NP-MRD: Showing NP-Card for D-Galactose (NP0000923)

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Record Information

Version

1.0

Created at

2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC

Updated at

2022-01-20 20:28:29 UTC

NP-MRD ID

NP0000923

Secondary Accession Numbers

None

Natural Product Identification

Common Name

D-Galactose

Description

D-Galactose is an aldohexose that occurs naturally in the D-form in lactose, cerebrosides, gangliosides, and mucoproteins. D-Galactose is an energy-providing nutrient and also a necessary basic substrate for the biosynthesis of many macromolecules in the body. Metabolic pathways for D-Galactose are important not only for the provision of these pathways but also for the prevention of D-Galactose and D-Galactose metabolite accumulation. The main source of D-Galactose is lactose in the milk of mammals, but it can also be found in some fruits and vegetables. Utilization of D-Galactose in all living cells is initiated by the phosphorylation of the hexose by the enzyme galactokinase (E.C. 2.7.1.6) (GALK) to form D-Galactose-1-phosphate. In the presence of D-Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (E.C. 2.7.7.12) (GALT) D-Galactose-1-phosphate is exchanged with glucose-1-phosphate in UDP-glucose to form UDP-galactose. Glucose-1-phosphate will then enter the glycolytic pathway for energy production. Deficiency of the enzyme GALT in galactosemic patients leads to the accumulation of D-Galactose-1-phosphate. Classic galactosemia-a term that denotes the presence of D-Galactose in the blood is the rare inborn error of D-Galactose metabolism, diagnosed by the deficiency of the second enzyme of the D-Galactose assimilation pathway, GALT, which, in turn, is caused by mutations at the GALT gene. (PMID: 15256214 , 11020650 , 10408771 ). Galactose in the urine is a biomarker for the consumption of milk.

Structure

MOL 3D MOL SDF 3D SDF PDB 3D PDB SMILES InChI


  Mrv1652306192120413D          

 24 24  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
    1.6285    1.9337   -4.3861 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.2207    2.1671   -3.1048 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.5338    1.2822   -2.0597 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.7555   -0.0898   -2.4581 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.2034   -1.0404   -1.5626 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.2186   -0.9507   -1.5736 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.7048   -0.8644   -0.1205 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.0206   -1.7533    0.7813 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4669    0.5726    0.3504 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.0925    0.7651    1.6319 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.0561    1.5711   -0.6448 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.4873    1.4721   -0.5972 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.7019    0.9705   -4.5262 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.1040    3.2283   -2.8663 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.2870    1.9360   -3.1954 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.4524    1.4641   -2.1054 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4657   -2.0449   -1.9123 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.4824   -1.2937   -2.4463 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.7733   -1.1006   -0.0584 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0868   -1.7579    0.4865 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.3954    0.7586    0.4901 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.8494   -0.0235    2.1589 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.8074    2.5953   -0.3443 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.7080    1.4725    0.3579 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  7  9  1  0  0  0  0
 11  9  1  0  0  0  0
 11  3  1  0  0  0  0
  3  4  1  0  0  0  0
  4  5  1  0  0  0  0
 11 12  1  0  0  0  0
  9 10  1  0  0  0  0
  7  8  1  0  0  0  0
  2  1  1  0  0  0  0
  7  5  1  0  0  0  0
  5 17  1  6  0  0  0
  5  6  1  0  0  0  0
  3  2  1  0  0  0  0
  6 18  1  0  0  0  0
 12 24  1  0  0  0  0
 11 23  1  1  0  0  0
  9 21  1  1  0  0  0
 10 22  1  0  0  0  0
  7 19  1  6  0  0  0
  8 20  1  0  0  0  0
  2 14  1  0  0  0  0
  2 15  1  0  0  0  0
  3 16  1  1  0  0  0
  1 13  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
> <DATABASE_ID>
NP0000923

> <DATABASE_NAME>
NP-MRD

> <SMILES>
[H]OC([H])([H])[C@@]1([H])O[C@]([H])(O[H])[C@]([H])(O[H])[C@@]([H])(O[H])[C@@]1([H])O[H]

> <INCHI_IDENTIFIER>
InChI=1S/C6H12O6/c7-1-2-3(8)4(9)5(10)6(11)12-2/h2-11H,1H2/t2-,3+,4+,5-,6+/m1/s1

> <INCHI_KEY>
WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N

> <FORMULA>
C6H12O6

> <MOLECULAR_WEIGHT>
180.1559

> <EXACT_MASS>
180.063388116

> <JCHEM_ACCEPTOR_COUNT>
6

> <JCHEM_ATOM_COUNT>
24

> <JCHEM_AVERAGE_POLARIZABILITY>
16.129783718715995

> <JCHEM_BIOAVAILABILITY>
1

> <JCHEM_DONOR_COUNT>
5

> <JCHEM_FORMAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_GHOSE_FILTER>
0

> <JCHEM_IUPAC>
(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol

> <ALOGPS_LOGP>
-2.57

> <JCHEM_LOGP>
-2.932539218

> <ALOGPS_LOGS>
0.64

> <JCHEM_MDDR_LIKE_RULE>
0

> <JCHEM_NUMBER_OF_RINGS>
1

> <JCHEM_PHYSIOLOGICAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_PKA>
12.687538461190869

