Record Information |
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Version | 1.0 |
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Created at | 2006-05-22 15:12:49 UTC |
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Updated at | 2024-09-03 04:19:10 UTC |
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NP-MRD ID | NP0001038 |
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Natural Product DOI | https://doi.org/10.57994/1655 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Natural Product Identification |
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Common Name | Phloretin |
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Description | Phloretin is the aglucone of phlorizin, a plant-derived dihydrochalcone phytochemical reported to promote potent antioxidative activities in peroxynitrite scavenging and the inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Phloretin, which is present in apples, pears and tomatoes, has been found to inhibit the growth of several cancer cells and induce apoptosis of B16 melanoma and HL60 human leukemia cells. Phloretin also inhibits HT-29 cell growth by inducing apoptosis, which may be mediated through changes in mitochondrial membrane permeability and activation of the caspase pathways. Phloretin is a well-known inhibitor of eukaryotic urea transporters, blocks VacA-mediated urea and ion transport (PMID: 18158826 , 11560962 , 18063724 , 15671209 , 12083758 ). Phloretin is a biomarker for the consumption of apples. Phloretin has been found to be a metabolite of Escherichia (PMID: 23542617 ). |
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Structure | OC1=CC=C(CCC(=O)C2=C(O)C=C(O)C=C2O)C=C1 InChI=1S/C15H14O5/c16-10-4-1-9(2-5-10)3-6-12(18)15-13(19)7-11(17)8-14(15)20/h1-2,4-5,7-8,16-17,19-20H,3,6H2 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-propanone | ChEBI | 2,6-Dihydroxy-4-methoxyacetophenone | HMDB | 4-O-Methylphloracetophenone | HMDB | Dihydronaringenin | HMDB | Phloretol | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C15H14O5 |
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Average Mass | 274.2687 Da |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 274.08412 Da |
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IUPAC Name | 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one |
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Traditional Name | phloretin |
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CAS Registry Number | 60-82-2 |
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SMILES | OC1=CC=C(CCC(=O)C2=C(O)C=C(O)C=C2O)C=C1 |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C15H14O5/c16-10-4-1-9(2-5-10)3-6-12(18)15-13(19)7-11(17)8-14(15)20/h1-2,4-5,7-8,16-17,19-20H,3,6H2 |
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InChI Key | VGEREEWJJVICBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Experimental Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | [1H, ] NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, CD3OD, experimental) | bgnzk@missouri.edu | MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia. MO, USA | Dr. Bharat Goel | 2024-01-23 | View Spectrum | HSQC NMR | [1H, 13C] NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, CD3OD, experimental) | bgnzk@missouri.edu | MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia. MO, USA | Dr. Bharat Goel | 2024-01-23 | View Spectrum | HMBC NMR | [1H, 13C] NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, CD3OD, experimental) | bgnzk@missouri.edu | MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia. MO, USA | Dr. Bharat Goel | 2024-01-23 | View Spectrum | COSY NMR | [1H, 1H] NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, CD3OD, experimental) | bgnzk@missouri.edu | MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia. MO, USA | Dr. Bharat Goel | 2024-01-23 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | [13C, ] NMR Spectrum (2D, 201 MHz, CD3OD, experimental) | bgnzk@missouri.edu | MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia. MO, USA | Dr. Bharat Goel | 2024-01-23 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, CD3OD, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, CD3OD, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
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| Not Available | Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Not Available | Species |
