Record Information |
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Version | 2.0 |
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Created at | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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Updated at | 2021-06-29 00:46:44 UTC |
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NP-MRD ID | NP0000924 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Natural Product Identification |
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Common Name | Threonic acid |
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Description | Threonic acid, also known as threonate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sugar acids and derivatives. Sugar acids and derivatives are compounds containing a saccharide unit which bears a carboxylic acid group. Threonic acid is a sugar acid derived from threose. The L-isomer is a metabolite of ascorbic acid (vitamin C). One study suggested that because L-threonate inhibits DKK1 expression in vitro, it may have potential in the treatment of androgenic alopecia (PMID: 21034532 ). Threonic acid is probably derived from glycated proteins or from degradation of ascorbic acid. It is a normal component in aqueous humour and blood (PMID: 10420182 ). Threonic acid is a substrate of L-threonate 3-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.129) In the ascorbate and aldarate metabolism pathway (KEGG). It has been found to be a microbial metabolite (PMID: 20615997 ). |
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Structure | OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O InChI=1S/C4H8O5/c5-1-2(6)3(7)4(8)9/h2-3,5-7H,1H2,(H,8,9)/t2-,3+/m0/s1 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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L-Threonate | Kegg | (2R,3S)-2,3,4-Trihydroxybutanoic acid | Kegg | L-Threonic acid | Generator | (2R,3S)-2,3,4-Trihydroxybutanoate | Generator | Threonate | Generator | Threonic acid, (R-(r*,s*))-isomer | HMDB | 2,3,4-Trihydroxy-(threo)-butanoic acid | HMDB | Threonic acid, (r*,r*)-isomer | HMDB | 2,3,4-Trihydroxybutanoic acid | HMDB | 2,3,4-Trihydroxybutyric acid | HMDB | Threonic acid | MeSH, HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C4H8O5 |
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Average Mass | 136.1033 Da |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 136.03717 Da |
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IUPAC Name | (2R,3S)-2,3,4-trihydroxybutanoic acid |
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Traditional Name | threonate |
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CAS Registry Number | 3909-12-4 |
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SMILES | OC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C(O)=O |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C4H8O5/c5-1-2(6)3(7)4(8)9/h2-3,5-7H,1H2,(H,8,9)/t2-,3+/m1/s1 |
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InChI Key | JPIJQSOTBSSVTP-GBXIJSLDSA-N |
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Experimental Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
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| Not Available | Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, simulated) | varshavi.d26@gmail.com | Not Available | Not Available | 2021-08-08 | View Spectrum |
| Species |
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Species of Origin | |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sugar acids and derivatives. Sugar acids and derivatives are compounds containing a saccharide unit which bears a carboxylic acid group. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Organic oxygen compounds |
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Class | Organooxygen compounds |
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Sub Class | Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates |
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Direct Parent | Sugar acids and derivatives |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Beta-hydroxy acid
- Short-chain hydroxy acid
- Sugar acid
- Alpha-hydroxy acid
- Hydroxy acid
- Monosaccharide
- Fatty acid
- Secondary alcohol
- Polyol
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Carboxylic acid
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Alcohol
- Carbonyl group
- Primary alcohol
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organic oxide
- Aliphatic acyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | 53 mg/mL | Not Available | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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Predicted Properties | |
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General References | - Chalmers RA, Lawson AM, Hauschildt S, Watts RW: The urinary excretion of glycollic acid and threonic acid by xylitol-infused patients and their relationship to the possible role of 'active glycoladehyde' in the transketolase reaction in vivo. Biochem Soc Trans. 1975;3(4):518-21. [PubMed:1183712 ]
- Harding JJ, Hassett PC, Rixon KC, Bron AJ, Harvey DJ: Sugars including erythronic and threonic acids in human aqueous humour. Curr Eye Res. 1999 Aug;19(2):131-6. [PubMed:10420182 ]
- Leveque N, Mac-Mary S, Muret P, Makki S, Aubin F, Kantelip JP, Heusele C, S S, Humbert P: Evaluation of a sunscreen photoprotective effect by ascorbic acid assessment in human dermis using microdialysis and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Exp Dermatol. 2005 Mar;14(3):176-81. [PubMed:15740589 ]
- Watts RW, Hauschildt S, Chalmers RA, Lawson AM: Metabolic investigations during xylitol infusion. Int Z Vitam Ernahrungsforsch Beih. 1976;15:216-25. [PubMed:821885 ]
- Kwack MH, Ahn JS, Kim MK, Kim JC, Sung YK: Preventable effect of L-threonate, an ascorbate metabolite, on androgen-driven balding via repression of dihydrotestosterone-induced dickkopf-1 expression in human hair dermal papilla cells. BMB Rep. 2010 Oct;43(10):688-92. doi: 10.5483/BMBRep.2010.43.10.688. [PubMed:21034532 ]
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