Record Information |
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Version | 2.0 |
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Created at | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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Updated at | 2021-12-24 16:04:36 UTC |
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NP-MRD ID | NP0001193 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Natural Product Identification |
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Common Name | Cytidine |
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Description | Cytidine is a nucleoside that is composed of the base cytosine linked to the five-carbon sugar D-ribose. Cytidine is a pyrimidine that besides being incorporated into nucleic acids, can serve as a substrate for the salvage pathway of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis. It is a precursor of cytidine triphosphate (CTP) needed in the phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthetic pathways. These variations probably reflect the species differences in cytidine deaminase, the enzyme that converts cytidine to uridine in the body. The transport of cytidine into the brain's extracellular fluid, and then into neurons and glia, are essential prerequisites for cytidine to be utilized in the brain. An efficient mechanism mediating the brain uptake of circulating cytidine has not yet been demonstrated. The biosynthesis of PC, the most abundant phosphatide in the brain, via the Kennedy pathway requires phosphocholine and cytidine triphosphate (CTP), a cytidine nucleotide involved in the rate-limiting step. The enzyme that converts CTP to endogenous CDP-choline (CTP:Phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase) is unsaturated at physiological brain CTP levels. APOBEC is a family of enzymes that has been discovered with the ability to deaminate cytidines on RNA or DNA. The human apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3G protein (APOBEC3G, or hA3G), provides cells with an intracellular antiretroviral activity that is associated with the hypermutation of viral DNA through cytidine deamination. Indeed, hA3G belongs to a family of vertebrate proteins that contains one or two copies of a signature sequence motif unique to cytidine deaminases (CTDAs) (PMID: 16769123 , 15780864 , 16720547 ). |
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Structure | NC1=NC(=O)N(C=C1)[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O InChI=1S/C9H13N3O5/c10-5-1-2-12(9(16)11-5)8-7(15)6(14)4(3-13)17-8/h1-2,4,6-8,13-15H,3H2,(H2,10,11,16)/t4-,6-,7-,8-/m1/s1 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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1-beta-D-Ribofuranosylcytosine | ChEBI | 1beta-D-Ribofuranosylcytosine | ChEBI | 4-AMINO-1-BETA-D-ribofuranosyl-2(1H)-pyrimidinone | ChEBI | 4-Amino-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylpyrimidin-2(1H)-one | ChEBI | 4-Amino-1beta-D-ribofuranosyl-2(1H)-pyrimidinone | ChEBI | Cyd | ChEBI | Cytidin | ChEBI | Cytosine riboside | ChEBI | Cytosine-1beta-D-ribofuranoside | ChEBI | Zytidin | ChEBI | Posilent | Kegg | 1-b-D-Ribofuranosylcytosine | Generator | 1-Β-D-ribofuranosylcytosine | Generator | 1b-D-Ribofuranosylcytosine | Generator | 1Β-D-ribofuranosylcytosine | Generator | 4-AMINO-1-b-D-ribofuranosyl-2(1H)-pyrimidinone | Generator | 4-AMINO-1-β-D-ribofuranosyl-2(1H)-pyrimidinone | Generator | 4-Amino-1-b-D-ribofuranosylpyrimidin-2(1H)-one | Generator | 4-Amino-1-β-D-ribofuranosylpyrimidin-2(1H)-one | Generator | 4-Amino-1b-D-ribofuranosyl-2(1H)-pyrimidinone | Generator | 4-Amino-1β-D-ribofuranosyl-2(1H)-pyrimidinone | Generator | Cytosine-1b-D-ribofuranoside | Generator | Cytosine-1β-D-ribofuranoside | Generator | 1-(b-D-Ribofuranosyl)-2-oxo-4-amino-1,2-dihydro-1,3-diazine | HMDB | 1-(b-delta-Ribofuranosyl)-2-oxo-4-amino-1,2-dihydro-1,3-diazine | HMDB | 1-b-D-Ribosyl-cytosine | HMDB | 1-beta-D-Ribofuranosyl-cytosine | HMDB | 1-beta-delta-Ribofuranosyl-cytosine | HMDB | 1-beta-delta-Ribofuranosylcytosine | HMDB | 1-beta-delta-Ribosyl-cytosine | HMDB | 1beta-delta-Ribofuranosylcytosine | HMDB | 1beta-Ribofuranosylcytosine | HMDB | 4-Amino-1-beta-delta-ribofuranosyl-2(1H)-pyrimidinone | HMDB | Cytosine-1b-delta-ribofuranoside | HMDB | Cytosine-1beta-delta-ribofuranoside | HMDB | Cytosine ribonucleoside | HMDB | Ribonucleoside, cytosine | HMDB | Riboside, cytosine | HMDB | 1-(beta-D-Ribofuranosyl)-2-oxo-4-amino-1,2-dihydro-1,3-diazine | HMDB | 1-(Β-D-ribofuranosyl)-2-oxo-4-amino-1,2-dihydro-1,3-diazine | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C9H13N3O5 |
