Record Information |
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Version | 2.0 |
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Created at | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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Updated at | 2022-02-06 02:44:43 UTC |
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NP-MRD ID | NP0000944 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Natural Product Identification |
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Common Name | Pyruvic acid |
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Description | Pyruvic acid or pyruvate is a simple alpha-keto acid. It is a three-carbon molecule containing a carboxylic acid group and a ketone functional group. Pyruvate is the simplest alpha-keto acid and according to official nomenclature by IUPAC, it is called alpha-keto propanoic acid. Like other keto acids, pyruvic acid can tautomerize from its ketone form to its enol form, containing a double bond and an alcohol. Pyruvate is found in all living organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. It is intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Pyruvate is a key intermediate in several metabolic pathways throughout the cell. In particular, pyruvic acid can be made from glucose through glycolysis, converted back to carbohydrates (such as glucose) via gluconeogenesis, or to fatty acids through a reaction with acetyl-CoA. Pyruvic acid supplies energy to cells through the citric acid cycle (TCA or Krebs cycle) when oxygen is present (aerobic respiration), and alternatively ferments to produce lactate when oxygen is lacking (lactic acid). In glycolysis, phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) is converted to pyruvate by pyruvate kinase. This reaction is strongly exergonic and irreversible. In gluconeogenesis, it takes two enzymes, pyruvate carboxylase and PEP carboxykinase, to catalyze the reverse transformation of pyruvate to PEP. Pyruvic acid is also a metabolite of Corynebacterium (PMID: 27872963 ). |
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Structure | InChI=1S/C3H4O3/c1-2(4)3(5)6/h1H3,(H,5,6) |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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2-Ketopropionic acid | ChEBI | 2-Oxopropanoic acid | ChEBI | 2-Oxopropansaeure | ChEBI | 2-Oxopropionsaeure | ChEBI | Acetylformic acid | ChEBI | Acide pyruvique | ChEBI | alpha-Ketopropionic acid | ChEBI | alpha-Oxopropionsaeure | ChEBI | Brenztraubensaeure | ChEBI | BTS | ChEBI | CH3COCOOH | ChEBI | Pyroracemic acid | ChEBI | 2-Oxopropanoate | Kegg | 2-Ketopropionate | Generator | Acetylformate | Generator | a-Ketopropionate | Generator | a-Ketopropionic acid | Generator | alpha-Ketopropionate | Generator | Α-ketopropionate | Generator | Α-ketopropionic acid | Generator | a-Oxopropionsaeure | Generator | Α-oxopropionsaeure | Generator | Pyroracemate | Generator | Pyruvate | Generator | 2-Oxopropionate | HMDB | 2-Oxopropionic acid | HMDB | Acid, pyruvic | HMDB | alpha-Ketopropanoic acid | HMDB | Α-ketopropanoic acid | HMDB | Pyruvic acid | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C3H4O3 |
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Average Mass | 88.0621 Da |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 88.01604 Da |
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IUPAC Name | 2-oxopropanoic acid |
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Traditional Name | pyruvic acid |
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CAS Registry Number | 127-17-3 |
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SMILES | CC(=O)C(O)=O |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C3H4O3/c1-2(4)3(5)6/h1H3,(H,5,6) |
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InChI Key | LCTONWCANYUPML-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Experimental Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, simulated) | Ahselim | | | 2022-02-06 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
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| Not Available | Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H2O, simulated) | varshavi.d26@gmail.com | Not Available | Not Available | 2021-07-25 | View Spectrum |
| Species |
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Species of Origin | |
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Species Where Detected | |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha-keto acids and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing an aldehyde substituted with a keto group on the adjacent carbon. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Organic acids and derivatives |
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Class | Keto acids and derivatives |
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Sub Class | Alpha-keto acids and derivatives |
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Direct Parent | Alpha-keto acids and derivatives |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Alpha-keto acid
- Alpha-hydroxy ketone
- Ketone
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Carboxylic acid
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organic oxide
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organooxygen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Aliphatic acyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Liquid |
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Experimental Properties | |
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Predicted Properties | |
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General References | - Tsuchiya H, Hashizume I, Tokunaga T, Tatsumi M, Takagi N, Hayashi T: High-performance liquid chromatography of alpha-keto acids in human saliva. Arch Oral Biol. 1983;28(11):989-92. [PubMed:6581765 ]
- Subramanian A, Gupta A, Saxena S, Gupta A, Kumar R, Nigam A, Kumar R, Mandal SK, Roy R: Proton MR CSF analysis and a new software as predictors for the differentiation of meningitis in children. NMR Biomed. 2005 Jun;18(4):213-25. [PubMed:15627241 ]
- Foster KJ, Alberti KG, Hinks L, Lloyd B, Postle A, Smythe P, Turnell DC, Walton R: Blood intermediary metabolite and insulin concentrations after an overnight fast: reference ranges for adults, and interrelations. Clin Chem. 1978 Sep;24(9):1568-72. [PubMed:688619 ]
- Nielsen J, Ytrebo LM, Borud O: Lactate and pyruvate concentrations in capillary blood from newborns. Acta Paediatr. 1994 Sep;83(9):920-2. [PubMed:7819686 ]
- Ka T, Yamamoto T, Moriwaki Y, Kaya M, Tsujita J, Takahashi S, Tsutsumi Z, Fukuchi M, Hada T: Effect of exercise and beer on the plasma concentration and urinary excretion of purine bases. J Rheumatol. 2003 May;30(5):1036-42. [PubMed:12734903 ]
- Talseth T, Haegele KD, McNay JL, Skrdlant HB, Clementi WA, Shepherd AM: Pharmacokinetics and cardiovascular effects in rabbits of a major hydralazine metabolite, the hydralazine pyruvic-acid hydrazone. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1979 Dec;211(3):509-13. [PubMed:512915 ]
- Reece PA, Cozamanis I, Zacest R: Selective high-performance liquid chromatographic assays for hydralazine and its metabolites in plasma of man. J Chromatogr. 1980 Mar 14;181(3-4):427-40. [PubMed:7391156 ]
- Meijer-Severs GJ, Van Santen E, Meijer BC: Short-chain fatty acid and organic acid concentrations in feces of healthy human volunteers and their correlations with anaerobe cultural counts during systemic ceftriaxone administration. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1990 Jul;25(7):698-704. [PubMed:2396083 ]
- Elling D, Bader K: [Biochemical changes in cervix mucus in stepwise malignant transformation of cervix epithelium]. Zentralbl Gynakol. 1990;112(9):555-60. [PubMed:2378186 ]
- Mongan PD, Capacchione J, West S, Karaian J, Dubois D, Keneally R, Sharma P: Pyruvate improves redox status and decreases indicators of hepatic apoptosis during hemorrhagic shock in swine. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2002 Oct;283(4):H1634-44. Epub 2002 Jun 20. [PubMed:12234818 ]
- Alizadeh T, Nayeri S: An enzyme-free sensing platform based on molecularly imprinted polymer/MWCNT composite for sub-micromolar-level determination of pyruvic acid as a cancer biomarker. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2020 Jan;412(3):657-667. doi: 10.1007/s00216-019-02273-4. Epub 2019 Dec 11. [PubMed:31828373 ]
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