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_ACIDIC>
11.298101552080594

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_BASIC>
-2.9810792051782764

> <JCHEM_POLAR_SURFACE_AREA>
110.38000000000001

> <JCHEM_REFRACTIVITY>
35.9234

> <JCHEM_ROTATABLE_BOND_COUNT>
1

> <JCHEM_RULE_OF_FIVE>
1

> <ALOGPS_SOLUBILITY>
7.82e+02 g/l

> <JCHEM_TRADITIONAL_IUPAC>
galactose

> <JCHEM_VEBER_RULE>
0

$$$$

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 19-JUN-21   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    NULL                                                        
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   19-JUN-21         0                                  
HETATM    1  O   UNK     0       1.629   1.934  -4.386  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    2  C   UNK     0       2.221   2.167  -3.105  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    3  C   UNK     0       1.534   1.282  -2.060  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    4  O   UNK     0       1.756  -0.090  -2.458  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    5  C   UNK     0       1.203  -1.040  -1.563  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    6  O   UNK     0      -0.219  -0.951  -1.574  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    7  C   UNK     0       1.705  -0.864  -0.121  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    8  O   UNK     0       1.021  -1.753   0.781  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    9  C   UNK     0       1.467   0.573   0.350  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   10  O   UNK     0       2.092   0.765   1.632  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   11  C   UNK     0       2.056   1.571  -0.645  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   12  O   UNK     0       3.487   1.472  -0.597  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   13  H   UNK     0       1.702   0.971  -4.526  0.00  0.00           H+0
HETATM   14  H   UNK     0       2.104   3.228  -2.866  0.00  0.00           H+0
HETATM   15  H   UNK     0       3.287   1.936  -3.195  0.00  0.00           H+0
HETATM   16  H   UNK     0       0.452   1.464  -2.105  0.00  0.00           H+0
HETATM   17  H   UNK     0       1.466  -2.045  -1.912  0.00  0.00           H+0
HETATM   18  H   UNK     0      -0.482  -1.294  -2.446  0.00  0.00           H+0
HETATM   19  H   UNK     0       2.773  -1.101  -0.058  0.00  0.00           H+0
HETATM   20  H   UNK     0       0.087  -1.758   0.487  0.00  0.00           H+0
HETATM   21  H   UNK     0       0.395   0.759   0.490  0.00  0.00           H+0
HETATM   22  H   UNK     0       1.849  -0.024   2.159  0.00  0.00           H+0
HETATM   23  H   UNK     0       1.807   2.595  -0.344  0.00  0.00           H+0
HETATM   24  H   UNK     0       3.708   1.472   0.358  0.00  0.00           H+0
CONECT    1    2   13                                                       
CONECT    2    1    3   14   15                                             
CONECT    3   11    4    2   16                                             
CONECT    4    3    5                                                       
CONECT    5    4    7   17    6                                             
CONECT    6    5   18                                                       
CONECT    7    9    8    5   19                                             
CONECT    8    7   20                                                       
CONECT    9    7   11   10   21                                             
CONECT   10    9   22                                                       
CONECT   11    9    3   12   23                                             
CONECT   12   11   24                                                       
CONECT   13    1                                                            
CONECT   14    2                                                            
CONECT   15    2                                                            
CONECT   16    3                                                            
CONECT   17    5                                                            
CONECT   18    6                                                            
CONECT   19    7                                                            
CONECT   20    8                                                            
CONECT   21    9                                                            
CONECT   22   10                                                            
CONECT   23   11                                                            
CONECT   24   12                                                            
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   24    0   48    0
END

View in JSmol

Synonyms

Value	Source
ALPHA D-GALACTOSE	ChEBI
alpha-D-Gal	ChEBI
Gal-alpha	ChEBI
WURCS=2.0/1,1,0/[a2112h-1a_1-5]/1/	ChEBI
alpha-D-Galactose	Kegg
a D-GALACTOSE	Generator
Α D-galactose	Generator
a-D-Gal	Generator
Α-D-gal	Generator
Gal-a	Generator
Gal-α	Generator
a-D-Galactose	Generator
Α-D-galactose	Generator
(+)-Galactose	HMDB
5Abp	HMDB
8Abp	HMDB
alpha-D-Galactopyranose	HMDB
D-(+)-Galactose	HMDB
D-Hexose	HMDB
GAL	HMDB
Galactose	HMDB
Galactose (NF)	HMDB
GLA	HMDB
GLC	HMDB
Hexose	HMDB
SHU 508 a	HMDB
SH-TA-508	HMDB
SHU 508	HMDB
Levovist	HMDB
SHU-508	HMDB

Chemical Formula

C₆H₁₂O₆

Average Mass

180.1559 Da

Monoisotopic Mass

180.06339 Da

IUPAC Name

(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol

Traditional Name

galactose

CAS Registry Number

59-23-4

SMILES

[H]OC([H])([H])[C@@]1([H])O[C@]([H])(O[H])[C@]([H])(O[H])[C@@]([H])(O[H])[C@@]1([H])O[H]

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C6H12O6/c7-1-2-3(8)4(9)5(10)6(11)12-2/h2-11H,1H2/t2-,3+,4+,5-,6+/m1/s1

InChI Key

WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N

Experimental Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Depositor Email	Depositor Organization	Depositor	Deposition Date	View
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H₂O, simulated)	Ahselim			2022-01-20	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H₂O, experimental)	Ahselim			2022-01-20	View Spectrum
2D NMR	[¹H, ¹³C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 400 MHz, H₂O, experimental)	Wishart Lab	Wishart Lab	David Wishart	2021-06-20	View Spectrum

