Record Information |
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Version | 2.0 |
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Created at | 2006-02-28 12:15:37 UTC |
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Updated at | 2024-09-03 04:16:01 UTC |
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NP-MRD ID | NP0000929 |
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Natural Product DOI | https://doi.org/10.57994/0496 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Natural Product Identification |
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Common Name | Theophylline |
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Description | Theophylline, also known as quibron TSR or uniphyl, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as xanthines. These are purine derivatives with a ketone group conjugated at carbons 2 and 6 of the purine moiety. Theophylline also binds to the adenosine A2B receptor and blocks adenosine mediated bronchoconstriction. Theophylline is a drug which is used for the treatment of the symptoms and reversible airflow obstruction associated with chronic asthma and other chronic lung diseases, such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Theophylline is marketed under several brand names such as Theophylline and Theochron, and it is indicated mainly for asthma, bronchospasm, and COPD. Within humans, theophylline participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, theophylline and formaldehyde can be biosynthesized from caffeine; which is mediated by the enzymes cytochrome P450 1A2, cytochrome P450 3A4, cytochrome P450 2C8, cytochrome P450 2C9, and cytochrome P450 2E1. In addition, theophylline can be converted into 1-methylxanthine and formaldehyde; which is mediated by the enzyme cytochrome P450 1A2. In humans, theophylline is involved in caffeine metabolism. Theophylline is a bitter tasting compound. Outside of the human body, Theophylline is found, on average, in the highest concentration within cocoa beans and tea. Theophylline has also been detected, but not quantified in a few different foods, such as arabica coffee, lemons, and pummelo. This could make theophylline a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Theophylline is a potentially toxic compound. |
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Structure | CN1C2=C(NC=N2)C(=O)N(C)C1=O InChI=1S/C7H8N4O2/c1-10-5-4(8-3-9-5)6(12)11(2)7(10)13/h3H,1-2H3,(H,8,9) |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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1,3-Dimethyl-7H-purine-2,6-dione | ChEBI | 1,3-Dimethylxanthine | ChEBI | Elixophyllin | ChEBI | Respbid | ChEBI | Theo-dur | ChEBI | Theolair | ChEBI | Theophyllin | ChEBI | Theophylline anhydrous | ChEBI | Uniphyl | ChEBI | Quibron-t | Kegg | Theo-24 | Kegg | Theodur g | Kegg | Accurbron | HMDB | Acet-theocin | HMDB | Aerolate | HMDB | Aerolate III | HMDB | Aerolate SR | HMDB | Aminophylline | HMDB | Aquaphyllin | HMDB | Armophylline | HMDB | Asbron | HMDB | Asmax | HMDB | Austyn | HMDB | Bronkodyl | HMDB | Bronkodyl SR | HMDB | Choledyl sa | HMDB | Constant-T | HMDB | Diphyllin | HMDB | Doraphyllin | HMDB | Duraphyl | HMDB | Dyspne-inhal | HMDB | Elixex | HMDB | Elixicon | HMDB | Elixomin | HMDB | Elixophyllin SR | HMDB | Elixophylline | HMDB | Euphylline | HMDB | Euphylong | HMDB | Labid | HMDB | Lanophyllin | HMDB | Liquophylline | HMDB | Liquorice | HMDB | Maphylline | HMDB | Medaphyllin | HMDB | Nuelin | HMDB | Optiphyllin | HMDB | Parkophyllin | HMDB | Pseudotheophylline | HMDB | Quibron t/sr | HMDB | Quibron-t/sr | HMDB | Slo-bid | HMDB | Slo-phyllin | HMDB | Solosin | HMDB | Somophyllin-CRT | HMDB | Somophyllin-DF | HMDB | Somophyllin-T | HMDB | Spophyllin retard | HMDB | Sustaire | HMDB | Synophylate | HMDB | Synophylate-l.a. cenules | HMDB | T-Phyl | HMDB | Tefamin | HMDB | Teofilina | HMDB | Teofyllamin | HMDB | Teolair | HMDB | Theacitin | HMDB | Theal tabl. | HMDB | Theal tablets | HMDB | Theo-dur-sprinkle | HMDB | Theobid | HMDB | Theobid jr. | HMDB | Theochron | HMDB | Theocin | HMDB | Theoclair-SR | HMDB | Theoclear 80 | HMDB | Theoclear l.a.