Record Information |
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Version | 2.0 |
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Created at | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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Updated at | 2022-02-10 01:53:29 UTC |
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NP-MRD ID | NP0001074 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Natural Product Identification |
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Common Name | 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid |
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Description | 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, also known as p-hydroxybenzoate or 4-carboxyphenol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives. Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives are compounds containing a hydroxybenzoic acid (or a derivative), which is a benzene ring bearing a carboxyl and a hydroxyl groups. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid is a white crystalline solid that is slightly soluble in water and chloroform but more soluble in polar organic solvents such as alcohols and acetone. It is a nutty and phenolic tasting compound. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid can be found naturally in coconut. It is one of the main catechins metabolites found in humans after consumption of green tea infusions. It is also found in wine, in vanilla, in Açaí oil, obtained from the fruit of the açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea), at relatively high concetrations (892±52 mg/kg). It is also found in cloudy olive oil and in the edible mushroom Russula virescens. It has been detected in red huckleberries, rabbiteye blueberries, and corianders and in a lower concentration in olives, red raspberries, and almonds. In humans, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid is involved in ubiquinone biosynthesis. In particular, the enzyme 4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase uses a polyprenyl diphosphate and 4-hydroxybenzoate to produce diphosphate and 4-hydroxy-3-polyprenylbenzoate. This enzyme participates in ubiquinone biosynthesis. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid can be biosynthesized by the enzyme Chorismate lyase. Chorismate lyase is an enzyme that transforms chorismate into 4-hydroxybenzoate and pyruvate. This enzyme catalyses the first step in ubiquinone biosynthesis in Escherichia coli and other Gram-negative bacteria. 4-Hydroxybenzoate is an intermediate in many enzyme-mediated reactions in microbes. For instance, the enzyme 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase uses 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, NAD+ and H2O to produce 4-hydroxybenzoate, NADH and H+. This enzyme participates in toluene and xylene degradation in bacteria such as Pseudomonas mendocina. 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase is also found in carrots. The enzyme 4-hydroxybenzoate 1-hydroxylase transforms 4-hydroxybenzoate, NAD(P)H, 2 H+ and O2 into hydroquinone, NAD(P)+, H2O and CO2. This enzyme participates in 2,4-dichlorobenzoate degradation and is found in Candida parapsilosis. The enzyme 4-hydroxybenzoate 3-monooxygenase transforms 4-hydroxybenzoate, NADPH, H+ and O2 into protocatechuate, NADP+ and H2O. This enzyme participates in benzoate degradation via hydroxylation and 2,4-dichlorobenzoate degradation and is found in Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas fluorescens. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid is a popular antioxidant in part because of its low toxicity. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid has estrogenic activity both in vitro and in vivo (PMID 9417843 ). |
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Structure | InChI=1S/C7H6O3/c8-6-3-1-5(2-4-6)7(9)10/h1-4,8H,(H,9,10) |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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4-Carboxyphenol | ChEBI | p-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID | ChEBI | p-Salicylic acid | ChEBI | Hydroxybenzoic acid | Kegg | Hydroxybenzenecarboxylic acid | Kegg | p-HYDROXYBENZOate | Generator | p-Salicylate | Generator | Hydroxybenzoate | Generator | Hydroxybenzenecarboxylate | Generator | 4-Hydroxybenzoate | Generator | 4-Hydroxy-benzoate | HMDB | 4-Hydroxy-benzoesaeure | HMDB | 4-Hydroxy-benzoic acid | HMDB | p-Carboxyphenol | HMDB | p-Hydroxy-benzoate | HMDB | p-Hydroxy-benzoic acid | HMDB | Paraben-acid | HMDB | 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, calcium salt | HMDB | 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, dilithium salt | HMDB | 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, disodium salt | HMDB | Para-hydroxybenzoic acid | HMDB | Sodium p-hydroxybenzoate tetrahydrate | HMDB | 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, copper(2+)(1:1) salt | HMDB | 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, dipotassium salt | HMDB | 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, monopotassium salt | HMDB | 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, monosodium salt | HMDB | 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, monosodium salt, 11C-labeled | HMDB | 4-Hydroxybenzene carboxylic acid | HMDB | p-Hydroxyl benzoic acid | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C7H6O3 |
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Average Mass | 138.1220 Da |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 138.03169 Da |
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IUPAC Name | 4-hydroxybenzoic acid |
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Traditional Name | P-hydroxybenzoic acid |
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CAS Registry Number | 99-96-7 |
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SMILES | OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C7H6O3/c8-6-3-1-5(2-4-6)7(9)10/h1-4,8H,(H,9,10) |
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InChI Key | FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Experimental Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, simulated) | Ahselim | | | 2022-02-10 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor ID | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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| Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Not Available | Species |
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Species of Origin | |
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Species Where Detected | |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives. Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives are compounds containing a hydroxybenzoic acid (or a derivative), which is a benzene ring bearing a carboxyl and a hydroxyl groups. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Benzenoids |
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Class | Benzene and substituted derivatives |
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Sub Class | Benzoic acids and derivatives |
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Direct Parent | Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Hydroxybenzoic acid
- Benzoic acid
- Benzoyl
- 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
- Phenol
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Carboxylic acid
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organic oxide
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organooxygen compound
- Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Properties | |
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Predicted Properties | |
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General References | - Soni MG, Taylor SL, Greenberg NA, Burdock GA: Evaluation of the health aspects of methyl paraben: a review of the published literature. Food Chem Toxicol. 2002 Oct;40(10):1335-73. [PubMed:12387298 ]
- Wiebe LI, Mercer JR, Ryan AJ: Urinary metabolites of 3,5-di-(1-[13C]methyl-1-methylethyl)4-hydroxytoluene (BHT-13C) in man. Drug Metab Dispos. 1978 May-Jun;6(3):296-302. [PubMed:26551 ]
- Sakurai M, Ohsako M, Nagano M, Nakamura C, Tsuzuki O, Ichikawa M, Matsumoto Y: [Effect of human serum albumin on transport of drugs through human erythrocyte membranes]. Yakugaku Zasshi. 1996 Aug;116(8):630-8. [PubMed:8831264 ]
- Soni MG, Burdock GA, Taylor SL, Greenberg NA: Safety assessment of propyl paraben: a review of the published literature. Food Chem Toxicol. 2001 Jun;39(6):513-32. [PubMed:11346481 ]
- Lemini C, Silva G, Timossi C, Luque D, Valverde A, Gonzalez-Martinez M, Hernandez A, Rubio-Poo C, Chavez Lara B, Valenzuela F: Estrogenic effects of p-hydroxybenzoic acid in CD1 mice. Environ Res. 1997 Nov;75(2):130-4. doi: 10.1006/enrs.1997.3782. [PubMed:9417843 ]
- Elsbaey M, Ibrahim MAA, Bar FA, Elgazar AA: Chemical constituents from coconut waste and their in silico evaluation as potential antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2. S Afr J Bot. 2021 Sep;141:278-289. doi: 10.1016/j.sajb.2021.05.018. Epub 2021 May 28. [PubMed:34092840 ]
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