Record Information |
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Version | 2.0 |
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Created at | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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Updated at | 2021-08-19 23:58:45 UTC |
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NP-MRD ID | NP0001083 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Natural Product Identification |
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Common Name | Phenylpyruvic acid |
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Description | Phenylpyruvic acid is a keto-acid that is an intermediate or catabolic byproduct of phenylalanine metabolism. It has a slight honey-like odor. Levels of phenylpyruvate are normally very low in blood or urine. High levels of phenylpyruvic acid can be found in the urine of individuals with phenylketonuria (PKU), an inborn error of metabolism. PKU is due to lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH), so that phenylalanine is converted not to tyrosine but to phenylpyruvic acid. In particular, excessive phenylalanine can be metabolized into phenylketones through, a transaminase pathway route involving glutamate. Metabolites of this transamination reaction include phenylacetate, phenylpyruvate and phenethylamine. In persons with PKU, dietary phenylalanine either accumulates in the body or some of it is converted to phenylpyruvic acid. Individuals with PKU tend to excrete large quantities of phenylpyruvate, phenylacetate and phenyllactate, along with phenylalanine, in their urine. If untreated, mental retardation effects and microcephaly are evident by the first year along with other symptoms which include: Unusual irritability, epileptic seizures and skin lesions. Hyperactivity, EEG abnormalities and seizures, and severe learning disabilities are major clinical problems later in life. A "musty or mousy" odor of skin, hair, sweat and urine (due to phenylacetate accumulation); and a tendency to hypopigmentation and eczema are also observed. The neural-development effects of PKU are primarily due to the disruption of neurotransmitter synthesis. In particular, phenylalanine is a large, neutral amino acid which moves across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) via the large neutral amino acid transporter (LNAAT). Excessive phenylalanine in the blood saturates the transporter. Thus, excessive levels of phenylalanine significantly decrease the levels of other LNAAs in the brain. But since these amino acids are required for protein and neurotransmitter synthesis, phenylalanine accumulation disrupts brain development, leading to mental retardation. |
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Structure | InChI=1S/C9H8O3/c10-8(9(11)12)6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5H,6H2,(H,11,12) |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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3-Phenyl-2-oxopropanoate | ChEBI | 3-Phenyl-2-oxopropanoic acid | ChEBI | 3-PHENYLPYRUVIC ACID | ChEBI | alpha-Ketohydrocinnamic acid | ChEBI | alpha-oxo-Benzenepropanoic acid | ChEBI | beta-Phenylpyruvic acid | ChEBI | Keto-phenylpyruvate | ChEBI | Phenylbrenztraubensaeure | ChEBI | Phenylpyruvate | ChEBI | 2-oxo-3-Phenylpropanoate | Kegg | 3-PHENYLPYRUVate | Generator | a-Ketohydrocinnamate | Generator | a-Ketohydrocinnamic acid | Generator | alpha-Ketohydrocinnamate | Generator | Α-ketohydrocinnamate | Generator | Α-ketohydrocinnamic acid | Generator | a-oxo-Benzenepropanoate | Generator | a-oxo-Benzenepropanoic acid | Generator | alpha-oxo-Benzenepropanoate | Generator | Α-oxo-benzenepropanoate | Generator | Α-oxo-benzenepropanoic acid | Generator | b-Phenylpyruvate | Generator | b-Phenylpyruvic acid | Generator | beta-Phenylpyruvate | Generator | Β-phenylpyruvate | Generator | Β-phenylpyruvic acid | Generator | Keto-phenylpyruvic acid | Generator | 2-oxo-3-Phenylpropanoic acid | Generator | a-Hydroxycinnamic acid | HMDB | FEMA 3892 | HMDB | 2-oxo-3-Phenylpropionic acid | HMDB | 3-Phenyl-2-oxopropionic acid | HMDB | alpha-Oxobenzenepropanoic acid | HMDB | alpha-Oxobenzenepropionic acid | HMDB | Α-oxobenzenepropanoic acid | HMDB | Α-oxobenzenepropionic acid | HMDB | Phenylpyruvic acid | ChEBI |
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Chemical Formula | C9H8O3 |
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Average Mass | 164.1580 Da |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 164.04734 Da |
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IUPAC Name | 2-oxo-3-phenylpropanoic acid |
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Traditional Name | phenylpyruvic acid |
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CAS Registry Number | 156-06-9 |
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SMILES | OC(=O)C(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C9H8O3/c10-8(9(11)12)6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5H,6H2,(H,11,12) |
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InChI Key | BTNMPGBKDVTSJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Experimental Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, Methanol, simulated) | Varshavi.d26 | | | 2021-08-22 | View Spectrum | 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, CD3OD, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
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| Not Available | Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, Methanol, simulated) | varshavi.d26@gmail.com | Not Available | Not Available | 2021-08-17 | View Spectrum |
| Species |
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Species of Origin | |
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Species Where Detected | |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylpyruvic acid derivatives. Phenylpyruvic acid derivatives are compounds containing a phenylpyruvic acid moiety, which consists of a phenyl group substituted at the second position by an pyruvic acid. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Benzenoids |
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Class | Benzene and substituted derivatives |
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Sub Class | Phenylpyruvic acid derivatives |
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Direct Parent | Phenylpyruvic acid derivatives |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Phenylpyruvate
- 3-phenylpropanoic-acid
- Keto acid
- Alpha-keto acid
- Alpha-hydroxy ketone
- Ketone
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Carboxylic acid
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organic oxide
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organooxygen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Properties | |
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Predicted Properties | |
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General References | - Lasala JM, Coscia CJ: Accumulation of a tetrahydroisoquinoline in phenylketonuria. Science. 1979 Jan 19;203(4377):283-4. [PubMed:153583 ]
- Cassidei L, Dell'atti A, Sciacovelli O: Improvement of the FeCl3 test for phenylpyruvic acid. Clin Chim Acta. 1978 Dec 1;90(2):121-7. [PubMed:719897 ]
- Michals K, Matalon R: Phenylalanine metabolites, attention span and hyperactivity. Am J Clin Nutr. 1985 Aug;42(2):361-5. [PubMed:4025205 ]
- Nakahara T, Ishida J, Yamaguchi M, Nakamura M: Determination of alpha-keto acids including phenylpyruvic acid in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with chemiluminescence detection. Anal Biochem. 1990 Nov 1;190(2):309-13. [PubMed:2291475 ]
- (). Yannai, Shmuel. (2004) Dictionary of food compounds with CD-ROM: Additives, flavors, and ingredients. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC.. .
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