Record Information |
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Version | 2.0 |
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Created at | 2007-05-23 11:20:02 UTC |
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Updated at | 2021-08-19 23:58:51 UTC |
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NP-MRD ID | NP0001151 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Natural Product Identification |
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Common Name | D-Aspartic acid |
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Description | D-Aspartic acid is the D-isomer of aspartic acid. Since its discovery in invertebrates, free D-aspartate (D-Asp) has been identified in a variety of organisms, including microorganisms, plants, and lower animals, mammals and humans. D-Asp in mammalian tissues is present in specific cells, indicating the existence of specific molecular components that regulate D-Asp levels and localization in tissues. In the rat adrenal medulla, D-Asp is closely associated with adrenaline-cells (A-cells), which account for approximately 80% of the total number of chromaffin cells in the tissue, and which make and store adrenaline. D-Asp appears to be absent from noradrenaline-cells (NA-cells), which comprise approximately 20% of the total number of chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla, and which make and store noradrenaline. D-aspartate oxidase (EC 1.4.3.1, D-AspO), which catalyzes oxidative deamination of D-Asp, appears to be present only in NA-cells, suggesting that the lack of D-Asp in these cells is due to D-Asp oxidase-mediated metabolism of D-Asp. In the rat adrenal cortex, the distribution of D-Asp changes during development. It has been suggested that developmental changes in the localization of D-Asp reflects the participation of D-Asp in the development and maturation of steroidogenesis in rat adrenal cortical cells. D-Asp is involved in steroid hormone synthesis and secretion in mammals as well. D-Asp is synthesized intracellularly, most likely by Asp racemase (EC 5.1.1.13). Endogenous D-Asp apparently has two different intracellular localization patterns: Cytoplasmic and vesicular. D-Asp release can occur through three distinct pathways: 1) Spontaneous, continuous release of cytoplasmic D-Asp, which is not associated with a specific stimulus; 2) release of cytoplasmic D-Asp via a volume-sensitive organic anion channel that connects the cytoplasm and extracellular space; 3) exocytotic discharge of vesicular D-Asp. D-Asp can be released via a mechanism that involves the L-Glu transporter. D-Asp is thus apparently in dynamic flux at the cellular level to carry out its physiological function(s) in mammals (PMID:16755369 ). |
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Structure | InChI=1S/C4H7NO4/c5-2(4(8)9)1-3(6)7/h2H,1,5H2,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)/t2-/m1/s1 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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(R)-2-Aminobutanedioic acid | ChEBI | (R)-2-Aminosuccinic acid | ChEBI | Aspartic acid D-form | ChEBI | D-Asparaginsaeure | ChEBI | DAS | ChEBI | (R)-2-Aminobutanedioate | Generator | (R)-2-Aminosuccinate | Generator | Aspartate D-form | Generator | D-Aspartate | Generator | D Aspartate | HMDB | D Aspartic acid | HMDB | (-)-Aspartic acid | HMDB | (2R)-2-Aminobutanedioate | HMDB | (2R)-2-Aminobutanedioic acid | HMDB | (R)-Aspartic acid | HMDB | 1-Amino-1,2-carboxyethane | HMDB | Aspartic acid | HMDB | D-(-)-Aspartic acid | HMDB | delta-(-)-Aspartic acid | HMDB | delta-Asparaginsaeure | HMDB | delta-Aspartate | HMDB | delta-Aspartic acid | HMDB | Lopac-alpha-9256 | HMDB | Tocris-0213 | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C4H7NO4 |
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Average Mass | 133.1027 Da |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 133.03751 Da |
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IUPAC Name | (2R)-2-aminobutanedioic acid |
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Traditional Name | D-aspartic acid |
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CAS Registry Number | 1783-96-6 |
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SMILES | N[C@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C4H7NO4/c5-2(4(8)9)1-3(6)7/h2H,1,5H2,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)/t2-/m1/s1 |
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InChI Key | CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-UWTATZPHSA-N |
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Experimental Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, simulated) | V.dorna83 | | | 2021-09-05 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, simulated) | V.dorna83 | | | 2021-09-05 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, simulated) | V.dorna83 | | | 2021-09-05 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, simulated) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, simulated) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, simulated) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
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| Not Available | Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, simulated) | v.dorna83@yahoo.com | Not Available | Not Available | 2021-08-15 | View Spectrum |
| Species |
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Species of Origin | |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as aspartic acid and derivatives. Aspartic acid and derivatives are compounds containing an aspartic acid or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of aspartic acid at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Organic acids and derivatives |
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Class | Carboxylic acids and derivatives |
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Sub Class | Amino acids, peptides, and analogues |
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Direct Parent | Aspartic acid and derivatives |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Aspartic acid or derivatives
- Alpha-amino acid
- D-alpha-amino acid
- Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Fatty acid
- Amino acid
- Carboxylic acid
- Organic oxide
- Organopnictogen compound
- Primary amine
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Primary aliphatic amine
- Organic oxygen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Amine
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Aliphatic acyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Properties | |
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Predicted Properties | |
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General References | - Homma H: Biochemistry of D-aspartate in mammalian cells. Amino Acids. 2007 Jan;32(1):3-11. Epub 2006 Jun 7. [PubMed:16755369 ]
- Morikawa A, Hamase K, Inoue T, Konno R, Niwa A, Zaitsu K: Determination of free D-aspartic acid, D-serine and D-alanine in the brain of mutant mice lacking D-amino acid oxidase activity. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 2001 Jun 5;757(1):119-25. doi: 10.1016/s0378-4347(01)00131-1. [PubMed:11419736 ]
- D'Aniello A: D-Aspartic acid: an endogenous amino acid with an important neuroendocrine role. Brain Res Rev. 2007 Feb;53(2):215-34. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2006.08.005. Epub 2006 Nov 21. [PubMed:17118457 ]
- Casado FJ, Sanchez AH, Rejano L, Montano A: D-amino acid formation in sterilized alkali-treated olives. J Agric Food Chem. 2007 May 2;55(9):3503-7. doi: 10.1021/jf0701685. Epub 2007 Apr 4. [PubMed:17407322 ]
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