Record Information |
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Version | 2.0 |
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Created at | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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Updated at | 2022-01-11 18:46:50 UTC |
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NP-MRD ID | NP0000860 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Natural Product Identification |
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Common Name | Adenosine |
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Description | Adenosine is a nucleoside that is composed of adenine and D-ribose. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. For instance, adenosine plays an important role in energy transfer as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). It also plays a role in signal transduction as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Adenosine itself is both a neurotransmitter and potent vasodilator. When administered intravenously adenosine causes transient heart block in the AV node. Due to the effects of adenosine on AV node-dependent supraventricular tachycardia, adenosine is considered a class V antiarrhythmic agent. Overdoses of adenosine intake (as a drug) can lead to several side effects including chest pain, feeling faint, shortness of breath, and tingling of the senses. Serious side effects include a worsening dysrhythmia and low blood pressure. When present in sufficiently high levels, adenosine can act as an immunotoxin and a metabotoxin. An immunotoxin disrupts, limits the function, or destroys immune cells. A metabotoxin is an endogenous metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of adenosine are associated with adenosine deaminase deficiency. Adenosine is a precursor to deoxyadenosine, which is a precursor to dATP. A buildup of dATP in cells inhibits ribonucleotide reductase and prevents DNA synthesis, so cells are unable to divide. Since developing T cells and B cells are some of the most mitotically active cells, they are unable to divide and propagate to respond to immune challenges. High levels of deoxyadenosine also lead to an increase in S-adenosylhomocysteine, which is toxic to immature lymphocytes. |
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Structure | NC1=C2N=CN([C@@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3O)C2=NC=N1 InChI=1S/C10H13N5O4/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-7(18)6(17)4(1-16)19-10/h2-4,6-7,10,16-18H,1H2,(H2,11,12,13)/t4-,6-,7-,10-/m1/s1 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(6-Aminopurin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol | ChEBI | 6-Amino-9-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-9H-purine | ChEBI | 9-beta-D-Ribofuranosidoadenine | ChEBI | 9-beta-D-Ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-amine | ChEBI | Ade-rib | ChEBI | Adenine deoxyribonucleoside | ChEBI | Adenocard | ChEBI | Adenocor | ChEBI | Adenoscan | ChEBI | Adenosin | ChEBI | Adenyldeoxyriboside | ChEBI | Ado | ChEBI | beta-D-Adenosine | ChEBI | Deoxyadenosine | ChEBI | Desoxyadenosine | ChEBI | 6-Amino-9-b-D-ribofuranosyl-9H-purine | Generator | 6-Amino-9-β-D-ribofuranosyl-9H-purine | Generator | 9-b-D-Ribofuranosidoadenine | Generator | 9-Β-D-ribofuranosidoadenine | Generator | 9-b-D-Ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-amine | Generator | 9-Β-D-ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-amine | Generator | b-D-Adenosine | Generator | Β-D-adenosine | Generator | 1-(6-Amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-1-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose | HMDB | 1-(6-Amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-1-deoxy-beta-delta-ribofuranose | HMDB | 6-Amino-9beta-D-ribofuranosyl-9H-purine | HMDB | 6-Amino-9beta-delta-ribofuranosyl-9H-purine | HMDB | 9-beta-D-Arabinofuranosyladenine | HMDB | 9-beta-D-Ribofuranosyladenine | HMDB | 9-beta-delta-Arabinofuranosyladenine | HMDB | 9-beta-delta-Ribofuranosidoadenine | HMDB | 9-beta-delta-Ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-amine | HMDB | 9-beta-delta-Ribofuranosyladenine | HMDB | 9beta-D-Ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-amine | HMDB | 9beta-D-Ribofuranosyladenine | HMDB | 9beta-delta-Ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-amine | HMDB | 9beta-delta-Ribofuranosyladenine | HMDB | Adenine nucleoside | HMDB | Adenine riboside | HMDB | Adenine-9beta-D-ribofuranoside | HMDB | Adenine-9beta-delta-ribofuranoside | HMDB | beta-Adenosine | HMDB | beta-delta-Adenosine | HMDB | Boniton | HMDB | Myocol | HMDB | Nucleocardyl | HMDB | Sandesin | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C10H13N5O4 |
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Average Mass | 267.2413 Da |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 267.09675 Da |
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IUPAC Name | (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol |
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Traditional Name | adenosine |
