | [H]OC1=C([H])C([H])=C2C(=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@@]1([H])[C@]3([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@]([H])(O[H])[C@@]3(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@]21[H] InChI=1S/C18H24O2/c1-18-9-8-14-13-5-3-12(19)10-11(13)2-4-15(14)16(18)6-7-17(18)20/h3,5,10,14-17,19-20H,2,4,6-9H2,1H3/t14-,15-,16+,17+,18+/m1/s1 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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(17beta)-Estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17-diol | ChEBI | 17beta Oestradiol | ChEBI | 17beta-Estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17-diol | ChEBI | 17beta-Oestradiol | ChEBI | beta-Estradiol | ChEBI | cis-Estradiol | ChEBI | Estradiol-17beta | ChEBI | Climara | Kegg | Divigel | Kegg | Estrace | Kegg | Estraderm | Kegg | Estrasorb | Kegg | Estring | Kegg | Estrogel | Kegg | Innofem | Kegg | Vagifem | Kegg | Vivelle | Kegg | (17b)-Estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17-diol | Generator | (17Β)-estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17-diol | Generator | 17b Oestradiol | Generator | 17Β oestradiol | Generator | 17b-Estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17-diol | Generator | 17Β-estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17-diol | Generator | 17b-Oestradiol | Generator | 17Β-oestradiol | Generator | b-Estradiol | Generator | Β-estradiol | Generator | Estradiol-17b | Generator | Estradiol-17β | Generator | (+)-3,17b-Estradiol | HMDB | 13b-Methyl-1,3,5(10)-gonatriene-3,17b-ol | HMDB | 17b-Estradiol | HMDB | 3,17-Epidihydroxyestratriene | HMDB | 3,17b-Dihydroxyestra-1,3,5(10)-triene | HMDB | 3,17b-Estradiol | HMDB | Aerodiol | HMDB | Agofollin | HMDB | Altrad | HMDB | Amnestrogen | HMDB | Aquadiol | HMDB | Bardiol | HMDB | Climaderm | HMDB | Compudose | HMDB | Corpagen | HMDB | D-Estradiol | HMDB | D-Oestradiol | HMDB | delta-Estradiol | HMDB | delta-Oestradiol | HMDB | Dermestril | HMDB | Dihydro-theelin | HMDB | Dihydrofollicular hormone | HMDB | Dihydrofolliculin | HMDB | Dihydromenformon | HMDB | Dihydrotheelin | HMDB | Dihydroxyestrin | HMDB | Dimenformon | HMDB | Diogyn | HMDB | Diogynets | HMDB | Encore | HMDB | Epiestriol 50 | HMDB | Estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17b-diol | HMDB | Estraderm TTS | HMDB | Estradiol-17-beta | HMDB | Estradot | HMDB | Estraldine | HMDB | Estring vaginal ring | HMDB | Estroclim | HMDB | Estroclim 50 | HMDB | Estrogel HBF | HMDB | Estrovite | HMDB | Evorel | HMDB | Femestral | HMDB | Femogen | HMDB | Follicyclin | HMDB | Gelestra | HMDB | Ginosedol | HMDB | Gynergon | HMDB | Gynoestryl | HMDB | Lamdiol | HMDB | Macrodiol | HMDB | Menorest | HMDB | Nordicol | HMDB | Oesclim | HMDB | Oestergon | HMDB | Oestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17b-diol | HMDB | Oestradiol | HMDB | Oestrogel | HMDB | Oestroglandol | HMDB | Ovahormon | HMDB | Ovasterol | HMDB | Ovastevol | HMDB | Ovocyclin | HMDB | Ovocylin | HMDB | Perlatanol | HMDB | Primofol | HMDB | Profoliol | HMDB | Profoliol b | HMDB | Progynon | HMDB | Progynon DH | HMDB | Sandrena 1 | HMDB | Syndiol | HMDB | Systen | HMDB | Zumenon | HMDB | Estradiol hemihydrate, (17 alpha)-isomer | HMDB | Estradiol, (-)-isomer | HMDB | Estradiol, monosodium salt | HMDB | Estradiol-17 beta | HMDB | 17 beta Oestradiol | HMDB | 17 beta-Estradiol | HMDB | Estradiol 17 beta | HMDB | Estradiol monohydrate | HMDB | Estradiol orion brand | HMDB | Estradiol, (17-alpha)-isomer | HMDB | Estradiol, sodium salt | HMDB | 17 beta Estradiol | HMDB | Estradiol hemihydrate | HMDB | Estradiol, (+-)-isomer | HMDB | Estradiol, (16 alpha,17 alpha)-isomer | HMDB | Estradiol-17 alpha | HMDB | Orion brand OF estradiol | HMDB | 17 beta-Oestradiol | HMDB | Estradiol 17 alpha | HMDB | Estradiol 17beta | HMDB | Estradiol anhydrous | HMDB | Estradiol, (16 alpha,17 beta)-isomer | HMDB | Estradiol, (8 alpha,17 beta)-(+-)-isomer | HMDB | Estradiol, (8 alpha,17 beta)-isomer | HMDB | Estradiol, (9 beta,17 alpha)-isomer | HMDB | Estradiol, (9 beta,17 beta)-isomer | HMDB | Novartis pharmaceuticals brand OF estradiol | HMDB | Progynova | HMDB | Estradiol valeriante | HMDB | Estradiol valerate | HMDB | Delestrogen | HMDB | Progynon depot | HMDB | Progynon-depot | HMDB | Estradiol | ChEBI |
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Chemical Formula | C18H24O2 |
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Average Mass | 272.3820 Da |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 272.17763 Da |
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IUPAC Name | (1S,10R,11S,14S,15S)-15-methyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadeca-2(7),3,5-triene-5,14-diol |
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Traditional Name | (1S,10R,11S,14S,15S)-15-methyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadeca-2(7),3,5-triene-5,14-diol |
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CAS Registry Number | 50-28-2 |
