Record Information |
---|
Version | 2.0 |
---|
Created at | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
---|
Updated at | 2021-06-29 00:46:56 UTC |
---|
NP-MRD ID | NP0000910 |
---|
Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
---|
Natural Product Identification |
---|
Common Name | N-Acetylserotonin |
---|
Description | N-Acetylserotonin (NAS), also known as normelatonin, is a naturally occurring chemical precursor and intermediate in the endogenous production of melatonin from serotonin. It also has biological activity in its own right, including acting as a melatonin receptor agonist, an agonist of the TrkB, and having antioxidant effects. N-Acetylserotonin is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of melatonin and indoleamine in the pineal gland of mammalians. Serotonin-N-acetyltransferase (SNAT), which regulates the rate of melatonin biosynthesis in the pineal gland, catalyzes the acetylation of 5HT to N-acetylserotonin (NAS). A methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine is transferred to NAS by hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT), and finally NAS is converted to 5-methoxy-N-acetyltryptamine, or melatonin. In most mammalian species the content of NAS (and melatonin) in the pineal gland shows clear circadian changes with the highest level occurring during the dark period. This elevation of the contents of NAS (and melatonin) in the dark period is due to the increase of SNAT activity and the elevation of SNAT gene expression. Experimental studies show that N-acetylserotonin possess free radical scavenging activity. Acute administration of irreversible and reversible selective MAO-A inhibitors and high doses (or chronic administration of low doses) of relatively selective MAO-B inhibitors (but not of highly selective MAO-B inhibitors) suppressed MAO-A activity and stimulated N-acetylation of pineal serotonin into N-acetylserotonin, the immediate precursor of melatonin. N-acetylserotonin increase after MAO-A inhibitors might mediate their antidepressive and antihypertensive effects. N-Acetylserotonin is the product of the O-demethylation of melatonin mediated by cytochrome P-450 isoforms: Cytochrome p450, subfamily IIc, polypeptide 19 (CYP2C19, a clinically important enzyme that metabolizes a wide variety of drugs), with a minor contribution from Cytochrome p450, subfamily I, polypeptide (2CYP1A2, involved in O-deethylation of phenacetin). (PMID 15616152 , 11103901 , 10721079 , 10591054 ). N-Acetylserotonin acts as a potent antioxidant, NAS effectiveness as an anti-oxidant has been found to be different depending on the experimental model used, it has been described as being between 5 and 20 times more effect than melatonin at protecting against oxidant damage. NAS has been shown to protect against lipid peroxidation in microsomes and mitochondria. NAS has also been reported to lower resting levels of ROS in peripheral blood lymphocytes and to exhibit anti-oxidant effects against t-butylated hydroperoxide- and diamide-induced ROS. |
---|
Structure | CC(=O)NCCC1=CNC2=C1C=C(O)C=C2 InChI=1S/C12H14N2O2/c1-8(15)13-5-4-9-7-14-12-3-2-10(16)6-11(9)12/h2-3,6-7,14,16H,4-5H2,1H3,(H,13,15) |
---|
Synonyms | Value | Source |
---|
N-(2-(5-Hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)acetamide | ChEBI | N-Acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine | ChEBI | 5-Hydroxy-N-acetyltryptamine | HMDB | 5-Hydroxymelatonin | HMDB | ASE | HMDB | Desmethylmelatonin | HMDB | O-Demethylmelatonin | HMDB | N-Acetylhydroxytryptamine | HMDB |
|
---|
Chemical Formula | C12H14N2O2 |
---|
Average Mass | 218.2518 Da |
---|
Monoisotopic Mass | 218.10553 Da |
---|
IUPAC Name | N-[2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]acetamide |
---|
Traditional Name | N-acetylserotonin |
---|
CAS Registry Number | 1210-83-9 |
---|
SMILES | CC(=O)NCCC1=CNC2=C1C=C(O)C=C2 |
---|
InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C12H14N2O2/c1-8(15)13-5-4-9-7-14-12-3-2-10(16)6-11(9)12/h2-3,6-7,14,16H,4-5H2,1H3,(H,13,15) |
---|
InChI Key | MVAWJSIDNICKHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
---|
Experimental Spectra |
---|
|
| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
---|
1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, CDCl3, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, CD3OD, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
---|
|
| Not Available | Chemical Shift Submissions |
---|
|
| Not Available | Species |
---|
Species of Origin | |
---|
Chemical Taxonomy |
---|
Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxyindoles. These are organic compounds containing an indole moiety that carries a hydroxyl group. |
---|
Kingdom | Organic compounds |
---|
Super Class | Organoheterocyclic compounds |
---|
Class | Indoles and derivatives |
---|
Sub Class | Hydroxyindoles |
---|
Direct Parent | Hydroxyindoles |
---|
Alternative Parents | |
---|
Substituents | - Hydroxyindole
- 3-alkylindole
- Indole
- 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
- Substituted pyrrole
- Benzenoid
- Pyrrole
- Heteroaromatic compound
- Carboximidic acid
- Carboximidic acid derivative
- Azacycle
- Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
- Organic 1,3-dipolar compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organooxygen compound
- Organopnictogen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
|
---|
Molecular Framework | Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds |
---|
External Descriptors | |
---|
Physical Properties |
---|
State | Solid |
---|
Experimental Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
---|
Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
|
---|
Predicted Properties | |
---|