-130 | HMDB | Theoclear la | HMDB | Theoclear-200 | HMDB | Theoclear-80 | HMDB | Theocontin | HMDB | Theodel | HMDB | Theofol | HMDB | Theograd | HMDB | Theolair-SR | HMDB | Theolix | HMDB | Theolixir | HMDB | Theona p | HMDB | Theophyl | HMDB | Theophyl-225 | HMDB | Theophyl-SR | HMDB | Theophyline | HMDB | Theophylline-SR | HMDB | Theostat 80 | HMDB | Theovent | HMDB | Uni-dur | HMDB | Unifyl | HMDB | Uniphyllin | HMDB | Xanthium | HMDB | Xantivent | HMDB | Aerobin | HMDB | Bronchoparat | HMDB | Glycine theophyllinate | HMDB | Nuelin s.a. | HMDB | Slo phyllin | HMDB | SloPhyllin | HMDB | Somophyllin T | HMDB | Theo24 | HMDB | Theoconfin continuous | HMDB | Theonite | HMDB | CT Arzneimittel brand OF theophylline sodium glycinate | HMDB | Von CT, theo | HMDB | Mundipharma brand OF theophylline sodium glycinate | HMDB | Quibron T SR | HMDB | Quibron T-SR | HMDB | Sodium glycinate, theophylline | HMDB | Theo 24 | HMDB | Theophyllinate, glycine | HMDB | Theophylline sodium glycinate | HMDB | Theospan | HMDB | Uniphylline | HMDB | CT-Arzneimittel brand OF theophylline sodium glycinate | HMDB | ConstantT | HMDB | Fameasan brand OF theophylline sodium glycinate | HMDB | Lodrane | HMDB | Monospan | HMDB | Quibron TSR | HMDB | Theodur | HMDB | Theon | HMDB | Theopek | HMDB | Theostat | HMDB | CT, Theo von | HMDB | Theo von CT | HMDB | 1,3 Dimethylxanthine | HMDB | 3,7-Dihydro-1,3-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione | HMDB | Afonilum retard | HMDB | Anhydrous, theophylline | HMDB | Constant T | HMDB | Fujisawa brand OF theophylline sodium glycinate | HMDB | Glycinate, theophylline sodium | HMDB | SomophyllinT | HMDB | Theo dur | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C7H8N4O2 |
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Average Mass | 180.1640 Da |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 180.06473 Da |
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IUPAC Name | 1,3-dimethyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione |
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Traditional Name | theophylline |
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CAS Registry Number | 58-55-9 |
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SMILES | CN1C2=C(NC=N2)C(=O)N(C)C1=O |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C7H8N4O2/c1-10-5-4(8-3-9-5)6(12)11(2)7(10)13/h3H,1-2H3,(H,8,9) |
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InChI Key | ZFXYFBGIUFBOJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Experimental Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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HMBC NMR | [1H, 13C] NMR Spectrum (2D, 500 MHz, CDCL3, experimental) | john.cort@pnnl.gov | Not Available | Not Available | 2024-05-11 | View Spectrum | HSQC NMR | [1H, 13C] NMR Spectrum (2D, 500 MHz, CDCL3, experimental) | john.cort@pnnl.gov | Not Available | Not Available | 2024-05-11 | View Spectrum | HSQC NMR | [1H, 13C] NMR Spectrum (2D, 500 MHz, CDCL3, experimental) | john.cort@pnnl.gov | Not Available | Not Available | 2024-05-11 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 126 MHz, CDCL3, experimental) | john.cort@pnnl.gov | Not Available | Not Available | 2024-05-11 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, CDCL3, experimental) | john.cort@pnnl.gov | Not Available | Not Available | 2024-05-11 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
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| Not Available | Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500.11, CDCl3, simulated) | john.cort@pnnl.gov | Not Available | Not Available | 2024-05-11 | View Spectrum |
| Species |
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Species of Origin | |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as xanthines. These are purine derivatives with a ketone group conjugated at carbons 2 and 6 of the purine moiety. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Organoheterocyclic compounds |
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Class | Imidazopyrimidines |