Predicted Spectra

Not Available

Chemical Shift Submissions

Spectrum Type	Description	Depositor ID	Depositor Organization	Depositor	Deposition Date	View
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H₂O, simulated)	V.dorna83			2021-08-08	View Spectrum

Species

Species of Origin

Species Name	Source	Reference
Abelmoschus esculentus	FooDB	Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
Acacia tortuosa	KNApSAcK Database	22123792
Actinidia chinensis	FooDB	USDA
Agaricus bisporus	FooDB	FooDB
Agave	FooDB	USDA
Allium ampeloprasum	FooDB	Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
Allium ascalonicum	FooDB	FooDB
Allium cepa	FooDB	USDA
Allium cepa L.	FooDB	FooDB
Allium fistulosum	FooDB	FooDB
Allium sativum	FooDB	Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
Allium schoenoprasum	FooDB	Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
Allium tuberosum	FooDB	FooDB
Aloysia triphylla	FooDB	FooDB
Amaranthus	FooDB	USDA
Amelanchier alnifolia	FooDB	FooDB
Anacardium occidentale	FooDB	Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
Ananas comosus	FooDB	USDA
Anas platyrhynchos	FooDB	FooDB
Anatidae	FooDB	FooDB
Anethum graveolens	FooDB	FooDB
Angelica keiskei	FooDB	FooDB
Annona cherimola	FooDB	USDA
Annona muricata	FooDB	FooDB
Annona reticulata	FooDB	FooDB
Annona squamosa	FooDB	FooDB
Anser anser	FooDB	FooDB
Anthriscus cerefolium	FooDB	FooDB
Apium graveolens	FooDB	Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
Apium graveolens var. dulce	FooDB	USDA
Apium graveolens var. rapaceum	FooDB	FooDB
Apium graveolens var. secalinum	FooDB	FooDB
Arabidopsis thaliana	LOTUS Database	35616633
Arachis hypogaea	FooDB	USDA
Arctium lappa	FooDB	FooDB
Armoracia rusticana	FooDB	FooDB
Artemisia dracunculus	FooDB	FooDB
Artemisia vulgaris	FooDB	FooDB
Artocarpus altilis	FooDB	FooDB
Artocarpus heterophyllus	FooDB	USDA
Asparagus officinalis	FooDB	USDA
Attalea speciosa	FooDB	FooDB
Auricularia auricula-judae	FooDB	FooDB
Auricularia polytricha	FooDB	FooDB
Avena sativa L.	FooDB	FooDB
Averrhoa carambola	FooDB	FooDB
Basella alba	FooDB	FooDB
Benincasa hispida	FooDB	FooDB
Bertholletia excelsa	FooDB	FooDB
Beta vulgaris	FooDB	FooDB
Beta vulgaris ssp. cicla	FooDB	FooDB
Bison bison	FooDB	FooDB
Borago officinalis	FooDB	Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
Bos taurus	FooDB	USDA
Bos taurus X Bison bison	FooDB	FooDB
Brassica alboglabra	FooDB	FooDB
Brassica juncea	FooDB	FooDB
Brassica napus	FooDB	USDA
Brassica napus var. napus	FooDB	FooDB
Brassica oleracea	FooDB	FooDB
Brassica oleracea L. ssp. Botrytis	KNApSAcK Database	22123792
Brassica oleracea var. botrytis	FooDB	USDA
Brassica oleracea var. capitata	FooDB	USDA
Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera	FooDB	USDA
Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes	FooDB	FooDB
Brassica oleracea var. italica	FooDB	USDA
Brassica oleracea var. sabauda	FooDB	FooDB
Brassica oleracea var. viridis	FooDB	FooDB
Brassica rapa	FooDB	FooDB
Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis	FooDB	FooDB
Brassica rapa var. pekinensis	FooDB	FooDB
Brassica rapa var. rapa	FooDB	FooDB
Brassica ruvo	FooDB	FooDB
Brosimum alicastrum	FooDB	FooDB
Bubalus bubalis	FooDB	FooDB
Byrsonima crassifolia	FooDB	USDA
Cajanus cajan	FooDB	FooDB
Canarium ovatum	FooDB	FooDB
Cannabis sativa	CannabisDB	Not Available
Cantharellus cibarius	FooDB	USDA
Capparis spinosa	FooDB	FooDB
Capra aegagrus hircus	FooDB	FooDB
Capsicum annuum	FooDB	Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
Capsicum annuum L.	FooDB	FooDB
Capsicum annuum var. annuum	FooDB	Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
Capsicum chinense	FooDB	FooDB
Capsicum pubescens	FooDB	FooDB
Carica papaya	KNApSAcK Database	22123792
Carica papaya L.	FooDB	Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
Caridea	FooDB	USDA
Carissa macrocarpa	FooDB	FooDB
Carthamus tinctorius	FooDB	FooDB
Carum carvi	FooDB	Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
Carya	FooDB	FooDB
Carya illinoinensis	FooDB	FooDB
Cassia angustifolia	KNApSAcK Database	22123792
Cassia fistula	LOTUS Database	35616633
Castanea	FooDB	FooDB
Castanea crenata	FooDB	FooDB
Castanea mollissima	FooDB	FooDB
Castanea sativa	FooDB	FooDB
Ceratonia siliqua	FooDB	Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