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Average Mass | 243.2166 Da |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 243.08552 Da |
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IUPAC Name | 4-amino-1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-2-one |
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Traditional Name | cytidine |
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CAS Registry Number | 65-46-3 |
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SMILES | NC1=NC(=O)N(C=C1)[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C9H13N3O5/c10-5-1-2-12(9(16)11-5)8-7(15)6(14)4(3-13)17-8/h1-2,4,6-8,13-15H,3H2,(H2,10,11,16)/t4-,6-,7-,8-/m1/s1 |
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InChI Key | UHDGCWIWMRVCDJ-XVFCMESISA-N |
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Experimental Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, simulated) | Ahselim | | | 2021-12-24 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
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| Not Available | Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Not Available | Species |
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Species of Origin | |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrimidine nucleosides. Pyrimidine nucleosides are compounds comprising a pyrimidine base attached to a ribosyl or deoxyribosyl moiety. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues |
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Class | Pyrimidine nucleosides |
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Sub Class | Not Available |
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Direct Parent | Pyrimidine nucleosides |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Pyrimidine nucleoside
- Glycosyl compound
- N-glycosyl compound
- Pentose monosaccharide
- Aminopyrimidine
- Pyrimidone
- Hydropyrimidine
- Monosaccharide
- Pyrimidine
- Imidolactam
- Tetrahydrofuran
- Heteroaromatic compound
- Secondary alcohol
- Oxacycle
- Azacycle
- Organoheterocyclic compound
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Primary alcohol
- Organic oxide
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Amine
- Alcohol
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Primary amine
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Properties | |
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Predicted Properties | |
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General References | - Mahieux R, Suspene R, Delebecque F, Henry M, Schwartz O, Wain-Hobson S, Vartanian JP: Extensive editing of a small fraction of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 genomes by four APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases. J Gen Virol. 2005 Sep;86(Pt 9):2489-94. [PubMed:16099907 ]
- Schrofelbauer B, Yu Q, Zeitlin SG, Landau NR: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr induces the degradation of the UNG and SMUG uracil-DNA glycosylases. J Virol. 2005 Sep;79(17):10978-87. [PubMed:16103149 ]
- Barbour JD, Grant RM: The role of viral fitness in HIV pathogenesis. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2005 Feb;2(1):29-34. [PubMed:16091246 ]
- Cansev M: Uridine and cytidine in the brain: their transport and utilization. Brain Res Rev. 2006 Sep;52(2):389-97. [PubMed:16769123 ]
- Huthoff H, Malim MH: Cytidine deamination and resistance to retroviral infection: towards a structural understanding of the APOBEC proteins. Virology. 2005 Apr 10;334(2):147-53. [PubMed:15780864 ]
- Navaratnam N, Sarwar R: An overview of cytidine deaminases. Int J Hematol. 2006 Apr;83(3):195-200. [PubMed:16720547 ]
- Reina J: [Plitidepsin, an inhibitor of the cell elongation factor eEF1a, and molnupiravir an analogue of the ribonucleoside cytidine, two new chemical compounds with intense activity against SARS-CoV-2]. Rev Esp Quimioter. 2021 Oct;34(5):402-407. doi: 10.37201/req/042.2021. Epub 2021 Apr 27. [PubMed:33902254 ]
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