Record Information |
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Version | 2.0 |
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Created at | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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Updated at | 2024-09-17 15:43:25 UTC |
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NP-MRD ID | NP0000938 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Natural Product Identification |
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Common Name | Prostaglandin E2 |
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Description | The naturally occurring prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is known in medicine as dinoprostone, and it is the most common and most biologically active of the mammalian prostaglandins. It has important effects during labour and also stimulates osteoblasts to release factors which stimulate bone resorption by osteoclasts (a type of bone cell that removes bone tissue by removing the bone's mineralized matrix). PGE2 is also the prostaglandin that ultimately induces fever. PGE2 has been shown to increase vasodilation and cAMP production, enhance the effects of bradykinin and histamine, and induce uterine contractions and platelet aggregation. PGE2 is also responsible for maintaining the open passageway of the fetal ductus arteriosus, decreasing T-cell proliferation and lymphocyte migration, and activating the secretion of IL-1α and IL-2. PGE2 exhibits both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects, particularly on dendritic cells (DC). Depending on the nature of maturation signals, PGE2 has different and sometimes opposite effects on DC biology. PGE2 exerts an inhibitory action, reducing the maturation of DC and their ability to present antigen. PGE2 has also been shown to stimulate DC and promote IL-12 production when given in combination with TNF-alpha. PGE2 is an environmentally bioactive substance. Its action is prolonged and sustained by other factors especially IL-10. It modulates the activities of professional DC by acting on their differentiation, maturation, and their ability to secrete cytokines. PGE2 is a potent inducer of IL-10 in bone marrow-derived DC (BM-DC). PGE2-induced IL-10 is a key regulator of the BM-DC pro-inflammatory phenotype (PMID: 16978535 ). Prostaglandins are eicosanoids. The eicosanoids consist of the prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), leukotrienes (LTs), and lipoxins (LXs). The PGs and TXs are collectively identified as prostanoids. Prostaglandins were originally shown to be synthesized in the prostate gland, thromboxanes from platelets (thrombocytes), and leukotrienes from leukocytes, hence the derivation of their names. All mammalian cells except erythrocytes synthesize eicosanoids. These molecules are extremely potent and are able to cause profound physiological effects at very dilute concentrations. All eicosanoids function locally at the site of synthesis through receptor-mediated G-protein linked signalling pathways. |
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Structure | CCCCC[C@H](O)\C=C\[C@H]1[C@H](O)CC(=O)[C@@H]1C\C=C/CCCC(O)=O InChI=1S/C20H32O5/c1-2-3-6-9-15(21)12-13-17-16(18(22)14-19(17)23)10-7-4-5-8-11-20(24)25/h4,7,12-13,15-17,19,21,23H,2-3,5-6,8-11,14H2,1H3,(H,24,25)/b7-4-,13-12+/t15-,16+,17+,19+/m0/s1 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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(15S)-Prostaglandin e2 | ChEBI | (5Z,11alpha,13E,15S)-11,15-Dihydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,13-dien-1-Oic acid | ChEBI | (5Z,13E)-(15S)-11alpha,15-Dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-13-enoate | ChEBI | (5Z,13E)-(15S)-11alpha,15-Dihydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoate | ChEBI | (e,Z)-(1R,2R,3R)-7-(3-Hydroxy-2-((3S)-(3-hydroxy-1-octenyl))-5-oxocyclopentyl)-5-heptenoic acid | ChEBI | (Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R)-3-Hydroxy-2-((S,e)-3-hydroxyoct-1-enyl)-5-oxocyclopentyl)hept-5-enoic acid | ChEBI | Cervidil | ChEBI | Cerviprime | ChEBI | Cerviprost | ChEBI | Dinoproston | ChEBI | Dinoprostona | ChEBI | Dinoprostone | ChEBI | Dinoprostonum | ChEBI | Enzaprost e | ChEBI | Glandin-e2 | ChEBI | Minprositin e2 | ChEBI | Minprostin e2 | ChEBI | PGE2 | ChEBI | Prepidil | ChEBI | Propess | ChEBI | Prostarmon e | ChEBI | Prostenone | ChEBI | Prostin | ChEBI | Prostin e2 | ChEBI | U 12062 | ChEBI | U-12,062 | ChEBI | U-12062 | ChEBI | (5Z,11a,13E,15S)-11,15-Dihydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,13-dien-1-Oate | Generator | (5Z,11a,13E,15S)-11,15-Dihydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,13-dien-1-Oic acid | Generator | (5Z,11alpha,13E,15S)-11,15-Dihydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,13-dien-1-Oate | Generator | (5Z,11Α,13E,15S)-11,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,13-dien-1-Oate | Generator | (5Z,11Α,13E,15S)-11,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,13-dien-1-Oic acid | Generator | (5Z,13E)-(15S)-11a,15-Dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-13-enoate | Generator | (5Z,13E)-(15S)-11a,15-Dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-13-enoic acid | Generator | (5Z,13E)-(15S)-11alpha,15-Dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-13-enoic acid | Generator | (5Z,13E)-(15S)-11Α,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-13-enoate | Generator | (5Z,13E)-(15S)-11Α,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-13-enoic acid | Generator | (5Z,13E)-(15S)-11a,15-Dihydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoate | Generator | (5Z,13E)-(15S)-11a,15-Dihydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoic acid | Generator | (5Z,13E)-(15S)-11alpha,15-Dihydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoic acid | Generator | (5Z,13E)-(15S)-11Α,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoate | Generator | (5Z,13E)-(15S)-11Α,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoic acid | Generator | (e,Z)-(1R,2R,3R)-7-(3-Hydroxy-2-((3S)-(3-hydroxy-1-octenyl))-5-oxocyclopentyl)-5-heptenoate | Generator | (Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R)-3-Hydroxy-2-((S,e)-3-hydroxyoct-1-enyl)-5-oxocyclopentyl)hept-5-enoate | Generator | (-)-Prostaglandin e2 | HMDB | (5Z,13E,15S)-11-alpha,15-Dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-5,13-dienoate | HMDB | (5Z,13E,15S)-11-alpha,15-Dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-5,13-dienoic acid | HMDB | 5-trans-PGE2 | HMDB | Glandin | HMDB | L-Prostaglandin e2 | HMDB | Prostaglandin e | HMDB | Prostaglandin e2alpha | HMDB | e2, Prostaglandin | HMDB | Prepidil gel | HMDB | alpha, Prostaglandin e2 | HMDB | e2 alpha, Prostaglandin | HMDB | e2alpha, Prostaglandin | HMDB | alpha, PGE2 | HMDB | Prostenon | HMDB | Gel, prepidil | HMDB | PGE2 alpha | HMDB | PGE2alpha | HMDB | Prostaglandin e2 alpha | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C20H32O5 |
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Average Mass | 352.4651 Da |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 352.22497 Da |
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IUPAC Name | (5Z)-7-[(1R,2R,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopentyl]hept-5-enoic acid |
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Traditional Name | dinoprostone |
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CAS Registry Number | 363-24-6 |
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SMILES | CCCCC[C@H](O)\C=C\[C@H]1[C@H](O)CC(=O)[C@@H]1C\C=C/CCCC(O)=O |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C20H32O5/c1-2-3-6-9-15(21)12-13-17-16(18(22)14-19(17)23)10-7-4-5-8-11-20(24)25/h4,7,12-13,15-17,19,21,23H,2-3,5-6,8-11,14H2,1H3,(H,24,25)/b7-4-,13-12+/t15-,16+,17+,19+/m0/s1 |
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InChI Key | XEYBRNLFEZDVAW-ARSRFYASSA-N |
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Experimental Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, 100%_DMSO, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor ID | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 25 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 252 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 50 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 75 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 101 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 126 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 151 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 176 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 201 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 226 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Not Available | Species |
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Species of Origin | |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as prostaglandins and related compounds. These are unsaturated carboxylic acids consisting of a 20 carbon skeleton that also contains a five member ring, and are based upon the fatty acid arachidonic acid. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Lipids and lipid-like molecules |