Cervidae	FooDB	FooDB
Cervus canadensis	FooDB	FooDB
Chamaemelum nobile	FooDB	FooDB
Chamerion angustifolium	FooDB	FooDB
Chenopodium album	FooDB	FooDB
Chenopodium quinoa	FooDB	FooDB
Chrysanthemum coronarium	FooDB	FooDB
Cicer arietinum	FooDB	FooDB
Cichorium endivia	FooDB	FooDB
Cichorium intybus	FooDB	FooDB
Cinnamomum	FooDB	USDA
Cinnamomum aromaticum	FooDB	FooDB
Cinnamomum verum	FooDB	FooDB
Cirsium	FooDB	FooDB
Citrullus lanatus	FooDB	USDA
Citrus ×limon (L.) Burm. f. (pro sp.)	FooDB	FooDB
Citrus aurantiifolia	FooDB	FooDB
Citrus latifolia	FooDB	FooDB
Citrus limon	FooDB	FooDB
Citrus maxima	FooDB	FooDB
Citrus paradisi	FooDB	USDA
Citrus reticulata	FooDB	USDA
Citrus X sinensis (L.) Osbeck (pro. sp.)	FooDB	Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
Clerodendrum mandarinorum	LOTUS Database	35616633
Cocos nucifera	FooDB	Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
Coffea arabica L.	FooDB	USDA
Coffea canephora	FooDB	USDA
Colocasia esculenta	FooDB	Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
Columba	FooDB	FooDB
Columbidae	FooDB	FooDB
Corchorus olitorius	FooDB	FooDB
Coregonus	FooDB	USDA
Coriandrum sativum L.	FooDB	FooDB
Corylus	FooDB	FooDB
Corylus avellana	FooDB	FooDB
Crassostrea virginica	FooDB	USDA
Crateva religiosa	FooDB	USDA
Crocus sativus	FooDB	FooDB
Cucumis melo	FooDB	USDA
Cucumis metuliferus	FooDB	FooDB
Cucumis sativus L.	FooDB	USDA
Cucurbita	FooDB	FooDB
Cucurbita maxima	FooDB	USDA
Cucurbita moschata	FooDB	USDA
Cuminum cyminum	FooDB	FooDB
Cuphea appendiculata	LOTUS Database	35616633
Curcuma longa	FooDB	USDA
Cydonia oblonga	FooDB	Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
Cymbopogon citratus	FooDB	FooDB
Cynara cardunculus	FooDB	FooDB
Cynara scolymus	FooDB	FooDB
Daucus carota	FooDB	Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
Daucus carota ssp. sativus	FooDB	Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
Dimocarpus longan	FooDB	FooDB
Dioscorea	FooDB	FooDB
Dioscorea pentaphylla	FooDB	FooDB
Diospyros	FooDB	FooDB
Diospyros kaki	FooDB	FooDB
Diospyros virginiana	FooDB	FooDB
Dromaius novaehollandiae	FooDB	FooDB
Durio zibethinus	FooDB	FooDB
Dysphania ambrosioides	FooDB	FooDB
Elaeis	FooDB	FooDB
Eleocharis dulcis	FooDB	FooDB
Elettaria cardamomum	FooDB	FooDB
Empetrum nigrum	FooDB	FooDB
Equus caballus	FooDB	FooDB
Eragrostis tef	FooDB	USDA
Eriobotrya japonica	FooDB	FooDB
Eruca vesicaria subsp. Sativa	FooDB	FooDB
Eugenia javanica	FooDB	FooDB
Eugenia uniflora	FooDB	FooDB
Euphorbia plumerioides	LOTUS Database	35616633
Eutrema japonicum	FooDB	USDA
Fagopyrum esculentum	FooDB	FooDB
Fagopyrum tataricum	FooDB	FooDB
Fagus	FooDB	FooDB
Feijoa sellowiana	FooDB	USDA
Ficus carica	FooDB	Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
Flammulina velutipes	FooDB	FooDB
Foeniculum vulgare	FooDB	FooDB
Fragaria x ananassa	FooDB	FooDB
Gadiformes	FooDB	USDA
Gadus macrocephalus	FooDB	USDA
Gallus gallus	FooDB	FooDB
Garcinia mangostana	FooDB	FooDB
Gaylussacia baccata	FooDB	FooDB
Ginkgo biloba	FooDB	Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
Glycine max	FooDB	Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
Gossypium	FooDB	FooDB
Grifola frondosa	FooDB	USDA
Hedysarum alpinum	FooDB	FooDB
Helianthus annuus L.	FooDB	Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
Helianthus tuberosus	FooDB	FooDB
Hibiscus sabbariffa	FooDB	Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
Hibiscus sabdariffa L.	KNApSAcK Database	22123792
Hippoglossus	FooDB	USDA
Hippoglossus hippoglossus	FooDB	USDA
Hippoglossus stenolepis	FooDB	USDA
Hippophae rhamnoides	FooDB	Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
Homarus americanus	FooDB	USDA
Hordeum vulgare	FooDB	FooDB
Hyssopus officinalis L.	FooDB	FooDB
Ictalurus punctatus	FooDB	USDA
Illicium verum	FooDB	FooDB
Ipomoea aquatica	FooDB	FooDB
Ipomoea batatas	FooDB	USDA
Juglans	FooDB	FooDB
Juglans ailanthifolia	FooDB	FooDB
Juglans cinerea	FooDB	FooDB
Juglans nigra L.	FooDB	FooDB
Juglans regia	FooDB	FooDB
Lablab purpureus	FooDB	FooDB
Lactuca sativa	FooDB	USDA
Lagenaria siceraria	FooDB	FooDB
Lagopus muta	FooDB	FooDB
Laminaria japonica	KNApSAcK Database	22123792
Lathyrus sativus	FooDB	FooDB
Laurus nobilis L.	FooDB	FooDB
Lens culinaris	FooDB	USDA
Lentinus edodes	FooDB	USDA