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SMILES | [H]OC1=C([H])C([H])=C2C(=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@@]1([H])[C@]3([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@]([H])(O[H])[C@@]3(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@]21[H] |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C18H24O2/c1-18-9-8-14-13-5-3-12(19)10-11(13)2-4-15(14)16(18)6-7-17(18)20/h3,5,10,14-17,19-20H,2,4,6-9H2,1H3/t14-,15-,16+,17+,18+/m1/s1 |
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InChI Key | VOXZDWNPVJITMN-ZBRFXRBCSA-N |
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Experimental Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, 100%_DMSO, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor ID | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 25 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 252 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 50 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 75 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 101 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 126 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 151 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 176 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 201 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 226 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Not Available | Species |
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Species of Origin | |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as estrogens and derivatives. These are steroids with a structure containing a 3-hydroxylated estrane. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Lipids and lipid-like molecules |
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Class | Steroids and steroid derivatives |
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Sub Class | Estrane steroids |
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Direct Parent | Estrogens and derivatives |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Estrogen-skeleton
- 17-hydroxysteroid
- Hydroxysteroid
- 3-hydroxysteroid
- Phenanthrene
- Tetralin
- 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
- Benzenoid
- Cyclic alcohol
- Secondary alcohol
- Organic oxygen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organooxygen compound
- Alcohol
- Aromatic homopolycyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aromatic homopolycyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | 178.5 °C | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | 0.0036 mg/mL | Not Available | LogP | 4.01 | Hansch CH, Leo A and Hoekman DH. "Exploring QSAR: Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constraints. Volume 1" ACS Publications (1995). |
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Predicted Properties | |
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General References | - Carani C, Qin K, Simoni M, Faustini-Fustini M, Serpente S, Boyd J, Korach KS, Simpson ER: Effect of testosterone and estradiol in a man with aromatase deficiency. N Engl J Med. 1997 Jul 10;337(2):91-5. [PubMed:9211678 ]
- Raman JD, Schlegel PN: Aromatase inhibitors for male infertility. J Urol. 2002 Feb;167(2 Pt 1):624-9. [PubMed:11792932 ]
- Garcia-Segura LM, Sanz A, Mendez P: Cross-talk between IGF-I and estradiol in the brain: focus on neuroprotection. Neuroendocrinology. 2006;84(4):275-9. Epub 2006 Nov 23. [PubMed:17124377 ]
- Martina V, Benso A, Gigliardi VR, Masha A, Origlia C, Granata R, Ghigo E: Short-term dehydroepiandrosterone treatment increases platelet cGMP production in elderly male subjects. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2006 Mar;64(3):260-4. [PubMed:16487434 ]
- Schaap LA, Pluijm SM, Smit JH, van Schoor NM, Visser M, Gooren LJ, Lips P: The association of sex hormone levels with poor mobility, low muscle strength and incidence of falls among older men and women. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2005 Aug;63(2):152-60. [PubMed:16060908 ]
- Evagelatou M, Webster AD, Farrant J: Effects of 17 beta-oestradiol on function of lymphocytes from normal donors and patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). Clin Exp Immunol. 1994 Nov;98(2):203-9. [PubMed:7955523 ]
- Carnevale V, Scillitani A, Vecci E, D'Erasmo E, Romagnoli E, Paglia F, Pepe J, Baldini V, Santori C, De Geronimo S, Minisola S: Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and bone resorption rates as reflected by serum levels of C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen: a study in healthy men. J Endocrinol Invest. 2005 Feb;28(2):102-5. [PubMed:15887853 ]
- Jojua T, Sumbadze TS, Papava M: Secretion of sex hormones in patients with open angle glaucoma. Georgian Med News. 2005 Jul-Aug;(124-125):33-7. [PubMed:16148373 ]
- Hamden KE, Ford PW, Whitman AG, Dyson OF, Cheng SY, McCubrey JA, Akula SM: Raf-induced vascular endothelial growth factor augments Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection. J Virol. 2004 Dec;78(23):13381-90. [PubMed:15542692 ]
