| Record Information |
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| Version | 2.0 |
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| Created at | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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| Updated at | 2020-11-24 22:19:07 UTC |
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| NP-MRD ID | NP0000885 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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| Natural Product Identification |
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| Common Name | gamma-Glutamylcysteine |
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| Description | Gamma-Glutamylcysteine is a dipeptide composed of gamma-glutamate and cysteine, and is a proteolytic breakdown product of larger proteins. It belongs to the family of N-acyl-alpha amino acids and derivatives. These are compounds containing an alpha amino acid which bears an acyl group at its terminal nitrogen atom. Gamma-Glutamylcysteine is an incomplete breakdown product of protein digestion or protein catabolism. Some dipeptides are known to have physiological or cell-signaling effects although most are simply short-lived intermediates on their way to specific amino acid degradation pathways following further proteolysis. Gamma-Glutamylcysteine is a product of enzyme glutamate-cysteine ligase [EC 6.3.2.2] And a substrate of enzyme glutathione synthase [EC 6.3.2.3] In the glutamate metabolism pathway (KEGG). |
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| Structure | N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(O)=O)C(O)=O InChI=1S/C8H14N2O5S/c9-4(7(12)13)1-2-6(11)10-5(3-16)8(14)15/h4-5,16H,1-3,9H2,(H,10,11)(H,12,13)(H,14,15)/t4-,5-/m0/s1 |
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| Synonyms | | Value | Source |
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| 5-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteine | ChEBI | | gamma-Glu-cys | ChEBI | | gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteine | ChEBI | | L-gamma-Glutamylcysteine | ChEBI | | g-Glu-cys | Generator | | Γ-glu-cys | Generator | | g-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteine | Generator | | Γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine | Generator | | L-g-Glutamylcysteine | Generator | | L-Γ-glutamylcysteine | Generator | | g-Glutamylcysteine | Generator | | Γ-glutamylcysteine | Generator | | Γ-L-glu-L-cys | HMDB | | L-Γ-glutamyl-L-cysteine | HMDB | | N-Γ-glutamylcysteine | HMDB | | N-L-Γ-glutamylcysteine | HMDB | | N-L-Γ-glutamyl-L-cysteine | HMDB | | gamma-L-Glu-L-cys | HMDB | | L-gamma-Glutamyl-L-cysteine | HMDB | | N-gamma-Glutamylcysteine | HMDB | | N-L-gamma-Glutamylcysteine | HMDB | | N-L-gamma-Glutamyl-L-cysteine | HMDB | | 5-L-Glutamylcysteine | HMDB | | H-gamma-Glu-cys-OH | HMDB | | L-g-Glutamyl-L-cysteine | HMDB | | N-Γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine | HMDB | | gamma-Glutamylcysteine | HMDB |
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| Chemical Formula | C8H14N2O5S |
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| Average Mass | 250.2720 Da |
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| Monoisotopic Mass | 250.06234 Da |
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| IUPAC Name | (2S)-2-amino-4-{[(1R)-1-carboxy-2-sulfanylethyl]carbamoyl}butanoic acid |
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| Traditional Name | gamma-glutamylcysteine |
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| CAS Registry Number | 636-58-8 |
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| SMILES | N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(O)=O)C(O)=O |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C8H14N2O5S/c9-4(7(12)13)1-2-6(11)10-5(3-16)8(14)15/h4-5,16H,1-3,9H2,(H,10,11)(H,12,13)(H,14,15)/t4-,5-/m0/s1 |
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| InChI Key | RITKHVBHSGLULN-WHFBIAKZSA-N |
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| Experimental Spectra |
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| | Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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| 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| | Predicted Spectra |
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| Not Available | | Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Not Available | | Species |
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| Species of Origin | |