Lepidium sativum	FooDB	FooDB
Leporidae	FooDB	FooDB
Lepus timidus	FooDB	FooDB
Levisticum officinale	FooDB	FooDB
Limonium gmelinii	LOTUS Database	35616633
Linum usitatissimum	FooDB	USDA
Litchi chinensis	FooDB	FooDB
Luffa aegyptiaca	FooDB	FooDB
Lupinus	FooDB	FooDB
Lupinus albus	FooDB	FooDB
Macadamia	FooDB	FooDB
Macadamia tetraphylla	FooDB	FooDB
Malpighia emarginata	FooDB	FooDB
Malus	FooDB	FooDB
Malus pumila	FooDB	USDA
Mammea americana	FooDB	FooDB
Mangifera indica	FooDB	USDA
Manihot esculenta	FooDB	FooDB
Manilkara zapota	FooDB	FooDB
Maranta arundinacea	FooDB	FooDB
Matricaria recutita	FooDB	Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
Matteuccia struthiopteris	FooDB	FooDB
Medicago sativa	FooDB	FooDB
Melanitta fusca	FooDB	FooDB
Meleagris gallopavo	FooDB	USDA
Melissa officinalis L.	FooDB	FooDB
Mentha	FooDB	FooDB
Mentha aquatica	FooDB	FooDB
Mentha arvensis	FooDB	FooDB
Mentha spicata	FooDB	FooDB
Mentha x piperita	FooDB	FooDB
Mespilus germanica	FooDB	FooDB
Metroxylon sagu	FooDB	FooDB
Microstomus kitt	FooDB	USDA
Momordica charantia	FooDB	FooDB
Morchellaceae	FooDB	USDA
Morella rubra	FooDB	FooDB
Moringa oleifera	FooDB	Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
Morus	FooDB	FooDB
Morus nigra	FooDB	FooDB
Mus musculus	LOTUS Database	35616633
Musa acuminata	FooDB	USDA
Musa x paradisiaca	FooDB	Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
Myrica	FooDB	FooDB
Myristica fragrans	FooDB	FooDB
Nelumbo	FooDB	FooDB
Nelumbo nucifera	FooDB	FooDB
Nephelium lappaceum	FooDB	FooDB
Nephropidae	FooDB	USDA
Numida meleagris	FooDB	FooDB
Nuphar lutea	FooDB	USDA
Ocimum basilicum	FooDB	Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
Odocoileus	FooDB	FooDB
Oenothera biennis	FooDB	FooDB
Olea europaea	FooDB	Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
Oncorhynchus keta	FooDB	USDA
Oncorhynchus kisutch	FooDB	USDA
Oncorhynchus mykiss	FooDB	USDA
Oncorhynchus nerka	FooDB	USDA
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha	FooDB	USDA
Opuntia	FooDB	FooDB
Opuntia cochenillifera	FooDB	FooDB
Opuntia macrorhiza	FooDB	USDA
Origanum majorana	FooDB	FooDB
Origanum onites	FooDB	FooDB
Origanum vulgare	FooDB	USDA
Origanum X majoricum	FooDB	USDA
Oryctolagus	FooDB	FooDB
Oryza rufipogon	FooDB	USDA
Oryza sativa	KNApSAcK Database	22123792
Osmeridae	FooDB	USDA
Ovis aries	FooDB	FooDB
Pachyrhizus erosus	FooDB	FooDB
Paeonia peregrina	KNApSAcK Database	22123792
Panax ginseng	FooDB	FooDB
Pangium edule	FooDB	USDA
Panicum miliaceum	FooDB	USDA
Passiflora edulis	FooDB	FooDB
Pastinaca sativa	FooDB	FooDB
Pectinidae	FooDB	USDA
Pediomelum esculentum	FooDB	USDA
Penicillium dierckxii	LOTUS Database	35616633
Perideridia oregana	FooDB	FooDB
Persea americana	FooDB	USDA
Petasites japonicus	FooDB	FooDB
Petroselinum crispum	FooDB	FooDB
Phaseolus coccineus	FooDB	FooDB
Phaseolus lunatus	FooDB	FooDB
Phaseolus vulgaris	FooDB	USDA
Phasianidae	FooDB	FooDB
Phasianus colchicus	FooDB	FooDB
Phoenix dactylifera	FooDB	Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
Photinia melanocarpa	FooDB	FooDB
Phyllanthus sellowianus	KNApSAcK Database	22123792
Phyllostachys edulis	FooDB	FooDB
Physalis	FooDB	FooDB
Physalis philadelphica var. immaculata	FooDB	FooDB
Phytolacca americana	FooDB	FooDB
Pimenta dioica	FooDB	FooDB
Pimpinella anisum	FooDB	FooDB
Pinus	FooDB	USDA
Pinus edulis	FooDB	FooDB
Piper nigrum L.	FooDB	USDA
Pistacia vera	FooDB	FooDB
Pisum sativum	FooDB	FooDB
Pleuronectiformes	FooDB	USDA
Pleurotus ostreatus	FooDB	USDA
Polygonum alpinum	FooDB	FooDB
Portulaca oleracea	FooDB	Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
Pouteria sapota	FooDB	USDA
Primula veris	LOTUS Database	35616633
Prunus armeniaca	FooDB	USDA
Prunus avium	KNApSAcK Database	22123792
Prunus avium L.	FooDB	FooDB
Prunus cerasus	FooDB	FooDB
Prunus domestica	FooDB	Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
Prunus dulcis	FooDB	Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
Prunus persica	FooDB	Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
Prunus persica var. nucipersica	FooDB	USDA
Prunus persica var. persica	FooDB	USDA
Prunus tomentosa	FooDB	FooDB
Prunus virginiana	FooDB	USDA
Psidium cattleianum	FooDB	FooDB
Psidium guajava	FooDB	Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
