Record Information |
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Version | 2.0 |
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Created at | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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Updated at | 2022-01-23 23:58:37 UTC |
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NP-MRD ID | NP0000857 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Natural Product Identification |
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Common Name | D-Maltose |
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Description | D-Maltose, also known as maltose, maltobiose or malt sugar, is a disaccharide formed from two units of glucose joined with an alpha (1→4) bond. Its name comes from malt, combined with the suffix '-ose' which is used in names of sugars. Maltose is a key structural motif of starch. When alpha-amylase breaks down starch, it removes two glucose units at a time, producing maltose. Maltose can be further broken down to glucose by the maltase enzyme, which catalyses the hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond. D-maltose exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. Within humans, D-maltose participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, maltose can be converted into glucose; which is mediated by the enzyme maltase-glucoamylase. In addition, maltose can be converted into glucose through its interaction with the enzyme glycogen debranching enzyme. Maltose is found in high concentrations in oriental wheats and in a lower concentrations in sweet potato, grape wines, yellow pond-lilies, sunflowers, and spinach. Maltose is a component of malt, a substance which is obtained in the process of allowing grain to soften in water and germinate. It is also present in highly variable quantities in partially hydrolysed starch products like maltodextrin, corn syrup and acid-thinned starch. Maltose has a sweet taste but is only about 30–60% as sweet as sucrose, depending on the concentration. |
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Structure | OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O InChI=1S/C12H22O11/c13-1-3-5(15)6(16)9(19)12(22-3)23-10-4(2-14)21-11(20)8(18)7(10)17/h3-20H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,5-,6+,7-,8+,9-,10-,11+,12-/m1/s1 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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4-O-alpha-D-Glucopyranosyl-alpha-D-mannopyranose | ChEBI | 4-O-a-D-Glucopyranosyl-a-D-mannopyranose | Generator | 4-O-Α-D-glucopyranosyl-α-D-mannopyranose | Generator | 1-alpha-D-Glucopyranosyl-4-alpha-D-glucopyranose | HMDB | 1-alpha-delta-Glucopyranosyl-4-alpha-delta-glucopyranose | HMDB | 4-(alpha-D-Glucopyranosido)-alpha-glucopyranose | HMDB | 4-(alpha-D-Glucosido)-D-glucose | HMDB | 4-(alpha-delta-Glucopyranosido)-alpha-glucopyranose | HMDB | 4-(alpha-delta-Glucosido)-delta-glucose | HMDB | 4-O-a-D-Glucopyranosyl-D-glucose | HMDB | 4-O-alpha-D-Glucopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose | HMDB | 4-O-alpha-D-Glucopyranosyl-D-glucose | HMDB | 4-O-alpha-delta-Glucopyranosyl-delta-glucopyranose | HMDB | 4-O-alpha-delta-Glucopyranosyl-delta-glucose | HMDB | Advantose 100 | HMDB | alpha-D-GLCP-(1->4)-D-GLCP | HMDB | alpha-D-Glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-glucopyranose | HMDB | alpha-D-Glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-glucose | HMDB | alpha-delta-GLCP-(1->4)-delta-GLCP | HMDB | alpha-delta-Glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-delta-glucopyranose | HMDB | alpha-delta-Glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-delta-glucose | HMDB | alpha-Malt sugar | HMDB | Cextromaltose | HMDB | D-(+)-Maltose | HMDB | delta-(+)-Maltose | HMDB | delta-Maltose | HMDB | Finetose | HMDB | Finetose F | HMDB | Madoros | HMDB | Malt sugar | HMDB | Maltobiose | HMDB | Maltodiose | HMDB | Maltos | HMDB | Maltose | HMDB | Maltose HH | HMDB | Maltose HHH | HMDB | Maltose solution | HMDB | Malzzucker | HMDB | Martos-10 | HMDB | Sunmalt | HMDB | Sunmalt S | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C12H22O11 |
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Average Mass | 342.2965 Da |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 342.11621 Da |
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IUPAC Name | (2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-{[(2R,3S,4R,5S,6S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}oxane-3,4,5-triol |
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Traditional Name | (2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-{[(2R,3S,4R,5S,6S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}oxane-3,4,5-triol |
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CAS Registry Number | 69-79-4 |
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SMILES | OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C12H22O11/c13-1-3-5(15)6(16)9(19)12(22-3)23-10-4(2-14)21-11(20)8(18)7(10)17/h3-20H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,5-,6+,7-,8+,9-,10-,11+,12-/m1/s1 |
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InChI Key | GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-DKBJLJRDSA-N |