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Class | Fatty Acyls |
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Sub Class | Eicosanoids |
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Direct Parent | Prostaglandins and related compounds |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Prostaglandin skeleton
- Long-chain fatty acid
- Hydroxy fatty acid
- Cyclopentanol
- Fatty acid
- Unsaturated fatty acid
- Cyclic alcohol
- Ketone
- Cyclic ketone
- Secondary alcohol
- Carboxylic acid
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Alcohol
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organic oxide
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organooxygen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Aliphatic homomonocyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic homomonocyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | 67 °C | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | LogP | 2.82 | Hansch CH, Leo A and Hoekman DH. "Exploring QSAR: Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constraints. Volume 1" ACS Publications (1995). |
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Predicted Properties | |
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General References | - Catanzarite VA: Prophylactic intramyometrial carboprost tromethamine does not substantially reduce blood loss relative to intramyometrial oxytocin at routine cesarean section. Am J Perinatol. 1990 Jan;7(1):39-42. [PubMed:2403792 ]
- Ilzecka J: Prostaglandin E2 is increased in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Acta Neurol Scand. 2003 Aug;108(2):125-9. [PubMed:12859290 ]
- Waschbisch A, Fiebich BL, Akundi RS, Schmitz ML, Hoozemans JJ, Candelario-Jalil E, Virtainen N, Veerhuis R, Slawik H, Yrjanheikki J, Hull M: Interleukin-1 beta-induced expression of the prostaglandin E-receptor subtype EP3 in U373 astrocytoma cells depends on protein kinase C and nuclear factor-kappaB. J Neurochem. 2006 Feb;96(3):680-93. Epub 2006 Jan 9. [PubMed:16405508 ]
- Seo JY, Kim EK, Lee SH, Park KC, Kim KH, Eun HC, Chung JH: Enhanced expression of cylooxygenase-2 by UV in aged human skin in vivo. Mech Ageing Dev. 2003 Aug-Sep;124(8-9):903-10. [PubMed:14499495 ]
- Amato F, Rizzuto G, Nicoletti A, Senatore M, Roberti R: [Isolated peripheral arterial ischaemia and medullary neurostimulation: case report]. G Ital Nefrol. 2003 Mar-Apr;20(2):200-4. [PubMed:12746806 ]
- Laitinen K, Arvola T, Moilanen E, Lampi AM, Ruuska T, Isolauri E: Characterization of breast milk received by infants with gross blood in stools. Biol Neonate. 2005;87(1):66-72. Epub 2004 Nov 9. [PubMed:15542928 ]
- Yamada M, Ogata M, Kawai M, Mashima Y, Nishida T: Substance P in human tears. Cornea. 2003 Oct;22(7 Suppl):S48-54. [PubMed:14703707 ]
- Choi SH, Langenbach R, Bosetti F: Cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 enzymes differentially regulate the brain upstream NF-kappa B pathway and downstream enzymes involved in prostaglandin biosynthesis. J Neurochem. 2006 Aug;98(3):801-11. Epub 2006 Jun 19. [PubMed:16787416 ]
- Schmitz T, Dallot E, Leroy MJ, Breuiller-Fouche M, Ferre F, Cabrol D: EP(4) receptors mediate prostaglandin E(2)-stimulated glycosaminoglycan synthesis in human cervical fibroblasts in culture. Mol Hum Reprod. 2001 Apr;7(4):397-402. [PubMed:11279302 ]
- Christidis N, Kopp S, Ernberg M: The effect on mechanical pain threshold over human muscles by oral administration of granisetron and diclofenac-sodium. Pain. 2005 Feb;113(3):265-70. [PubMed:15661432 ]
- Konopka T, Rutkowska M, Hirnle L, Kopec W, Karolewska E: The secretion of prostaglandin E2 and interleukin 1-beta in women with periodontal diseases and preterm low-birth-weight. Bull Group Int Rech Sci Stomatol Odontol. 2003 Jan-Apr;45(1):18-28. [PubMed:14535055 ]
- Iizuka H, Ohkawara A, Ishibashi Y: Human skin epidermal adenylate cyclase systems: defective beta-adrenergic responsiveness in the involved epidermis of Darier's disease. Curr Probl Dermatol. 1983;11:45-58. [PubMed:6317292 ]
- Greaves MW: Does ultraviolet-evoked prostaglandin formation protect skin from actinic cancer? Lancet. 1978 Jan 28;1(8057):189. [PubMed:74611 ]
- Harizi H, Gualde N: Pivotal role of PGE2 and IL-10 in the cross-regulation of dendritic cell-derived inflammatory mediators. Cell Mol Immunol. 2006 Aug;3(4):271-7. [PubMed:16978535 ]
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