Psophocarpus tetragonolobus	FooDB	FooDB
Punica granatum	FooDB	FooDB
Pyrus communis	FooDB	USDA
Pyrus pyrifolia	FooDB	FooDB
Quercus	FooDB	FooDB
Raphanus sativus	FooDB	USDA
Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus	FooDB	USDA
Raphanus sativus var. sativus	FooDB	FooDB
Rheum rhabarbarum	FooDB	FooDB
Ribes aureum	FooDB	FooDB
Ribes glandulosum	FooDB	FooDB
Ribes nigrum	FooDB	FooDB
Ribes rubrum	FooDB	FooDB
Ribes uva-crispa	FooDB	FooDB
Rosa	FooDB	USDA
Rubus arcticus	FooDB	FooDB
Rubus chamaemorus	FooDB	FooDB
Rubus idaeus	FooDB	FooDB
Rubus occidentalis	FooDB	FooDB
Rubus spectabilis	FooDB	USDA
Rumex	FooDB	FooDB
Rumex acetosa	FooDB	FooDB
Rumex articus	FooDB	FooDB
Saccharina japonica	Plant	KNApSAcK
Sagittaria latifolia	FooDB	FooDB
Salix pulchra	FooDB	FooDB
Salvia elegans	FooDB	FooDB
Salvia hispanica	FooDB	FooDB
Salvia officinalis	FooDB	FooDB
Salvia rosmarinus	FooDB	FooDB
Sambucus nigra	FooDB	FooDB
Sambucus nigra L.	FooDB	FooDB
Satureja hortensis L.	FooDB	FooDB
Satureja montana	FooDB	FooDB
Scorzonera hispanica	FooDB	FooDB
Sebastes	FooDB	USDA
Sebastes alutus	FooDB	USDA
Secale cereale	FooDB	USDA
Sechium edule	FooDB	FooDB
Sesamum indicum	FooDB	Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
Sesbania bispinosa	FooDB	FooDB
Sinapis alba	FooDB	FooDB
Sisymbrium	FooDB	FooDB
Solanum lycopersicum	FooDB	KNAPSACK
Solanum lycopersicum L.	KNApSAcK Database	22123792
Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme	FooDB	FooDB
Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum	FooDB	FooDB
Solanum melongena	FooDB	FooDB
Solanum quitoense	FooDB	USDA
Solanum tuberosum	FooDB	Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
Soleidae	FooDB	USDA
Sorbus aucuparia	FooDB	FooDB
Sorghum bicolor	FooDB	USDA
Spinacia oleracea	FooDB	USDA
Stenodus leucichthys	FooDB	USDA
Streptomyces griseus	LOTUS Database	35616633
Struthio camelus	FooDB	FooDB
Sus scrofa	FooDB	FooDB
Sus scrofa domestica	FooDB	USDA
Symphytum tuberosum	LOTUS Database	35616633
Syzygium aromaticum	FooDB	USDA
Syzygium cumini	FooDB	FooDB
Syzygium jambos	FooDB	FooDB
Tamarindus indica	FooDB	Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
Taraxacum officinale	FooDB	FooDB
Tetragonia tetragonioides	FooDB	FooDB
Thelesperma	FooDB	FooDB
Theobroma cacao	FooDB	Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
Thymus pulegioides	FooDB	FooDB
Thymus vulgaris	FooDB	FooDB
Tilia cordata	FooDB	FooDB
Tilia L.	FooDB	FooDB
Tragopogon porrifolius	FooDB	FooDB
Trigonella foenum-graecum	FooDB	FooDB
Triticum	FooDB	USDA
Triticum aestivum	FooDB	FooDB
Triticum durum	FooDB	FooDB
Triticum spelta	FooDB	USDA
Triticum turanicum	FooDB	USDA
Typha angustifolia	FooDB	USDA
Vaccinium	FooDB	FooDB
Vaccinium angustifolium	FooDB	FooDB
Vaccinium angustifolium X Vaccinium corymbosum	FooDB	FooDB
Vaccinium arboreum	FooDB	FooDB
Vaccinium corymbosum	FooDB	FooDB
Vaccinium deliciosum	FooDB	FooDB
Vaccinium elliottii	FooDB	FooDB
Vaccinium macrocarpon	FooDB	FooDB
Vaccinium myrtilloides	FooDB	FooDB
Vaccinium myrtillus	FooDB	FooDB
Vaccinium ovalifolium	FooDB	USDA
Vaccinium ovatum	FooDB	FooDB
Vaccinium oxycoccos	FooDB	FooDB
Vaccinium parvifolium	FooDB	FooDB
Vaccinium reticulatum	FooDB	FooDB
Vaccinium stamineum	FooDB	FooDB
Vaccinium uliginosum	FooDB	FooDB
Vaccinium vitis-idaea	FooDB	FooDB
Valerianella locusta	FooDB	FooDB
Vanilla	FooDB	FooDB
Verbena officinalis	FooDB	FooDB
Viburnum edule	FooDB	FooDB
Vicia faba	FooDB	FooDB
Vigna aconitifolia	FooDB	FooDB
Vigna angularis	FooDB	FooDB
Vigna mungo	FooDB	FooDB
Vigna radiata	FooDB	Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
Vigna umbellata	FooDB	FooDB
Vigna unguiculata	FooDB	FooDB
Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica	FooDB	FooDB
Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata	FooDB	FooDB
Vigna unguiculata var. sesquipedalis	FooDB	FooDB
Vitis	FooDB	USDA
Vitis aestivalis	FooDB	FooDB
Vitis labrusca	FooDB	FooDB
Vitis rotundifolia	FooDB	FooDB
Vitis vinifera L.	FooDB	Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
Withania somnifera	LOTUS Database	35616633
Xanthosoma sagittifolium	FooDB	FooDB
Zea mays L.	FooDB	Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
Zingiber officinale	FooDB	FooDB
Zizania	FooDB	FooDB
Zizania aquatica	FooDB	FooDB
Ziziphus zizyphus	FooDB	FooDB