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Experimental Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, simulated) | Ahselim | | | 2022-01-23 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
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| Not Available | Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H2O, simulated) | v.dorna83@yahoo.com | Not Available | Not Available | 2021-08-11 | View Spectrum |
| Species |
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Species of Origin | |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as o-glycosyl compounds. These are glycoside in which a sugar group is bonded through one carbon to another group via a O-glycosidic bond. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Organic oxygen compounds |
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Class | Organooxygen compounds |
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Sub Class | Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates |
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Direct Parent | O-glycosyl compounds |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - O-glycosyl compound
- Disaccharide
- Oxane
- Secondary alcohol
- Hemiacetal
- Oxacycle
- Organoheterocyclic compound
- Polyol
- Acetal
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Primary alcohol
- Alcohol
- Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | 102 - 103 °C | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | 780 mg/mL | Not Available | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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Predicted Properties | |
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General References | - Lu J, Willis AC, Reid KB: Purification, characterization and cDNA cloning of human lung surfactant protein D. Biochem J. 1992 Jun 15;284 ( Pt 3):795-802. [PubMed:1339284 ]
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- Daly JJ, Sherman JK, Green L, Hostetler TL: Survival of Trichomonas vaginalis in human semen. Genitourin Med. 1989 Apr;65(2):106-8. [PubMed:2787774 ]
- Sherman JK, Hostetler TL, McHenry K, Daly JJ: Cryosurvival of Trichomonas vaginalis during cryopreservation of human semen. Cryobiology. 1991 Jun;28(3):246-50. [PubMed:1864083 ]
- van Leeuwen L: New saccharogenic determination of alpha-amylase in serum and urine. Clin Chem. 1979 Feb;25(2):215-7. [PubMed:215341 ]
- Miller LJ, Malagelada JR, Taylor WF, Go VL: Intestinal control of human postprandial gastric function: the role of components of jejunoileal chyme in regulating gastric secretion and gastric emptying. Gastroenterology. 1981 Apr;80(4):763-9. [PubMed:7202948 ]
- Roy E, Stavropoulos E, Brennan J, Coade S, Grigorieva E, Walker B, Dagg B, Tascon RE, Lowrie DB, Colston MJ, Jolles S: Therapeutic efficacy of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice. Infect Immun. 2005 Sep;73(9):6101-9. [PubMed:16113331 ]
- Wyss C, Choi BK, Schupbach P, Guggenheim B, Gobel UB: Treponema maltophilum sp. nov., a small oral spirochete isolated from human periodontal lesions. Int J Syst Bacteriol. 1996 Jul;46(3):745-52. [PubMed:8782684 ]
- Morse DR, Schacterle GR, Furst L, Zaydenberg M, Pollack RL: Oral digestion of a complex-carbohydrate cereal: effects of stress and relaxation on physiological and salivary measures. Am J Clin Nutr. 1989 Jan;49(1):97-105. [PubMed:2463752 ]
- Yamamoto T, Kajiura S, Hirai Y, Watanabe T: Capnocytophaga haemolytica sp. nov. and Capnocytophaga granulosa sp. nov., from human dental plaque. Int J Syst Bacteriol. 1994 Apr;44(2):324-9. [PubMed:8186098 ]
- Zhu J, Marchant RE: Dendritic saccharide surfactant polymers as antifouling interface materials to reduce platelet adhesion. Biomacromolecules. 2006 Apr;7(4):1036-41. [PubMed:16602718 ]
- Lingstrom P, Birkhed D, Granfeldt Y, Bjorck I: pH measurements of human dental plaque after consumption of starchy foods using the microtouch and the sampling method. Caries Res. 1993;27(5):394-401. [PubMed:8242677 ]
- Leth-Larsen R, Holmskov U, Hojrup P: Structural characterization of human and bovine lung surfactant protein D. Biochem J. 1999 Nov 1;343 Pt 3:645-52. [PubMed:10527944 ]
- Janoshazi A, Solomon AK: Initial steps of alpha- and beta-D-glucose binding to intact red cell membrane. J Membr Biol. 1993 Mar;132(2):167-78. [PubMed:8496948 ]
- Tiwari F, Singh DK: Behavioural responses of the snail Lymnaea acuminata to carbohydrates in snail-attractant pellets. Naturwissenschaften. 2004 Aug;91(8):378-80. Epub 2004 Jun 2. [PubMed:15309310 ]
- Chiba S, Hiromi K, Minamiura N, Ohnishi M, Shimomura T, Suga K, Suganuma T, Tanaka A, Tomioka S, Yamamoto T: Quantitative study on anomeric forms of glucose produced by alpha-glucosidases. J Biochem. 1979 May;85(5):1135-41. [PubMed:376499 ]
- McCue JP, Hein RH, Tenold R: Three generations of immunoglobulin G preparations for clinical use. Rev Infect Dis. 1986 Jul-Aug;8 Suppl 4:S374-81. [PubMed:3092303 ]
- Dorner KM: Quantitative determination of lactose, maltose, and sucrose in urine. Eur J Pediatr. 1977 Aug 23;126(1-2):45-52. [PubMed:902663 ]
- Sigman-Grant M, Morita J: Defining and interpreting intakes of sugars. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Oct;78(4):815S-826S. [PubMed:14522745 ]
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