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CAS Registry Number | 58-61-7 |
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SMILES | NC1=C2N=CN([C@@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3O)C2=NC=N1 |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C10H13N5O4/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-7(18)6(17)4(1-16)19-10/h2-4,6-7,10,16-18H,1H2,(H2,11,12,13)/t4-,6-,7-,10-/m1/s1 |
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InChI Key | OIRDTQYFTABQOQ-KQYNXXCUSA-N |
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Experimental Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, simulated) | Ahselim | | | 2022-01-11 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 400 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
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| Not Available | Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H2O, simulated) | varshavi.d26@gmail.com | Not Available | Not Available | 2021-08-08 | View Spectrum |
| Species |
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Species of Origin | |
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Species Where Detected | |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as purine nucleosides. Purine nucleosides are compounds comprising a purine base attached to a ribosyl or deoxyribosyl moiety. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues |
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Class | Purine nucleosides |
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Sub Class | Not Available |
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Direct Parent | Purine nucleosides |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Purine nucleoside
- Glycosyl compound
- N-glycosyl compound
- 6-aminopurine
- Pentose monosaccharide
- Imidazopyrimidine
- Purine
- Aminopyrimidine
- Monosaccharide
- N-substituted imidazole
- Pyrimidine
- Imidolactam
- Tetrahydrofuran
- Azole
- Imidazole
- Heteroaromatic compound
- Secondary alcohol
- Organoheterocyclic compound
- Azacycle
- Oxacycle
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Alcohol
- Organonitrogen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organooxygen compound
- Amine
- Primary alcohol
- Primary amine
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | 235.5 °C | Not Available | Boiling Point | 676.27 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est) | The Good Scents Company Information System | Water Solubility | 37 mg/mL | Wishart, D. S., Tzur, D., Knox, C., Eisner, R., Guo, A. C., Young, N., ... & Querengesser, L. (2007). HMDB: the human metabolome database. Nucleic acids research, 35(suppl_1), D521-D526. | LogP | -1.05 | Hansch CH, Leo A and Hoekman DH. "Exploring QSAR: Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constraints. Volume 1" ACS Publications (1995). |
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Predicted Properties | |
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General References | - Skalhegg BS, Funderud A, Henanger HH, Hafte TT, Larsen AC, Kvissel AK, Eikvar S, Orstavik S: Protein kinase A (PKA)--a potential target for therapeutic intervention of dysfunctional immune cells. Curr Drug Targets. 2005 Sep;6(6):655-64. [PubMed:16178799 ]
- Maytin M, Colucci WS: Cardioprotection: a new paradigm in the management of acute heart failure syndromes. Am J Cardiol. 2005 Sep 19;96(6A):26G-31G. [PubMed:16181820 ]
- Dodge-Kafka KL, Soughayer J, Pare GC, Carlisle Michel JJ, Langeberg LK, Kapiloff MS, Scott JD: The protein kinase A anchoring protein mAKAP coordinates two integrated cAMP effector pathways. Nature. 2005 Sep 22;437(7058):574-8. [PubMed:16177794 ]
- Gheorghiade M, Teerlink JR, Mebazaa A: Pharmacology of new agents for acute heart failure syndromes. Am J Cardiol. 2005 Sep 19;96(6A):68G-73G. [PubMed:16181825 ]
- Jansen RW, Kruijt JK, van Berkel TJ, Meijer DK: Coupling of the antiviral drug ara-AMP to lactosaminated albumin leads to specific uptake in rat and human hepatocytes. Hepatology. 1993 Jul;18(1):146-52. [PubMed:7686877 ]
- Yamamoto T, Moriwaki Y, Takahashi S, Fujita T, Tsutsumi Z, Yamakita J, Shimizu K, Shiota M, Ohta S, Higashino K: Determination of adenosine and deoxyadenosine in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography with column switching. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1998 Nov 20;719(1-2):55-61. [PubMed:9869364 ]
- Koeris M, Funke L, Shrestha J, Rich A, Maas S: Modulation of ADAR1 editing activity by Z-RNA in vitro. Nucleic Acids Res. 2005 Sep 21;33(16):5362-70. Print 2005. [PubMed:16177183 ]
- Vidotto C, Fousert D, Akkermann M, Griesmacher A, Muller MM: Purine and pyrimidine metabolites in children's urine. Clin Chim Acta. 2003 Sep;335(1-2):27-32. [PubMed:12927681 ]
- Sonousi A, Mahran HA, Ibrahim IM, Ibrahim MN, Elfiky AA, Elshemey WM: Novel adenosine derivatives against SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase: an in silico perspective. Pharmacol Rep. 2021 Dec;73(6):1754-1764. doi: 10.1007/s43440-021-00300-9. Epub 2021 Jun 24. [PubMed:34165771 ]
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