Record Information |
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Version | 2.0 |
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Created at | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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Updated at | 2021-08-19 23:58:45 UTC |
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NP-MRD ID | NP0001088 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Natural Product Identification |
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Common Name | Homo-L-arginine |
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Description | Homo-L-arginine, also known as N6-(aminoiminomethyl)-L-lysine or N6-amidino-L-lysine, is a member of the class of compounds known as L-alpha-amino acids. L-alpha-amino acids are alpha amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom. More specifically, Homo-L-arginine is a naturally occurring, non-proteinogenic, cationic amino acid. It is formed in the liver in a reaction catalyzed by L-arginine:Glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT) when transferring the amidino group from arginine to lysine. It is an alternative substrate for nitric oxide (NO) synthase. Homo-L-arginine increases the availability of NO and thereby affects endothelial function. High homoarginine levels may exert positive actions that are relevant to cardiovascular health, including enhanced endothelial function, inhibition of platelet aggregation and stimulation of insulin secretion (PMID: 30866658 ). Recent studies have demonstrated that low serum homoarginine levels are a strong predictor of cardiovascular mortality (PMID: 24583919 ). Homo-L-arginine is a substrate of the human cationic amino acid CAT1 [solute carrier family 7 (SLC7A1)], CAT2A (SLC7A2A) or CAT2B (SLC7A2B) (PMID: 28684763 ). According to published human metabolomic data, Homo-L-arginine can be found primarily in blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and urine, as well as in human intestinal and testes tissues. Moreover, Homo-L-arginine has been found to be associated with liver cirrhosis and the genetic disorder, hyperargininemia. Homoarginine is an organ-specific uncompetitive inhibitor of human liver and bone alkaline phosphohydrolase (PMID: 5063678 ). |
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Structure | N[C@@H](CCCCNC(N)=N)C(O)=O InChI=1S/C7H16N4O2/c8-5(6(12)13)3-1-2-4-11-7(9)10/h5H,1-4,8H2,(H,12,13)(H4,9,10,11)/t5-/m0/s1 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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Homoarginine | ChEBI | L-N(6)-Amidinolysine | ChEBI | N6-(Aminoiminomethyl)-L-lysine | ChEBI | N6-Amidino-L-lysine | ChEBI | N6-Amidino-lysine | ChEBI | L-Homoarginine | Kegg | Homo-L-arginine | ChEBI |
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Chemical Formula | C7H16N4O2 |
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Average Mass | 188.2275 Da |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 188.12733 Da |
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IUPAC Name | (2S)-2-amino-6-carbamimidamidohexanoic acid |
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Traditional Name | L-homoarginine |
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CAS Registry Number | 156-86-5 |
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SMILES | N[C@@H](CCCCNC(N)=N)C(O)=O |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C7H16N4O2/c8-5(6(12)13)3-1-2-4-11-7(9)10/h5H,1-4,8H2,(H,12,13)(H4,9,10,11)/t5-/m0/s1 |
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InChI Key | QUOGESRFPZDMMT-YFKPBYRVSA-N |
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Experimental Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
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| Not Available | Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Not Available | Species |
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Species of Origin | |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as l-alpha-amino acids. These are alpha amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Organic acids and derivatives |
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Class | Carboxylic acids and derivatives |
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Sub Class | Amino acids, peptides, and analogues |
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Direct Parent | L-alpha-amino acids |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - L-alpha-amino acid
- Medium-chain fatty acid
- Amino fatty acid
