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Record Information
Version2.0
Created at2006-05-22 14:17:38 UTC
Updated at2024-09-17 15:44:10 UTC
NP-MRD IDNP0001147
Secondary Accession NumbersNone
Natural Product Identification
Common Name11-cis-Retinaldehyde
Description11-Cis-retinal is a retinal having 2E,4Z,6E,8E-double bond geometry. It has a role as a chromophore, a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a diterpene derived from the carotenoid vitamin A which functions as the active component of the visual cycle. It is the prosthetic group of rhodopsin. When stimulated by visible light, rhodopsin transforms this cis-isomer of retinal to the trans-isomer (11-trans-retinal). This transformation straightens-out the bend of the retinal molecule and causes a change in the shape of rhodopsin triggering the visual process. A series of energy-requiring enzyme-catalyzed reactions convert the 11-trans-retinal back to the cis-isomer. 11-Cis-retinal functions in the retina in the transduction of light into the neural signals necessary for vision. 11-Cis-retinal, while attached to opsin in rhodopsin is isomerized to all-trans-retinal by light. This is the event that triggers the nerve impulse to the brain which allows for the perception of light. All-trans-retinal is then released from opsin and reduced to all-trans-retinol. All-trans-retinol is isomerized to 11-cis-retinol in the dark, and then oxidized to 11-cis-retinal. 11-Cis-retinal recombines with opsin to re-form rhodopsin. Night blindness or defective vision at low illumination results from a failure to resynthesize 11-cis retinal rapidly.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
(2E,4Z,6E,8E)-3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenalChEBI
11-cis-RetineneChEBI
11-cis-Vitamin a aldehydeChEBI
11-cis-RetinalHMDB
cis-11-RetinalHMDB
11 cis RetinalHMDB
RetinaldehydeHMDB
RetineneHMDB
RetinalHMDB
Aldehyde, vitamin aHMDB
Vitamin a aldehydeHMDB
AxerophthalHMDB
Chemical FormulaC20H28O
Average Mass284.4357 Da
Monoisotopic Mass284.21402 Da
IUPAC Name(2E,4Z,6E,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenal
Traditional Name11-cis-retinal
CAS Registry Number564-87-4
SMILES
C/C(/C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C)=C\C=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C20H28O/c1-16(8-6-9-17(2)13-15-21)11-12-19-18(3)10-7-14-20(19,4)5/h6,8-9,11-13,15H,7,10,14H2,1-5H3/b9-6-,12-11+,16-8+,17-13+
InChI KeyNCYCYZXNIZJOKI-IOUUIBBYSA-N
Experimental Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionDepositor EmailDepositor OrganizationDepositorDeposition DateView
2D NMR[1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, CDCl3, experimental)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
Predicted Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionDepositor IDDepositor OrganizationDepositorDeposition DateView
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 25 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 252 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 50 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 75 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 101 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 126 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 151 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 176 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 201 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 226 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
Chemical Shift Submissions
Not Available
Species
Species of Origin
Species NameSourceReference
Anas platyrhynchosFooDB
AnatidaeFooDB
Anser anserFooDB
Bison bisonFooDB
Bos taurusFooDB
Bos taurus X Bison bisonFooDB
Bubalus bubalisFooDB
Capra aegagrus hircusFooDB
CervidaeFooDB
Cervus canadensisFooDB
ColumbaFooDB
ColumbidaeFooDB
Dromaius novaehollandiaeFooDB
Equus caballusFooDB
Gallus gallusFooDB
Homo sapiensLOTUS Database
Lagopus mutaFooDB
LeporidaeFooDB
Lepus timidusFooDB
Melanitta fuscaFooDB
Meleagris gallopavoFooDB
Mus musculusLOTUS Database
Numida meleagrisFooDB
OdocoileusFooDB
OryctolagusFooDB
Ovis ariesFooDB
PhasianidaeFooDB
Phasianus colchicusFooDB
Struthio camelusFooDB
Sus scrofaFooDB
Sus scrofa domesticaFooDB
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as retinoids. These are oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassPrenol lipids
Sub ClassRetinoids
Direct ParentRetinoids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Retinoid skeleton
  • Diterpenoid
  • Enal
  • Alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Aldehyde
  • Aliphatic homomonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic homomonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point63.5 - 64.4 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.0042 g/LALOGPS
logP6.62ALOGPS
logP4.86ChemAxon
logS-4.8ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic)-4.1ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area17.07 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count5ChemAxon
Refractivity96.87 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability34.82 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
HMDB IDHMDB0002152
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FoodDB IDFDB022871
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID4444130
KEGG Compound IDC02110
BioCyc IDCPD-881
BiGG ID2265510
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
METLIN ID6513
PubChem Compound5280490
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID16066
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
General References
  1. Futterman S, Saari JC: Occurrence of 11-cis-retinal-binding protein restricted to the retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1977 Aug;16(8):768-71. [PubMed:560359 ]
  2. Edwards RB, Adler AJ: IRBP enhances removal of 11- cis -retinaldehyde from isolated RPE membranes. Exp Eye Res. 2000 Feb;70(2):235-45. doi: 10.1006/exer.1999.0781. [PubMed:10655150 ]
  3. Shaw NS, Noy N: Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein contains three retinoid binding sites. Exp Eye Res. 2001 Feb;72(2):183-90. doi: 10.1006/exer.2000.0945. [PubMed:11161734 ]