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Species of Origin | |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 2'-hydroxy-dihydrochalcones. These are organic compounds containing dihydrochalcone skeleton that carries a hydroxyl group at the 2'-position. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Phenylpropanoids and polyketides |
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Class | Linear 1,3-diarylpropanoids |
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Sub Class | Chalcones and dihydrochalcones |
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Direct Parent | 2'-Hydroxy-dihydrochalcones |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - 2'-hydroxy-dihydrochalcone
- Cinnamylphenol
- Alkyl-phenylketone
- Acylphloroglucinol derivative
- Butyrophenone
- Benzenetriol
- Phloroglucinol derivative
- Phenylketone
- Aryl alkyl ketone
- Aryl ketone
- Benzoyl
- Phenol
- 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
- 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid
- Benzenoid
- Monocyclic benzene moiety
- Vinylogous acid
- Ketone
- Polyol
- Organic oxide
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organooxygen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Properties | |
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Predicted Properties | |
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General References | - Sharif NA, Crider JY, Davis TL: AL-3138 antagonizes FP prostanoid receptor-mediated inositol phosphates generation: comparison with some purported FP antagonists. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2000 Dec;52(12):1529-39. [PubMed:11197083 ]
- DuPont MS, Bennett RN, Mellon FA, Williamson G: Polyphenols from alcoholic apple cider are absorbed, metabolized and excreted by humans. J Nutr. 2002 Feb;132(2):172-5. [PubMed:11823574 ]
- Ito H, Gonthier MP, Manach C, Morand C, Mennen L, Remesy C, Scalbert A: Polyphenol levels in human urine after intake of six different polyphenol-rich beverages. Br J Nutr. 2005 Oct;94(4):500-9. [PubMed:16197573 ]
- Nielsen SE, Freese R, Kleemola P, Mutanen M: Flavonoids in human urine as biomarkers for intake of fruits and vegetables. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2002 May;11(5):459-66. [PubMed:12010860 ]
- Fan HT, Morishima S, Kida H, Okada Y: Phloretin differentially inhibits volume-sensitive and cyclic AMP-activated, but not Ca-activated, Cl(-) channels. Br J Pharmacol. 2001 Aug;133(7):1096-106. [PubMed:11487521 ]
- Stangl V, Lorenz M, Ludwig A, Grimbo N, Guether C, Sanad W, Ziemer S, Martus P, Baumann G, Stangl K: The flavonoid phloretin suppresses stimulated expression of endothelial adhesion molecules and reduces activation of human platelets. J Nutr. 2005 Feb;135(2):172-8. [PubMed:15671209 ]
- Rasmussen SE, Breinholt VM: Non-nutritive bioactive food constituents of plants: bioavailability of flavonoids. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2003 Mar;73(2):101-11. [PubMed:12747217 ]
- Zerbini G, Podesta F, Meregalli G, Deferrari G, Pontremoli R: Fibroblast Na+-Li+ countertransport rate is elevated in essential hypertension. J Hypertens. 2001 Jul;19(7):1263-9. [PubMed:11446716 ]
- Park SY, Kim EJ, Shin HK, Kwon DY, Kim MS, Surh YJ, Park JH: Induction of apoptosis in HT-29 colon cancer cells by phloretin. J Med Food. 2007 Dec;10(4):581-6. [PubMed:18158826 ]
- Tombola F, Morbiato L, Del Giudice G, Rappuoli R, Zoratti M, Papini E: The Helicobacter pylori VacA toxin is a urea permease that promotes urea diffusion across epithelia. J Clin Invest. 2001 Sep;108(6):929-37. [PubMed:11560962 ]
- Pajor AM, Randolph KM, Kerner SA, Smith CD: Inhibitor binding in the human renal low- and high-affinity Na+/glucose cotransporters. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2008 Mar;324(3):985-91. Epub 2007 Dec 6. [PubMed:18063724 ]
- Rezk BM, Haenen GR, van der Vijgh WJ, Bast A: The antioxidant activity of phloretin: the disclosure of a new antioxidant pharmacophore in flavonoids. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002 Jul 5;295(1):9-13. [PubMed:12083758 ]
- Pandey RP, Li TF, Kim EH, Yamaguchi T, Park YI, Kim JS, Sohng JK: Enzymatic synthesis of novel phloretin glucosides. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2013 Jun;79(11):3516-21. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00409-13. Epub 2013 Mar 29. [PubMed:23542617 ]
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