- Fatty acid
- Fatty acyl
- Guanidine
- Amino acid
- Carboximidamide
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Carboxylic acid
- Organic oxide
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Primary amine
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Primary aliphatic amine
- Imine
- Carbonyl group
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Amine
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Aliphatic acyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | 213 - 215 °C | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | 363900 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) | The Good Scents Company Information System | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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Predicted Properties | |
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General References | - Mizutani N, Hayakawa C, Ohya Y, Watanabe K, Watanabe Y, Mori A: Guanidino compounds in hyperargininemia. Tohoku J Exp Med. 1987 Nov;153(3):197-205. [PubMed:3433275 ]
- Mori A, Watanabe Y, Fujimoto N: Fluorometrical analysis of guanidino compounds in human cerebrospinal fluid. J Neurochem. 1982 Feb;38(2):448-50. [PubMed:7108550 ]
- Tamura Y, Fujii S: Purification of human plasma kallikrein and urokinase by affinity chromatography. J Biochem. 1976 Sep;80(3):507-11. [PubMed:824284 ]
- Lin CW, Fishman WH: L-Homoarginine. An organ-specific, uncompetitive inhibitor of human liver and bone alkaline phosphohydrolases. J Biol Chem. 1972 May 25;247(10):3082-7. [PubMed:5063678 ]
- Marescau B, Qureshi IA, De Deyn P, Letarte J, Ryba R, Lowenthal A: Guanidino compounds in plasma, urine and cerebrospinal fluid of hyperargininemic patients during therapy. Clin Chim Acta. 1985 Feb 28;146(1):21-7. [PubMed:3987036 ]
- Brock DJ: Amniotic fluid alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in early prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. Lancet. 1983 Oct 22;2(8356):941-3. [PubMed:6138505 ]
- Crofton PM, Smith AF: Alkaline phosphatase of high and low molecular mass in human serum and bile: a comparative study of kinetic properties. Clin Chem. 1980 Mar;26(3):451-6. [PubMed:7363466 ]
- el-Mokhefi Z, Duvivier J, Plomteux G, Gielen J: [Biochemical characterization of a high-molecular weight alkaline phosphatase in a patient with cholangiocarcinoma (alpha-1 alkaline phosphatase)]. Ann Biol Clin (Paris). 1985;43(3):215-20. [PubMed:2411171 ]
- Muller F, Berg S, Frot JC, Boue J, Boue A: Prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. I. Prospective study of 51 pregnancies. Prenat Diagn. 1985 Mar-Apr;5(2):97-108. [PubMed:2581242 ]
- Chang CH, Angellis D, Fishman WH: Presence of the rare D-variant heat-stable, placental-type alkaline phosphatase in normal human testis. Cancer Res. 1980 May;40(5):1506-10. [PubMed:6154531 ]
- Gatti R, Gioia MG: Anisoin: a useful pre-chromatographic derivatization fluorogenic reagent for LC analysis of guanidino compounds. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2006 Sep 11;42(1):11-6. Epub 2006 Feb 3. [PubMed:16460903 ]
- Marescau B, De Deyn PP, Lowenthal A, Qureshi IA, Antonozzi I, Bachmann C, Cederbaum SD, Cerone R, Chamoles N, Colombo JP, et al.: Guanidino compound analysis as a complementary diagnostic parameter for hyperargininemia: follow-up of guanidino compound levels during therapy. Pediatr Res. 1990 Mar;27(3):297-303. [PubMed:1690873 ]
- Suzuki K, Yoshimura Y, Hisada Y, Matsumoto A: Sensitivity of intestinal alkaline phosphatase to L-homoarginine and its regulation by subunit-subunit interaction. Jpn J Pharmacol. 1994 Feb;64(2):97-102. [PubMed:7518015 ]
- Karetnikova ES, Jarzebska N, Markov AG, Weiss N, Lentz SR, Rodionov RN: Is Homoarginine a Protective Cardiovascular Risk Factor? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2019 May;39(5):869-875. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.118.312218. [PubMed:30866658 ]
- Sobczak A, Prokopowicz A, Radek M, Szula M, Zaciera M, Kurek J, Goniewicz ML: Tobacco smoking decreases plasma concentration of the emerging cardiovascular risk marker, L-homoarginine. Circ J. 2014;78(5):1254-8. doi: 10.1253/circj.cj-13-1334. Epub 2014 Feb 28. [PubMed:24583919 ]
- Chafai A, Fromm MF, Konig J, Maas R: The prognostic biomarker L-homoarginine is a substrate of the cationic amino acid transporters CAT1, CAT2A and CAT2B. Sci Rep. 2017 Jul 6;7(1):4767. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-04965-2. [PubMed:28684763 ]
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