- Lahdes-Vasama TT, Koskimaki JE, Streng TK, Fisch RD, Nilson EA, Santti RS, Tammela TL: Urodynamic findings in men operated on for an undescended testicle. BJU Int. 2003 Dec;92(9):972-6. [PubMed:14632858 ]
- Iranmanesh A, Veldhuis JD: Combined inhibition of types I and II 5 alpha-reductase selectively augments the basal (nonpulsatile) mode of testosterone secretion in young men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Jul;90(7):4232-7. Epub 2005 Apr 5. [PubMed:15811930 ]
- Stabile LP, Davis AL, Gubish CT, Hopkins TM, Luketich JD, Christie N, Finkelstein S, Siegfried JM: Human non-small cell lung tumors and cells derived from normal lung express both estrogen receptor alpha and beta and show biological responses to estrogen. Cancer Res. 2002 Apr 1;62(7):2141-50. [PubMed:11929836 ]
- Chabbert-Buffet N, Bouchard P: [Physiology and exploration of the gonadotropic axis]. Rev Prat. 1999 Jun 15;49(12):1270-6. [PubMed:10488657 ]
- Schonknecht P, Henze M, Hunt A, Klinga K, Haberkorn U, Schroder J: Hippocampal glucose metabolism is associated with cerebrospinal fluid estrogen levels in postmenopausal women with Alzheimer's disease. Psychiatry Res. 2003 Oct 30;124(2):125-7. [PubMed:14561431 ]
- Elliott KJ, Cable NT, Reilly T: Does oral contraceptive use affect maximum force production in women? Br J Sports Med. 2005 Jan;39(1):15-9. [PubMed:15618333 ]
- Blomquist CH, D'Ascoli PT: Gestational development of human placental 17 beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase types 1 and 2. Hum Reprod. 1995 Oct;10(10):2685-9. [PubMed:8567793 ]
- Fraser D, Padwick ML, Whitehead M, Coffer A, King RJ: Presence of an oestradiol receptor-related protein in the skin: changes during the normal menstrual cycle. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1991 Dec;98(12):1277-82. [PubMed:1777462 ]
- Greb RR, Grieshaber K, Gromoll J, Sonntag B, Nieschlag E, Kiesel L, Simoni M: A common single nucleotide polymorphism in exon 10 of the human follicle stimulating hormone receptor is a major determinant of length and hormonal dynamics of the menstrual cycle. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Aug;90(8):4866-72. Epub 2005 May 10. [PubMed:15886248 ]
- Archer JS, Love-Geffen TE, Herbst-Damm KL, Swinney DA, Chang JR: Effect of estradiol versus estradiol and testosterone on brain-activation patterns in postmenopausal women. Menopause. 2006 May-Jun;13(3):528-37. [PubMed:16735951 ]
- Anwar A, McTernan PG, Anderson LA, Askaa J, Moody CG, Barnett AH, Eggo MC, Kumar S: Site-specific regulation of oestrogen receptor-alpha and -beta by oestradiol in human adipose tissue. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2001 Oct;3(5):338-49. [PubMed:11703424 ]
- Tanko LB, Christiansen C: Effects of 17beta-oestradiol plus different doses of drospirenone on adipose tissue, adiponectin and atherogenic metabolites in postmenopausal women. J Intern Med. 2005 Dec;258(6):544-53. [PubMed:16313478 ]
- Sulcova J, Hampl R, Hill M, Starka L, Novacek A: Delayed effects of short-term transdermal application of 7-oxo-dehydroepiandrosterone on its metabolites, some hormonal steroids and relevant proteohormones in healthy male volunteers. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2005;43(2):221-7. [PubMed:15843221 ]
- Shimizu I, Kohno N, Tamaki K, Shono M, Huang HW, He JH, Yao DF: Female hepatology: favorable role of estrogen in chronic liver disease with hepatitis B virus infection. World J Gastroenterol. 2007 Aug 28;13(32):4295-305. [PubMed:17708600 ]
- Friedman AE: Can a single model explain both breast cancer and prostate cancer? Theor Biol Med Model. 2007 Aug 1;4:28. [PubMed:17678531 ]
- Ishii H, Tsurugizawa T, Ogiue-Ikeda M, Asashima M, Mukai H, Murakami G, Hojo Y, Kimoto T, Kawato S: Local production of sex hormones and their modulation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Neuroscientist. 2007 Aug;13(4):323-34. [PubMed:17644764 ]
- Behl C, Widmann M, Trapp T, Holsboer F: 17-beta estradiol protects neurons from oxidative stress-induced cell death in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995 Nov 13;216(2):473-82. [PubMed:7488136 ]
- Pentikainen V, Erkkila K, Suomalainen L, Parvinen M, Dunkel L: Estradiol acts as a germ cell survival factor in the human testis in vitro. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 May;85(5):2057-67. [PubMed:10843196 ]
- Schmidt JW, Wollner D, Curcio J, Riedlinger J, Kim LS: Hormone replacement therapy in menopausal women: Past problems and future possibilities. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2006 Oct;22(10):564-77. [PubMed:17135036 ]
- Foresta C, Zuccarello D, Biagioli A, De Toni L, Prana E, Nicoletti V, Ambrosini G, Ferlin A: Oestrogen stimulates endothelial progenitor cells via oestrogen receptor-alpha. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2007 Oct;67(4):520-5. Epub 2007 Jun 15. [PubMed:17573901 ]
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