Species Where Detected

Species Name	Source	Reference
Escherichia coli	KNApSAcK Database	22123792
Homo sapiens (Serum)	KNApSAcK Database	22123792
Homo sapiens (Urine)	KNApSAcK Database	22123792
Phoma medicaginis	KNApSAcK Database	22123792

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hexoses. These are monosaccharides in which the sugar unit is a is a six-carbon containing moeity.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic oxygen compounds

Class

Organooxygen compounds

Sub Class

Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates

Direct Parent

Hexoses

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Hexose monosaccharide
Oxane
Secondary alcohol
Hemiacetal
Oxacycle
Organoheterocyclic compound
Polyol
Hydrocarbon derivative
Primary alcohol
Alcohol
Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds

External Descriptors

D-galactopyranose (CHEBI:28061 )

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Reference
Melting Point	170 °C	Not Available
Boiling Point	410.80 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)	The Good Scents Company Information System
Water Solubility	683 mg/mL	Not Available
LogP	-2.490 (est)	The Good Scents Company Information System

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	782 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	-2.6	ALOGPS
logP	-2.9	ChemAxon
logS	0.64	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	11.3	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-3	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	6	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	5	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	110.38 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	1	ChemAxon
Refractivity	35.92 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	16.13 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	1	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

External Links

HMDB ID

HMDB0000143

DrugBank ID

Not Available

Phenol Explorer Compound ID

Not Available

FoodDB ID

KNApSAcK ID

Chemspider ID

KEGG Compound ID

BioCyc ID

BiGG ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Galactose

METLIN ID

Not Available

PubChem Compound

439357

PDB ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

28061

Good Scents ID

rw1233801

References

General References

Tyfield L, Reichardt J, Fridovich-Keil J, Croke DT, Elsas LJ 2nd, Strobl W, Kozak L, Coskun T, Novelli G, Okano Y, Zekanowski C, Shin Y, Boleda MD: Classical galactosemia and mutations at the galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase (GALT) gene. Hum Mutat. 1999;13(6):417-30. [PubMed:10408771 ]
Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4. doi: 10.1038/nature07762. [PubMed:19212411 ]
Shoemaker JD, Elliott WH: Automated screening of urine samples for carbohydrates, organic and amino acids after treatment with urease. J Chromatogr. 1991 Jan 2;562(1-2):125-38. [PubMed:2026685 ]
Silwood CJ, Lynch E, Claxson AW, Grootveld MC: 1H and (13)C NMR spectroscopic analysis of human saliva. J Dent Res. 2002 Jun;81(6):422-7. [PubMed:12097436 ]
Ning C, Segal S: Plasma galactose and galactitol concentration in patients with galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency galactosemia: determination by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Metabolism. 2000 Nov;49(11):1460-6. [PubMed:11092512 ]
Ning C, Reynolds R, Chen J, Yager C, Berry GT, McNamara PD, Leslie N, Segal S: Galactose metabolism by the mouse with galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency. Pediatr Res. 2000 Aug;48(2):211-7. [PubMed:10926297 ]
Rapoport EM, Nekrasov MV, Khaidukov SV, Svirshchevskaya EV, Zhigis LS, Kozlov LV, Batalova TN, Zubov VP, Bovin NV: Cellular localization of the galactose-binding lectin from human serum. Biochemistry (Mosc). 2000 Nov;65(11):1316-20. [PubMed:11112850 ]
Xu J, Ma M, Purcell WM: Optimizing the enzymatic determination of galactose in the culture medium of rat liver and HepG2 cell spheroids. Anal Biochem. 2002 Dec 15;311(2):179-81. [PubMed:12470678 ]
Seiler CA, Renner EL, Czerniak A, Didonna D, Buchler MW, Reichen J: Early acute cellular rejection: no effect on late hepatic allograft function in man. Transpl Int. 1999;12(3):195-201. [PubMed:10429957 ]
Schadewaldt P, Hammen HW, Loganathan K, Bodner-Leidecker A, Wendel U: Analysis of concentration and (13)C enrichment of D-galactose in human plasma. Clin Chem. 2000 May;46(5):612-9. [PubMed:10794741 ]
Fenn PT, Ning C, Segal S, Blair IA: Determination of [(13)C]galactose enrichment in human plasma by gas chromatography/positive chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Mass Spectrom. 2000 Feb;35(2):218-23. [PubMed:10679984 ]