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Sub Class | Purines and purine derivatives |
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Direct Parent | Xanthines |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Xanthine
- 6-oxopurine
- Purinone
- Alkaloid or derivatives
- Pyrimidone
- Pyrimidine
- Azole
- Imidazole
- Heteroaromatic compound
- Vinylogous amide
- Lactam
- Urea
- Azacycle
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organic oxide
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | 273 °C | Not Available | Boiling Point | 196.00 to 197.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est) | The Good Scents Company Information System | Water Solubility | 7.36 mg/mL at 25 °C | Not Available | LogP | -0.02 | Hansch CH, Leo A and Hoekman DH. "Exploring QSAR: Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constraints. Volume 1" ACS Publications (1995). |
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Predicted Properties | |
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General References | - Bailey DN: Relative binding of acetaminophen, lidocaine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, quinidine, and theophylline to human tissues in vitro. J Anal Toxicol. 1997 Jan-Feb;21(1):1-4. [PubMed:9013284 ]
- Bath PM: Theophylline, aminophylline, caffeine and analogues for acute ischaemic stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;(3):CD000211. [PubMed:15266427 ]
- Yasui K, Agematsu K, Shinozaki K, Hokibara S, Nagumo H, Yamada S, Kobayashi N, Komiyama A: Effects of theophylline on human eosinophil functions: comparative study with neutrophil functions. J Leukoc Biol. 2000 Aug;68(2):194-200. [PubMed:10947063 ]
- Gerbershagen MU, Fiege M, Weisshorn R, Kolodzie K, Wappler F: [Theophylline induces contractures in porcine skeletal muscle preparations with the disposition to malignant hyperthermia]. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther. 2004 Mar;39(3):147-52. [PubMed:15042504 ]
- Mahomed AG, Theron AJ, Anderson R, Feldman C: Anti-oxidative effects of theophylline on human neutrophils involve cyclic nucleotides and protein kinase A. Inflammation. 1998 Dec;22(6):545-57. [PubMed:9824770 ]
- Andreas S, Reiter H, Luthje L, Delekat A, Grunewald RW, Hasenfuss G, Somers VK: Differential effects of theophylline on sympathetic excitation, hemodynamics, and breathing in congestive heart failure. Circulation. 2004 Oct 12;110(15):2157-62. Epub 2004 Oct 4. [PubMed:15466632 ]
- Yano Y, Yoshida M, Hoshino S, Inoue K, Kida H, Yanagita M, Takimoto T, Hirata H, Kijima T, Kumagai T, Osaki T, Tachibana I, Kawase I: Anti-fibrotic effects of theophylline on lung fibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Mar 17;341(3):684-90. Epub 2006 Jan 18. [PubMed:16430859 ]
- Mohiuddin AA, Bath FJ, Bath PM: Theophylline, aminophylline, caffeine and analogues for acute ischaemic stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;(2):CD000211. [PubMed:10796327 ]
- Mehta R, Weinberger B, Usmani SS, Wapnir RA, Harper RG: Theophylline alters neutrophil function in preterm infants. Biol Neonate. 2002;81(3):176-81. [PubMed:11937723 ]
- Benoehr P, Krueth P, Bokemeyer C, Grenz A, Osswald H, Hartmann JT: Nephroprotection by theophylline in patients with cisplatin chemotherapy: a randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005 Feb;16(2):452-8. Epub 2004 Dec 8. [PubMed:15590762 ]
- Spoelstra FM, Berends C, Dijkhuizen B, de Monchy JG, Kauffman HF: Effect of theophylline on CD11b and L-selectin expression and density of eosinophils and neutrophils in vitro. Eur Respir J. 1998 Sep;12(3):585-91. [PubMed:9762784 ]
- Teplinskaia LE, Filichkina NS, Matevosova KS: [Efficiency of treatment of uveitis with the drug superlymph]. Vestn Oftalmol. 2005 Jul-Aug;121(4):22-6. [PubMed:16223038 ]
- Yoshiike T, Aikawa Y, Sindhvananda J, Suto H, Nishimura K, Kawamoto T, Ogawa H: Skin barrier defect in atopic dermatitis: increased permeability of the stratum corneum using dimethyl sulfoxide and theophylline. J Dermatol Sci. 1993 Apr;5(2):92-6. [PubMed:8357787 ]
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