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| Species Where Detected | |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as n-acyl-alpha amino acids. N-acyl-alpha amino acids are compounds containing an alpha amino acid which bears an acyl group at its terminal nitrogen atom. |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Organic acids and derivatives |
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| Class | Carboxylic acids and derivatives |
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| Sub Class | Amino acids, peptides, and analogues |
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| Direct Parent | N-acyl-alpha amino acids |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - N-acyl-alpha-amino acid
- Cysteine or derivatives
- Alpha-amino acid
- L-alpha-amino acid
- Fatty acid
- Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Amino acid
- Alkylthiol
- Carboximidic acid
- Carboximidic acid derivative
- Carboxylic acid
- Organic 1,3-dipolar compound
- Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Organosulfur compound
- Primary aliphatic amine
- Primary amine
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organic oxide
- Organopnictogen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Amine
- Organic oxygen compound
- Aliphatic acyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Solid |
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| Experimental Properties | | Property | Value | Reference |
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| Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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| Predicted Properties | |
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| General References | - Efferth T, Volm M: Glutathione-related enzymes contribute to resistance of tumor cells and low toxicity in normal organs to artesunate. In Vivo. 2005 Jan-Feb;19(1):225-32. [PubMed:15796179 ]
- Andersson A, Isaksson A, Brattstrom L, Hultberg B: Homocysteine and other thiols determined in plasma by HPLC and thiol-specific postcolumn derivatization. Clin Chem. 1993 Aug;39(8):1590-7. [PubMed:8353942 ]
- Iida M, Yasuhara T, Mochizuki H, Takakura H, Yanagisawa T, Kubo H: Two Japanese brothers with hereditary gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2005;28(1):49-55. [PubMed:15702405 ]
- Lochman P, Adam T, Friedecky D, Hlidkova E, Skopkova Z: High-throughput capillary electrophoretic method for determination of total aminothiols in plasma and urine. Electrophoresis. 2003 Apr;24(7-8):1200-7. [PubMed:12707912 ]
- Atamna H, Ginsburg H: The malaria parasite supplies glutathione to its host cell--investigation of glutathione transport and metabolism in human erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium falciparum. Eur J Biochem. 1997 Dec 15;250(3):670-9. [PubMed:9461289 ]
- Martensson J: Method for determination of free and total glutathione and gamma-glutamylcysteine concentrations in human leukocytes and plasma. J Chromatogr. 1987 Sep 4;420(1):152-7. [PubMed:3667817 ]
- Andersson A, Isaksson A, Hultberg B: Homocysteine export from erythrocytes and its implication for plasma sampling. Clin Chem. 1992 Jul;38(7):1311-5. [PubMed:1623596 ]
- Kaarteenaho-Wiik R, Kinnula VL: Distribution of antioxidant enzymes in developing human lung, respiratory distress syndrome, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. J Histochem Cytochem. 2004 Sep;52(9):1231-40. [PubMed:15314090 ]
- Diaz-Hernandez JI, Almeida A, Delgado-Esteban M, Fernandez E, Bolanos JP: Knockdown of glutamate-cysteine ligase by small hairpin RNA reveals that both catalytic and modulatory subunits are essential for the survival of primary neurons. J Biol Chem. 2005 Nov 25;280(47):38992-9001. Epub 2005 Sep 23. [PubMed:16183645 ]
- Levonen AL, Lapatto R, Saksela M, Raivio KO: Expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase during development. Pediatr Res. 2000 Feb;47(2):266-70. [PubMed:10674357 ]
- Martensson J, Kagedal B, Larsson A: Sulphur amino-acid degradation in subjects with hereditary glutathione synthetase deficiency (5-oxoprolinuria). Eur J Clin Invest. 1985 Dec;15(6):371-4. [PubMed:3938407 ]
- Njalsson R, Ristoff E, Carlsson K, Winkler A, Larsson A, Norgren S: Genotype, enzyme activity, glutathione level, and clinical phenotype in patients with glutathione synthetase deficiency. Hum Genet. 2005 Apr;116(5):384-9. Epub 2005 Feb 17. [PubMed:15717202 ]
- Lou MF, Dickerson JE Jr, Tung WH, Wolfe JK, Chylack LT Jr: Correlation of nuclear color and opalescence with protein S-thiolation in human lenses. Exp Eye Res. 1999 May;68(5):547-52. [PubMed:10328968 ]
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