Record Information |
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Version | 2.0 |
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Created at | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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Updated at | 2021-06-29 00:46:58 UTC |
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NP-MRD ID | NP0001227 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Natural Product Identification |
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Common Name | 2,3-Diphosphoglyceric acid |
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Description | 2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate (CAS: 138-81-8), Also known as 2,3-BPG or 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, is a three-carbon isomer of the glycolytic intermediate 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate and is present at high levels in the human red blood cell (RBC; erythrocyte) at the same molar concentration as hemoglobin. It is notable because it binds to deoxygenated hemoglobin in RBCs. In doing so, it allosterically upregulates the ability of RBCs to release oxygen near tissues that need it most. Its function was discovered in 1967 by Reinhold Benesch and Ruth Benesch. |
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Structure | OC(=O)[C@@H](COP(O)(O)=O)OP(O)(O)=O InChI=1S/C3H8O10P2/c4-3(5)2(13-15(9,10)11)1-12-14(6,7)8/h2H,1H2,(H,4,5)(H2,6,7,8)(H2,9,10,11)/t2-/m1/s1 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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2,3-Bisphospho-D-glycerate | ChEBI | 2,3-Bisphosphoglyceric acid | ChEBI | 2,3-BPG | ChEBI | 2,3-Disphospho-D-glycerate | ChEBI | D-Greenwald ester | ChEBI | DPG | ChEBI | Glyceric acid bis(dihydrogen phosphate) | ChEBI | Glyceric acid diphosphate | ChEBI | 2,3-Diphospho-D-glycerate | Kegg | 2,3-Bisphospho-D-glyceric acid | Generator | 2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate | Generator | 2,3-Disphospho-D-glyceric acid | Generator | Glycerate bis(dihydrogen phosphate) | Generator | Glyceric acid bis(dihydrogen phosphoric acid) | Generator | Glycerate diphosphate | Generator | Glyceric acid diphosphoric acid | Generator | 2,3-Diphospho-D-glyceric acid | Generator | 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate | Generator | (2R)-2,3-Bis(phosphonooxy)-propanoate | HMDB | (2R)-2,3-Bis(phosphonooxy)-propanoic acid | HMDB | (R)-2,3-Bis(phosphonooxy)-propanoate | HMDB | (R)-2,3-Bis(phosphonooxy)-propanoic acid | HMDB | 2,3-Bis(phosphonooxy)-propanoate | HMDB | 2,3-Bis(phosphonooxy)-propanoic acid | HMDB | 2,3-Diphospho-D-glyceric acid pentasodium salt | HMDB | D-Glyceric acid bis | HMDB | D-Glyceric acid bis(dihydrogen phosphate) | HMDB | Diphosphoglycerate | HMDB | Diphosphoglyceric acid | HMDB | Glycerate 2,3-diphosphate | HMDB | 2,3 Diphosphoglyceric acid | HMDB | 2,3 Bisphosphoglycerate | HMDB | 2,3 Diphosphoglycerate | HMDB | 2,3-DPG | HMDB | 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate, (D)-isomer | HMDB | Glycerate 2,3-bisphosphate | HMDB | 2,3-Bisphosphate, glycerate | HMDB | (2R)-2,3-Bis(phosphonooxy)propanoic acid | HMDB | (2R)-2,3-Bis(phosphonooxy)propionic acid | HMDB | 2,3-Bis(phosphonooxy)propanoic acid | HMDB | 2,3-Bis(phosphonooxy)propionic acid | HMDB | 2,3-Diphosphonooxypropanoic acid | HMDB | 2,3-Diphosphonooxypropionic acid | HMDB | 2,3-Diphosphoglyceric acid | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C3H8O10P2 |
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Average Mass | 266.0371 Da |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 265.95927 Da |
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IUPAC Name | (2R)-2,3-bis(phosphonooxy)propanoic acid |
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Traditional Name | diphosphoglycerate |
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CAS Registry Number | 138-81-8 |
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SMILES | OC(=O)[C@@H](COP(O)(O)=O)OP(O)(O)=O |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C3H8O10P2/c4-3(5)2(13-15(9,10)11)1-12-14(6,7)8/h2H,1H2,(H,4,5)(H2,6,7,8)(H2,9,10,11)/t2-/m1/s1 |
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InChI Key | XOHUEYCVLUUEJJ-UWTATZPHSA-N |
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Experimental Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, simulated) | Varshavi.d26 | | | 2021-08-18 | View Spectrum | 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
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| Not Available | Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, simulated) | varshavi.d26@gmail.com | Not Available | Not Available | 2021-08-08 | View Spectrum |
| Species |
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Species of Origin | |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sugar acids and derivatives. Sugar acids and derivatives are compounds containing a saccharide unit which bears a carboxylic acid group. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Organic oxygen compounds |
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Class | Organooxygen compounds |
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Sub Class | Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates |
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Direct Parent | Sugar acids and derivatives |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Monoalkyl phosphate
- Glyceric_acid
- Alkyl phosphate
- Phosphoric acid ester
- Organic phosphoric acid derivative
- Monosaccharide
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Carboxylic acid
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Organic oxide
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Carbonyl group
- Aliphatic acyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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Predicted Properties | |
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General References | - Mairbaurl H, Schobersberger W, Oelz O, Bartsch P, Eckardt KU, Bauer C: Unchanged in vivo P50 at high altitude despite decreased erythrocyte age and elevated 2,3-diphosphoglycerate. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1990 Mar;68(3):1186-94. [PubMed:2111310 ]
- Luganova IS, Blinov MN, Abdulkadyrova AS: [Age composition of the erythrocyte population, ATP and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate composition in erythrocytes in different forms of hemolytic anemia]. Vopr Med Khim. 1978 Jul-Aug;24(4):499-505. [PubMed:685194 ]
- Miwa S, Fujii H, Matsumoto N, Nakatsuji T, Oda S, Asano H, Asano S: A case of red-cell adenosine deaminase overproduction associated with hereditary hemolytic anemia found in Japan. Am J Hematol. 1978;5(2):107-15. [PubMed:736030 ]
- Sezdi M, Bayik M, Ulgen Y: Storage effects on the Cole-Cole parameters of erythrocyte suspensions. Physiol Meas. 2006 Jul;27(7):623-35. Epub 2006 Apr 28. [PubMed:16705260 ]
- Linko K, Hekali R: Influence of the Taurus radiowave blood warmer on human red cells. Hemolysis and erythrocyte ATP and 2,3 DPG concentrations following warming by radiowaves, microwaves and water bath. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1980;24(1):46-52. [PubMed:7376803 ]
- Shanoian SA, Gel'shtein GG, Sharova IuA, Metina RA, Lifliandskii DB: [Study of 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid levels in artificial blood circulation with the use of a perfusate composed of defrosted erythrocytes and donor blood]. Probl Gematol Pereliv Krovi. 1976 Feb;21(2):41-3. [PubMed:1257232 ]
- Spodaryk K, Zoladz JA: The 2,3-DPG levels of human red blood cells during an incremental exercise test: relationship to the blood acid-base balance. Physiol Res. 1998;47(1):17-22. [PubMed:9708696 ]
- Springer RR, Clark DK, Lea AS, Solis RT: Effects of changes in arterial carbon dioxide tension on oxygen consumption during cardiopulmonary bypass. Chest. 1979 May;75(5):549-54. [PubMed:35315 ]
- Coppola L, Giunta R, Verrazzo G, Luongo C, Sammartino A, Vicario C, Giugliano D: Influence of ozone on haemoglobin oxygen affinity in type-2 diabetic patients with peripheral vascular disease: in vitro studies. Diabete Metab. 1995 Oct;21(4):252-5. [PubMed:8529759 ]
- Nakano T, Fujioka H, Tamura S, Amuro Y, Nabeshima K, Hada T, Higashino K: Erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in liver diseases. Am J Gastroenterol. 1987 Dec;82(12):1283-6. [PubMed:2825516 ]
- diBella G, Scandariato G, Suriano O, Rizzo A: Oxygen affinity and Bohr effect responses to 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in equine and human blood. Res Vet Sci. 1996 May;60(3):272-5. [PubMed:8735521 ]
- Pas'ko SA, Volosheniuk TG: [Causes, sequelae and possible ways of preventing hypophosphatemia in patients with cerebral ischemia]. Zh Nevropatol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 1990;90(10):25-7. [PubMed:1962992 ]
- Rosenmund A, Binswanger U, Straub PW: Oxidative injury to erythrocytes, cell rigidity, and splenic hemolysis in hemodialyzed uremic patients. Ann Intern Med. 1975 Apr;82(4):460-5. [PubMed:1119763 ]
- Antonowicz J, Andrzejak R, Smolik R: Influence of heavy metal mixtures on erythrocyte metabolism. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1990;62(3):195-8. [PubMed:2347640 ]
- Krasomski G, Zachara B: [2,3-diphosphoglycerate level in the red blood cells, inorganic phosphorus in the blood serum and the acid-base equilibrium indicators in different periods of normal pregnancy]. Ginekol Pol. 1981 Aug;52(8):687-92. [PubMed:7308813 ]
- Wallas CH: Elevated red blood cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate levels in black blood donors. Transfusion. 1978 Jan-Feb;18(1):108-12. [PubMed:625775 ]
- Hirszel P, Maher JF, Tempel GE, Mengel CE: Effect of hemodialysis on factors influencing oxygen transport. J Lab Clin Med. 1975 Jun;85(6):978-86. [PubMed:237054 ]
- Lijnen P, Hespel P, Van Oppens S, Fiocchi R, Goossens W, Vanden Eynde E, Amery A: Erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and serum enzyme concentrations in trained and sedentary men. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1986 Apr;18(2):174-9. [PubMed:3702645 ]
- Yoneda S, Kako T, Kohketsu M, Fujinami T: Changes in blood viscosity following nifedipine administration and its relation to the contents of adenosine triphosphate and 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid in red blood cells in patients with angina pectoris. Arzneimittelforschung. 1989 Apr;39(4):504-6. [PubMed:2751737 ]
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