van den Nieuwenhof IM, Renardel de Lavalette C, Diaz N, van Die I, van den Berg TK: Differential galactosylation of neuronal and haematopoietic signal regulatory protein-alpha determines its cellular binding-specificity. J Cell Sci. 2001 Apr;114(Pt 7):1321-9. [PubMed:11256998 ]
Hernandez DE, Cohen A, Fisher D, Correnti M, Harner R: Antibody levels against galactosyl (alpha1 --> 3) galactose epitopes in cervical mucus from patients with human papillomavirus infection. Gynecol Oncol. 2002 Mar;84(3):374-7. [PubMed:11855872 ]
Ono H, Mawatari H, Mizoguchi N, Eguchi T, Sakura N, Hamakawa M: Transient galactosemia detected by neonatal mass screening. Pediatr Int. 1999 Jun;41(3):281-4. [PubMed:10365579 ]
Tamamori A, Fujimoto A, Okano Y, Kobayashi K, Saheki T, Tagami Y, Takei H, Shigematsu Y, Hata I, Ozaki H, Tokuhara D, Nishimura Y, Yorifuji T, Igarashi N, Ohura T, Shimizu T, Inui K, Sakai N, Abukawa D, Miyakawa T, Matsumori M, Ban K, Kaneko H, Yamano T: Effects of citrin deficiency in the perinatal period: feasibility of newborn mass screening for citrin deficiency. Pediatr Res. 2004 Oct;56(4):608-14. Epub 2004 Aug 4. [PubMed:15295082 ]
Wang ZJ, Berry GT, Dreha SF, Zhao H, Segal S, Zimmerman RA: Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of brain metabolites in galactosemia. Ann Neurol. 2001 Aug;50(2):266-9. [PubMed:11506413 ]
Niebroj-Dobosz I, Janik P, Jamrozik Z, Kwiecinski H: Immunochemical quantification of glycoconjugates in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Eur J Neurol. 1999 May;6(3):335-40. [PubMed:10210915 ]
Schmidt LE, Ott P, Tygstrup N: Galactose elimination capacity as a prognostic marker in patients with severe acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity: 10 years' experience. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2004 May;2(5):418-24. [PubMed:15118981 ]
Vironen J, Kellokumpu S, Andersson LC, Kellokumpu I: Comparison of a peanut agglutinin test and an immunochemical faecal occult blood test in detecting colorectal neoplasia in symptomatic patients. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2004 Apr;64(2):140-5. [PubMed:15115252 ]
Yago H, Kohgo Y, Kato J, Watanabe N, Sakamaki S, Niitsu Y: Detection and quantification of soluble asialoglycoprotein receptor in human serum. Hepatology. 1995 Feb;21(2):383-8. [PubMed:7843709 ]
Chen J, Yager C, Reynolds R, Palmieri M, Segal S: Erythrocyte galactose 1-phosphate quantified by isotope-dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Clin Chem. 2002;48(4):604-12. [PubMed:11901058 ]
Mizoguchi N, Ono H, Eguchi T, Sakura N: Galactose metabolites in blood from neonates with and without hypergalactosaemia detected by mass screening. Eur J Pediatr. 2000 Nov;159(11):851-3. [PubMed:11079200 ]
Cavalli C, Teng C, Battaglia FC, Bevilacqua G: Free sugar and sugar alcohol concentrations in human breast milk. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2006 Feb;42(2):215-21. [PubMed:16456418 ]
Shamsuddin AM, Tyner GT, Yang GY: Common expression of the tumor marker D-galactose-beta-[1-->3]-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine by different adenocarcinomas: evidence of field effect phenomenon. Cancer Res. 1995 Jan 1;55(1):149-52. [PubMed:7805025 ]
Wan CC, Muldrey JE, Li SC, Li YT: beta-Mannosidase from the mushroom Polyporus sulfureus. J Biol Chem. 1976 Jul 25;251(14):4384-8. [PubMed:6478 ]
Redaelli CA, Dufour JF, Wagner M, Schilling M, Husler J, Krahenbuhl L, Buchler MW, Reichen J: Preoperative galactose elimination capacity predicts complications and survival after hepatic resection. Ann Surg. 2002 Jan;235(1):77-85. [PubMed:11753045 ]
Rudzeviciene O, Narkeviciute I, Eidukevicius R: Lactose malabsorption in young Lithuanian children with atopic dermatitis. Acta Paediatr. 2004 Apr;93(4):482-6. [PubMed:15188975 ]
Lai K, Klapa MI: Alternative pathways of galactose assimilation: could inverse metabolic engineering provide an alternative to galactosemic patients? Metab Eng. 2004 Jul;6(3):239-44. [PubMed:15256214 ]
Liu G, Hale GE, Hughes CL: Galactose metabolism and ovarian toxicity. Reprod Toxicol. 2000 Sep-Oct;14(5):377-84. [PubMed:11020650 ]
Baristaite G, Gurwitz D: d-Galactose treatment increases ACE2, TMPRSS2, and FURIN and reduces SERPINA1 mRNA expression in A549 human lung epithelial cells. Drug Dev Res. 2021 Oct 22. doi: 10.1002/ddr.21891. [PubMed:34677831 ]

Showing NP-Card for D-Galactose (NP0000923)

MOL for NP0000923 (D-Galactose)

3D MOL for NP0000923 (D-Galactose)

3D SDF for NP0000923 (D-Galactose)

3D-SDF for NP0000923 (D-Galactose)

PDB for NP0000923 (D-Galactose)

3D PDB for NP0000923 (D-Galactose)

SMILES for NP0000923 (D-Galactose)

INCHI for NP0000923 (D-Galactose)

Structure for NP0000923 (D-Galactose)

3D Structure for NP0000923 (D-Galactose)