Record Information |
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Version | 1.0 |
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Created at | 2007-05-23 11:20:02 UTC |
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Updated at | 2021-08-19 23:58:51 UTC |
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NP-MRD ID | NP0001151 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Natural Product Identification |
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Common Name | D-Aspartic acid |
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Description | D-Aspartic acid is the D-isomer of aspartic acid. Since its discovery in invertebrates, free D-aspartate (D-Asp) has been identified in a variety of organisms, including microorganisms, plants, and lower animals, mammals and humans. D-Asp in mammalian tissues is present in specific cells, indicating the existence of specific molecular components that regulate D-Asp levels and localization in tissues. In the rat adrenal medulla, D-Asp is closely associated with adrenaline-cells (A-cells), which account for approximately 80% of the total number of chromaffin cells in the tissue, and which make and store adrenaline. D-Asp appears to be absent from noradrenaline-cells (NA-cells), which comprise approximately 20% of the total number of chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla, and which make and store noradrenaline. D-aspartate oxidase (EC 1.4.3.1, D-AspO), which catalyzes oxidative deamination of D-Asp, appears to be present only in NA-cells, suggesting that the lack of D-Asp in these cells is due to D-Asp oxidase-mediated metabolism of D-Asp. In the rat adrenal cortex, the distribution of D-Asp changes during development. It has been suggested that developmental changes in the localization of D-Asp reflects the participation of D-Asp in the development and maturation of steroidogenesis in rat adrenal cortical cells. D-Asp is involved in steroid hormone synthesis and secretion in mammals as well. D-Asp is synthesized intracellularly, most likely by Asp racemase (EC 5.1.1.13). Endogenous D-Asp apparently has two different intracellular localization patterns: Cytoplasmic and vesicular. D-Asp release can occur through three distinct pathways: 1) Spontaneous, continuous release of cytoplasmic D-Asp, which is not associated with a specific stimulus; 2) release of cytoplasmic D-Asp via a volume-sensitive organic anion channel that connects the cytoplasm and extracellular space; 3) exocytotic discharge of vesicular D-Asp. D-Asp can be released via a mechanism that involves the L-Glu transporter. D-Asp is thus apparently in dynamic flux at the cellular level to carry out its physiological function(s) in mammals (PMID:16755369 ). |
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Structure | InChI=1S/C4H7NO4/c5-2(4(8)9)1-3(6)7/h2H,1,5H2,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)/t2-/m1/s1 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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(R)-2-Aminobutanedioic acid | ChEBI | (R)-2-Aminosuccinic acid | ChEBI | Aspartic acid D-form | ChEBI | D-Asparaginsaeure | ChEBI | DAS | ChEBI | (R)-2-Aminobutanedioate | Generator | (R)-2-Aminosuccinate | Generator | Aspartate D-form | Generator | D-Aspartate | Generator | D Aspartate | HMDB | D Aspartic acid | HMDB | (-)-Aspartic acid | HMDB | (2R)-2-Aminobutanedioate | HMDB | (2R)-2-Aminobutanedioic acid | HMDB | (R)-Aspartic acid | HMDB | 1-Amino-1,2-carboxyethane | HMDB | Aspartic acid | HMDB | D-(-)-Aspartic acid | HMDB | delta-(-)-Aspartic acid | HMDB | delta-Asparaginsaeure | HMDB | delta-Aspartate | HMDB | delta-Aspartic acid | HMDB | Lopac-alpha-9256 | HMDB | Tocris-0213 | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C4H7NO4 |
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Average Mass | 133.1027 Da |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 133.03751 Da |
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IUPAC Name | (2R)-2-aminobutanedioic acid |
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Traditional Name | D-aspartic acid |
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CAS Registry Number | 1783-96-6 |
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SMILES | N[C@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C4H7NO4/c5-2(4(8)9)1-3(6)7/h2H,1,5H2,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)/t2-/m1/s1 |
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InChI Key | CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-UWTATZPHSA-N |
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Experimental Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, simulated) | V.dorna83 | | | 2021-09-05 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental) | V.dorna83 | | | 2021-09-05 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, simulated) | V.dorna83 | | | 2021-09-05 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental) | V.dorna83 | | | 2021-09-05 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, simulated) | V.dorna83 | | | 2021-09-05 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental) | V.dorna83 | | | 2021-09-05 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, simulated) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, simulated) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, simulated) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
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| Not Available | Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor ID | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, simulated) | V.dorna83 | | | 2021-08-15 | View Spectrum |
| Species |
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Species of Origin | |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as aspartic acid and derivatives. Aspartic acid and derivatives are compounds containing an aspartic acid or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of aspartic acid at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Organic acids and derivatives |
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Class | Carboxylic acids and derivatives |
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Sub Class | Amino acids, peptides, and analogues |
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Direct Parent | Aspartic acid and derivatives |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Aspartic acid or derivatives
- Alpha-amino acid
- D-alpha-amino acid
- Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Fatty acid
- Amino acid
- Carboxylic acid
- Organic oxide
- Organopnictogen compound
- Primary amine
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Primary aliphatic amine
- Organic oxygen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Amine
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Aliphatic acyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Properties | |
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Predicted Properties | |
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General References | - Homma H: Biochemistry of D-aspartate in mammalian cells. Amino Acids. 2007 Jan;32(1):3-11. Epub 2006 Jun 7. [PubMed:16755369 ]
- Brunk E, Sahoo S, Zielinski DC, Altunkaya A, Drager A, Mih N, Gatto F, Nilsson A, Preciat Gonzalez GA, Aurich MK, Prlic A, Sastry A, Danielsdottir AD, Heinken A, Noronha A, Rose PW, Burley SK, Fleming RMT, Nielsen J, Thiele I, Palsson BO: Recon3D enables a three-dimensional view of gene variation in human metabolism. Nat Biotechnol. 2018 Mar;36(3):272-281. doi: 10.1038/nbt.4072. Epub 2018 Feb 19. [PubMed:29457794 ]
- Morikawa A, Hamase K, Inoue T, Konno R, Niwa A, Zaitsu K: Determination of free D-aspartic acid, D-serine and D-alanine in the brain of mutant mice lacking D-amino acid oxidase activity. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 2001 Jun 5;757(1):119-25. doi: 10.1016/s0378-4347(01)00131-1. [PubMed:11419736 ]
- D'Aniello A: D-Aspartic acid: an endogenous amino acid with an important neuroendocrine role. Brain Res Rev. 2007 Feb;53(2):215-34. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2006.08.005. Epub 2006 Nov 21. [PubMed:17118457 ]
- Casado FJ, Sanchez AH, Rejano L, Montano A: D-amino acid formation in sterilized alkali-treated olives. J Agric Food Chem. 2007 May 2;55(9):3503-7. doi: 10.1021/jf0701685. Epub 2007 Apr 4. [PubMed:17407322 ]
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